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	Inessa Armand
		Inessa Armand, the daughter of an actor, was born in Paris on 8th May, 1874.
		Armand distributed illegal propaganda and after being arrested in June, 1907, she was sentenced to two years internal exile in Siberia.
		In February, 1919, Armand was part of the Russian Red Cross Mission to repatriate Russian prisoners of war.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSarmand.htm (439 words)

	Inessa Armand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Inessa Armand (8 May 1874–24 September 1920) was a French-born Communist who spent most of her life in Russia.
		Armand distributed illegal propaganda and after being arrested in June 1907, she was sentenced to two years' internal exile in Siberia.
		Armand was a staunch critic of the Soviet government's decision to sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Inessa_Armand (492 words)

	INESSA ARMAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Pada usia 18 tahun dia menikah dengan Alexander Armand, seorang industrialis kaya, tapi meninggalkannya 10 tahun kemudian dengan 4 anak untuk tinggal bersama saudara lelakinya, Vladimir, dimana dia mendapatkan anak kelimanya.
		Armand pernah menjelaskan pada anak perempuannya, Inna, bahwa dia telah memperoleh pelajaran bahwa “pilihan yang tepat bukanlah menjadi sepenuhnya feminin, tapi menjadi manusia seutuhnya”.
		Armand melarikan suami yang sangat dicintainya ke perawat tapi Vladimir meninggal 2 minggu setelah kedatangannya.
	www24.brinkster.com /indomarxist/inessa.htm (618 words)

	Guardian \| Lenin's lieutenant
		Inessa Armand was fluent in four languages and had a talent for organisation.
		The illegitimate daughter of a Parisian opera singer, Inessa had married Alexander Armand, the eldest son of a wealthy French-Russian textile family, at the age of 19.
		By the time Inessa Armand met Lenin, she had been imprisoned four times and had escaped from exile in Mezen, a small town on the edge of the Arctic circle.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,,4266292-103418,00.html (1354 words)

	Lenin in Paris - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lenin is shown visiting with friends, the meetings with his later mistress Inessa Armand (in the movie she is in love with a young communist, Trofimoff), while several of his philosophical views and economic and political theories are mouthed by a former colleague who narrates the film and brings the material into the present...
		Actor Yuri Kayurov: "It was not possible for Lenin to love Inessa Armand on screen.
		We have the film "Lenin in Paris", where, naturally, and in the scenario in Gavrilovich was a scene, in which Lenin sit with Ines Armand on the bench, about by something they converse, where as well, probably they have a love affair, they perfectly well know this entire.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lenin_in_Paris (310 words)

	Lenin's Mistress : The Life of Inessa Armand - Michael Pearson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		This biography of Inessa Armand, an inner-circle member of Lenin's entourage and a revolutionary who served as secretary to the Moscow Society for Improving the Lot of Women, weighs her influence on Lenin (as a friend and perhaps mistress) and examines the events of her life in relation to their historical context.
		The illegitimate daughter of a Parisian opera singer, Armand was fortunate to marry into a wealthy Moscow family, yet she left home after ten years and four children to live openly with her husband’s much younger brother, through whom she became deeply embroiled in Russia’s growing anti-tsarist underworld.
		In 1920, Armand died of cholera after taking a holiday in the Caucasus at Lenin’s insistence, and at her state funeral, an extremely rare honor for a woman, Lenin’s visible distress shocked his comrades.
	www.biblio.com /books/50858711.html (561 words)

	Inessa Armand:<R>Bolshevik feminist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Born Inessa Stephane in Paris in 1874, Inessa (she preferred to be known by her first name) was raised by her aunt in Russia following the early death of her opera-singer father.
		Armand, strongly backed by Lenin, was one of the main leaders of the successful effort to convince the Bolshevik party to intensify its efforts to organise women workers (who had been vital to the February Revolution).
		Armand's work was instrumental in the Bolsheviks' feminist achievements — reforms on marriage, divorce, education, employment and abortion which were far in advance of any capitalist country at that time.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/2002/495/495p21.htm (1284 words)

	The Ultimate Inessa Armand - American History Information Guide and Reference
		Armand was upset that many socialists in Europe to support the war effort.
		Armand was a staunch critic of the Soviet government's decision to sign the Brest-Litovsk Treaty.
		Inessa Armand has been portrayed in the movie Lenin in Paris.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Inessa_Armand (434 words)

	SBPL Book Review
		Finally, a new biography of Inessa Armand reveals the woman with whom the world's most hardened, calculating, power-hungry and conniving revolutionary was smitten.
		The Armands were a progressive family, steeped in the Russian intelligencia tradition and eventually all would dabble in some form of revolutionary activities.
		"Inessa had never met a man like Lenin," writes the author, "none who had Lenin's knowledge and intellectual powers; none who believed it was his destiny to reshape the world." Although Lenin's wife Nadya Krupskaya offered to leave, chauvinist Lenin insisted that she stay.
	www.uia.net /~sbpl/aug_17_03.html (928 words)

	Review of Lenin's Mistress
		Inessa Armand, the illegitimate daughter of a French opera singer, had already borne four children, one by her husband's brother, and been exiled to an Arctic prison camp for anti-czarist subversion.
		Armand is a familiar background figure within the tableau of revolutionary events.
		Armand's role in Lenin's life was a problematic aspect of his legend.
	mailman.lbo-talk.org /2002/2002-May/011527.html (790 words)

	Sample text for Library of Congress control number 2001048464
		Inessa Armand was to become Lenin's lover, in a relationship that was volatile but bound them, even when she was barely speaking to him, by deep emotional roots.
		Inessa's father, as testified to by his death certificate, lived on, in fact, for six years after she had left Paris.
		Inessa may have been disappointed by young men in general, but she made it clear that he stood out among the crowd as a shining exception.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/samples/random044/2001048464.html (2367 words)

	BBC News \| Analysis \| Lenin's Love Life Exposed?
		The theory that Lenin had a love affair with Inessa Armand is widely accepted by historians, but it's usually supposed that this affair took place in Paris several years before the revolution, and was not long-lived.
		From the fact that Armand had a room in the Kremlin, and believed in free love, it does not necessarily follow that she and Lenin continued to sleep together until her death from cholera in 1920.
		Professor Service believes it's significant that Armand asked her daughter to deliver the letter to Lenin's sister, Maria, rather than to Krupskaya -- suggesting that Armand wanted to spare Krupskaya the pain of forwarding to her husband a declaration of love.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/analysis/34077.stm (557 words)

	SBPL Book Review
		Finally, a new biography of Inessa Armand reveals the woman with whom the world's most hardened, calculating, power-hungry and conniving revolutionary was smitten.
		The Armands were a progressive family, steeped in the Russian intelligencia tradition and eventually all would dabble in some form of revolutionary activities.
		Inessa and Lenin met in Paris in 1909.
	www.sbpl.org /aug_17_03.html (928 words)

	A World to Win \| Review \| Books \| A woman of the revolution
		Inessa, her husband and his brother, now her lover, amazingly, found a way of continuing life without breaking up their family.
		Inessa Armand finally managed to escape to Poland, but remained a wanted outlaw in Russia.
		We can learn not only about Inessa, but the circles in which she moved, especially about the women in the leadership of the Bolshevik party, even though Pearson tends to see things in terms of personal rivalries.
	www.aworldtowin.net /reviews/Inessa.html (1008 words)

	Movement for a Socialist Future (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Inessa, her husband and his brother, now her lover, amazingly, found a way of continuing life without breaking up their family.
		Instead of leaving her to her own devices, her husband continued to maintain her, Pearson writes, “supporting her various causes, paying her bail when she was jailed, as she often would be, and despite her requests for no favours, using what influence he could to gain her release.
		We can learn not only about Inessa, but the circles in which she moved, especially about the women in the leadership of the Bolshevik party, even though Pearson tends to see things in terms of personal rivalries.
	socialistfuture.org.uk /msf/articles/history/Woman_of_revolution.htm (1087 words)

	Inessa Armand: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Inessa Armand, the daughter of an actor, was born in Paris The capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce
		On her return to Petrograd, she became director of Zhenotdel, an organization that fought for female equality in the Communist Party A political party that actively advocates a communist form of government; in Communist countries it is the sole political party of the state
		Inessa Armand has been portrayed in the movie Lenin in Paris Lenin in paris (lenin v parizhe) is a russian film directed by sergei yutkevich (1981)...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /i/inessa_armand (684 words)

	Inessa Armand
		Inessa often went to talk with her, sit with her, have a smoke with her.
		He tells Inessa of the need to gather materials on the war positions of all parties, then asks about her health, whether she eats better, whether she has books and newspapers, how the weather is in Les Avants, whether she is taking walks, and whether they can see each other soon.
		He wrote Inessa several letters full of abusive reproaches of comrades who were closest to him, and apparently she reproved him in reply.
	members.optushome.com.au /spainter/Wolfe.html (8397 words)

	Marxism message, Lenin, Krupskaya and Inessa Armand
		The biography of Inessa Armand by R.C. Elwood, which tries to make a case that there was no sexual relationship, is refuted by the balance of the evidence.
		Another feature of Inessa Armand was that, despite her intense emotional involvement with Lenin, she was capable of disagreeing with him politically, on points of principle She was a vigorous participant in the Workers' Opposition, despite the fact that this involved a profound political collision with Lenin.
		They are: Letters from Lenin to Inessa Armand http://members.optushome.com.au/spainter/Pipes.html Extracts from Lenin: A Biography, by Robert Service http://members.optushome.com.au/spainter/Service.html Extracts from Bride of the Revolution: Krupskaya and Lenin, by Robert H. McNeal http://members.optushome.com.au/spainter/Bride.html Inessa Armand, by Bertram D. Wolfe http://members.optushome.com.au/spainter/Wolfe.html ~~~~~~~ PLEASE clip all extraneous text before replying to a message.
	archives.econ.utah.edu /archives/marxism/2003w38/msg00114.htm (2096 words)

	Rare look at a red feminist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		When Inessa Armand's name is mentioned, it is usually in connection with that of Vladimir Lenin -- leader of the Bolshevik Party and of the Russian Revolution.
		Armand was born in France but brought up in Russia by an aunt who was employed as a nanny by a liberal bourgeois family of textile manufacturers.
		The affair between Lenin and Armand, Elwood admits, is hard to prove or disprove, but he questions the evidence used to “prove” the liaison.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/1993/114/114p29.htm (845 words)

	chapters.indigo.ca: Books: Lenin's Mistress: The Life of Inessa Armand
		The illegitimate daughter of a Parisian opera singer, Armand was fortunate to marry into a wealthy Moscow family, yet she left home after ten years and four children to live openly with her husband’s much younger brother, through whom she became deeply embroiled in Russia’s growing anti-tsarist underworld.
		Armand was soon appointed chief of the Woman’s Section of the Central Committee, with unique access to Lenin and the power to make legislative decisions.
		Michael Pearson, with access to family papers (including 150 letters from Lenin to Armand), previously censored materials from Russian archives, and interviews with Inessa Armand’s descendants, brings her to life with precision and insight—as a wife and devoted mother, political standard-bearer, and woman in love.
	www.chapters.indigo.ca /books/item/books-978037550589?Lang=en&zxac=1 (613 words)

	Whims of Fate [The Voice of Russia]
		Lenin and Armand were trying hard to spare Nadezhda’s feelings but she was too smart not to see what was happening For example, that Vladimir was spending way more time with Inessa than he did with her right after their marriage.
		The true reason for Inessa’s departure, however, was that she had a break with Lenin.
		Inessa Armand died in the fall of 1920.
	www.vor.ru /English/whims/whims_027.html (794 words)

	Vladimir_Lenin
		He continued to travel in Europe and participated in many socialist meetings and activities, including the Prague Party Conference of 1912 and the Zimmerwald Conference of 1915.
		When Inessa Armand left Russia and settled in Paris, she met Vladimir Lenin and other Bolsheviks living in exile, and is believed to have become Lenin's partner during this time.
		When the First World War began in 1914, and the large Social Democratic parties of Europe (at that time self-described as Marxist), comprising luminaries such as Karl Kautsky, supported their various countries' war efforts, Lenin was shocked, at first refusing to believe that the German Social Democrats had voted for war credits.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/v/vl/vladimir_lenin.html (3821 words)

	SBPL Book Review
		Alexander and the entire Armand family seemed to have accepted Inessa's new arrangement with her brother-in-law.
		Shortly after that Inessa escaped and went into exile to France just in time to see Vladimir die.
		"Inessa had never met a man like Lenin," writes the author, "none who had Lenin's knowledge and intellectual powers; none who believed it was his destiny to reshape the world." Although Lenin's wife Nadya Krupskaya offered to leave, chauvinist Lenin insisted that she stay.
	sbpl.org /aug_17_03.html (928 words)

	Inessa Armand - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		$43.00 (C) Inessa Armand was born of French-English parents in Paris in 1874, raised in the family of a wealthy Moscovite manufacturer, and buried at the age of 46 next to the walls of the Kremlin.
		Armand's unique life is made even more interesting by her close friendship with Lenin and this study examines their stormy relations, casting doubt on the conventional wisdom of an extended love affair.
		"This meticulous, thoughtful biography draws on police reports, memoirs and Armand's and Lenin's published letters, as well as a wide range of secondary literature to retrieve Armand from Lenin's shadow and to fill in the details of her life." The Russian Review
	www.cambridge.org /us/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521894212 (411 words)

	m-fem message, [Fwd: Inessa Armand, feminism etc]
		Carrol -------- Original Message -------- Subject: Inessa Armand, feminism etc Date: Thu, 16 Mar 2000 15:39:14 +1300 From: Philip L Ferguson Reply-To: marxism@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx To: marxism@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Yoshie writes: >The way Philip defines it, it is redundant to say "bourgeois feminist," >since in his line of thinking feminism is by definition "bourgeois"!
		Armand was not a revolutionary and a feminist.
		But, to paraphrase Julio, a title like "Inessa Armand: Marxist and Leninist" is less palatable to academic publishers than softening Armand up and presenting a more fluffy title.
	archives.econ.utah.edu /archives/m-fem/2000m03/msg00135.htm (1088 words)

	Inessa - AOL Music
		In March 1915, Inessa Armand went to Switzerland where she organized the anti-war...
		Inessa Armand has been portrayed in the movies Lenin in Paris,...
		Download, listen and watch Inessa music, mp3's, song lyrics, music videos, Internet radio, live performances, concerts, and more on AOL Music.
	music.aol.com /artist/inessa/534300/main (133 words)

	BBC - Radio 4 - Woman's Hour -Inessa Armand
		Revolutionary, mother of five and Lenin's lover, Inessa Armand became one of the most powerful women in Russia in 1919.
		Michael Pearson has had access to newly released papers, and discusses this little-known but extraordinary woman.
		Inessa: Lenin's Mistress by Michael Pearson (Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd, ISBN: 0715630482, £20.00).
	www.bbc.co.uk /radio4/womanshour/2001_41_thu_03.shtml (118 words)

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