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	Botulism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Botulism (from Latin botulus, "sausage") is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin, botulin, that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.
		Infant botulism is caused by consuming the spores of the botulinum bacteria, which then grow in the intestines and release toxin.
		An unusual example of botulism occurred in Britain in the exceptionally hot, dry summer of 1976, when river levels dropped so low in some areas that feeding swans accidentally ingested material from anaerobic layers in a river (normally out of their reach), and were struck by botulism symptoms.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Botulism (1403 words)

	Dr. Koop - Infant Botulism- Health Encyclopedia and Reference
		In infant botulism, the baby does not ingest toxin; instead, spores from the botulism bacteria produce toxin in the baby's immature digestive tract.
		Infant botulism is quite different from the botulism caused by eating contaminated foods.
		Infant botulism is hard to diagnose since it resembles several other disorders.
	www.drkoop.com /encyclopedia/93/461.html (584 words)

	Health: Infant Botulism
		Infant botulism is considered to be distinct from other types of botulism which differ considerably in the age most commonly affected and in the clinical course.
		Botulism should be suspected in previously healthy infants aged 12 months or less who are constipated and who exhibit weakness in sucking, swallowing or crying, are “floppy,” and have weakness in the head and neck and in the extremities.
		Infant botulism is difficult to prevent, because controlling what goes into an infant's mouth is often beyond control, especially with regard to spores in the air.
	www.dsf.health.state.pa.us /health/cwp/view.asp?A=171&Q=241020 (1267 words)

	Infant Botulism
		Infant botulism is caused by consuming the spores of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which then grow in the intestines and release nerve toxin.
		The initial symptoms of infant botulism are constipation, poor feeding, listlessness and lethargy.
		Infants with botulism must be monitored closely in the hospital.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/954986597.html (390 words)

	Botulism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Infant botulism typically affects previously well infants within the first 4 to 6 months of life (median=10 weeks) and is caused by ingestion of spores that germinate and produce toxins in the GI tract.
		The diagnosis is confirmed by the detection of the organism or its toxin in the infant’s stool.
		Infant botulism is a self-limited disease lasting a total of 2 to 6 weeks with progressive symptoms for 1 to 2 weeks followed by gradual recovery of motor function over 3-4 weeks, as a result of the production of new nerve terminals and motor-end plates.
	home.coqui.net /myrna/botu.htm (1262 words)

	Infant Botulism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Infant botulism is an illness that can occur when a newborn ingests bacteria that produce a toxin inside the body.
		Infant botulism is treatable, but because of its severity, it's important to learn the symptoms so you can recognize it early.
		Infant botulism is treated in the hospital, usually in the intensive care unit, where doctors will try to limit the problems the toxin causes in the baby's body.
	www.kidshealth.org /parent/infections/bacterial_viral/botulism.html (609 words)

	Botulism : Fact Sheet : New York City AWARE : NYC DOHMH
		Botulism is a severe intoxication or food poisoning resulting from the ingestion of an extremely potent toxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum.
		Infants with botulism are sometimes described as "floppy" and typically cry weakly.
		Antitoxin is not used to treat infant botulism; however, the use of intravenous antibodies against the botulinum toxin may be effective in treating infants.
	www.nyc.gov /html/doh/html/cd/cdbot.shtml (413 words)

	Infant Botulism Fact Sheet
		Infant botulism is a disease caused by a toxin produced when the intestines of very young children become infected by the bacteria, Clostridium botulinum.
		Infant botulism has been associated with feeding contaminated honey (and rarely corn syrup) to infants, but not in children older than one year of age or in adults.
		Infant botulism is not contagious, and person-to-person transmission is not known to occur.
	health.utah.gov /epi/fact_sheets/infantbo.html (231 words)

	Infant Botulism Chapter for Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Disease, fourth ed.
		In the California experience, infant botulism does not have a relapsing course, and perceived "relapses" have been found to be, in retrospect, an indication either of the onset of a complication (see Table 3) or of a premature discharge.
		Glauser, T.A., Maguire H.C., Sladky, J.T.: Relapse of infant botulism.
		Paton, J.C., Lawrence, A.J., Manson, J.I.: Quantitation of Clostridium botulinum organisms and toxin in the feces of an infant with botulism.
	www.dhs.ca.gov /ps/dcdc/InfantBot/ibchap2-1.htm (6166 words)

	Botulism
		Botulism is a rare but serious food poisoning caused by a toxin produced by the bacteria, Clostridium botulinum.
		Botulism in infants under one year of age has been associated with eating of contaminated honey.
		The incubation period for infant botulism is unknown.
	www.state.sd.us /doh/Pubs/botulism.htm (246 words)

	Botulism - Infant Botulism
		Infant botulism is the most commonly reported form of botulism in the United States; in Alaska, three infants have been diagnosed with this disease.
		In the United States, infant botulism is usually type A or B. The first symptom is often constipation, followed in several days by progressive muscular weakness, poor suck, weak cry, and difficulty swallowing.
		One study (Peterson, Eklund, and Chinn 1979) has shown infant botulism to be responsible for a portion of deaths attributed to sudden infant death syndrome but this has not been supported by other investigators.
	www.epi.hss.state.ak.us /pubs/botulism/bot_06.htm (354 words)

	Infant Botulism caused by Honey - Alternative Medicine
		Infant botulism is a nerve paralysis type disease which can affect healthy infants who are one year old or less.
		Infant botulism can occur any time in the first year of life, but like SIDS it is most common in the first six months.
		Infant botulism is caused by a food poisoning bacterium, which causes botulism.
	www.bellaonline.com /ArticlesP/art8959.asp (543 words)

	Communicable Disease Fact Sheet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Botulism is a serious illness caused by a nerve toxin made by the bacterium, Clostridium botulinum.
		Botulism in infants under one year of age has been associated with the intake of contaminated honey.
		Infants with botulism appear lethargic, feed poorly, are constipated, and have a weak cry and poor muscle tone.
	www.health.state.ny.us /nysdoh/communicable_diseases/en/botulism.htm (468 words)

	MoonDragon's Pediatric Information - Childhood Infections: Infant Botulism
		The infant botulism syndrome is an infectious neuroparalytic disease resulting from the ingestion of spores of Clostridum botulinsum which germinate, multiply and produce botulinal toxin within the infant's large intestine.
		Infant botulism is caused by clostridium bacteria that live in soil and dust.
		Infant botulism may be difficult to recognize in its early stages, and even today, the most common admitting diagnosis is "rule out sepsis." It ususally displays a spectrum in its clinical severity.
	www.moondragon.org /obgyn/pediatric/botulism.html (1988 words)

	NJDHSS, Communicable Disease Service: Infant botulism Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Infant botulism is a poisoning of the nervous system caused by a toxin produced by a specific spore forming bacterium called Clostridium botulinum.
		Infant botulism typically begins with constipation, followed by lethargy, listlessness, poor feeding, droopy eyelids, difficulty swallowing, loss of head control and generalized weakness (floppy baby).
		Infant botulism is diagnosed by a culture of the stool for Clostridium botulinum bacteria and toxin.
	www.state.nj.us /health/cd/f_infbot.htm (276 words)

	Botulism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Botulism can be controlled in home-canned foods if home canners are made aware of the dangers and how to prevent it.
		Unlike food-borne botulism, which is caused by ingestion of pre-formed botulinal toxin, infant botulism is presumed to be caused by ingestion of viable spores that later grow and produce toxin in susceptible infants, mostly under 6 to 8 months of age.
		In cases of the latter, infant botulism is thought to account for at least some of the reported cases of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /pubs/foodnut/09305.html (2224 words)

	Infant Botulism --- New York City, 2001--2002
		Infant botulism results from germination of swallowed spores of botulinum toxin--producing clostridia that colonize the large intestine temporarily.
		Infant botulism is a reportable disease in NYC, and the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) investigates all suspected cases.
		Infant botulism is notifiable at the national level, and physicians should report all cases promptly to state and local health departments.
	www.cdc.gov /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5202a1.htm (1740 words)

	WHO \| Botulism
		Botulism is mainly a foodborne intoxication but it can also be transmitted through wound infections or intestinal infection in infants.
		Mothers are warned not to feed raw honey to their infants, as Clostridium botulinum spores in honey have in a few cases resulted in infant botulism.
		It has been suggested that these cases are comparable to infant botulism and may occur when the normal gut flora has been altered as a result of surgical procedures or antibiotic therapy.
	www.who.int /mediacentre/factsheets/fs270/en (1096 words)

	Public Health Fact Sheet - Botulism
		Botulism is a muscle-paralyzing disease caused by a toxin (poison) made by the bacteria (germ) Clostridium botulinum.
		Infants with botulism often become constipated, stop eating and become sluggish; these symptoms can then be followed by the more severe nervous system symptoms.
		Botulism is most often associated with home-canned foods that have a low-acid content, such as asparagus, green beans, beets and corn.
	www.mass.gov /dph/cdc/factsheets/botulism.htm (877 words)

	Honey and Infant Botulism
		Infant botulism is a neuroparalytic disease which affects otherwise healthy children less than one year old.
		Early symptoms of infant botulism are constipation, generalized weakness and a weak cry.
		Infant botulism is caused by the food poisoning bacterium Clostridium botulinum.
	www.nutriwatch.org /06FST/honey.html (626 words)

	Disease Listing, Botulism, General Information \| CDC Bacterial, Mycotic Diseases
		Botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.
		Wound botulism is caused by toxin produced from a wound infected with Clostridium botulinum.
		Patients who survive an episode of botulism poisoning may have fatigue and shortness of breath for years and long-term therapy may be needed to aid recovery.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/botulism_g.htm (1086 words)

	It's Your Health - Infant Botulism
		Infant botulism is a rare disease that can affect otherwise healthy children who are less than a year old.
		Infant botulism is caused by a food poisoning bacterium called Clostridium botulinum.
		Infant botulism is rare in Canada, with only seven cases reported since 1979.
	www.hc-sc.gc.ca /iyh-vsv/diseases-maladies/botu_e.html (602 words)

	Infant botulism (Disease) : WakeMed: Raleigh, Cary, Wake County, Johnston County, Clayton, North Carolina, NC
		Infant botulism (Disease) : WakeMed: Raleigh, Cary, Wake County, Johnston County, Clayton, North Carolina, NC To search for a specific phrase enclose that phrase in quotes.
		This is a type of botulism in which bacteria, Clostridium botulinum, grow within an infant´s gastrointestinal tract and produce a toxin which can cause a potentially life-threatening disease.
		Since infant botulism can be life-threatening, go to the emergency room or call the local emergency number (such as 911) immediately if your infant has one or more of the symptoms of botulism.
	www.wakemed.org /15915.cfm (549 words)

	Botulism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Botulism is caused by botulinum toxin, a natural poison produced by certain bacteria in the Clostridium genus.
		Infant botulism accounts for 72% of all cases, but the recovery rate is good (about 98%) with proper treatment.
		Adults with botulism are treated with an antitoxin derived from horse serum that is distributed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/botulism.jsp (1901 words)

	CIDRAP >> Antitoxin for infant botulism slashes hospital stays
		Between 80 and 110 cases of infant botulism are reported each year in the United States, making it an orphan disease, the report says.
		A botulism antitoxin derived from vaccinated horses is available for adults in the United States, but serious side effects deter its use in infants.
		In the open-label study, BIG-IV was offered in cases of infant botulism, first in California and later in other states, between the end of the randomized trial and licensing of the drug in October 2003.
	www.cidrap.umn.edu /cidrap/content/bt/botulism/news/feb0806botulism.html (636 words)

	Infant Botulism - DrGreene.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Sometimes constipation and slow feeding are the only symptoms of infant botulism, a disease that is sometimes caused by honey.
		Infant botulism is spread by these spores, not by pre-formed botulinum toxin (BoTox).
		Botulism spores are found throughout nature — in soil, in dust, and on the unwashed surfaces of unpeeled fruits and vegetables.
	www.drgreene.com /21_1037.html (745 words)

	Infant botulism and honey - MayoClinic.com
		Infants younger than 12 months are at risk of infant botulism from eating honey.
		Infant botulism is a rare but serious form of food poisoning.
		Botulism spores may also be found in undercooked food, corn syrup and even maple syrup.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/infant-botulism/HQ00854 (244 words)

	eMedicine - Botulism : Article by Daniel AC Frattarelli, MD, FAAP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Infants with botulism are afebrile, suck poorly, and are lethargic and listless; they develop the same descending weakness and paralysis that occurs with food-borne disease.
		Infant botulism is characterized by a pattern known as BSAP (brief, small, abundant, motor-unit action potential) on EMG in clinically affected muscles.
		In general, antibiotic therapy to clear clostridial GI infections in infant botulism is contraindicated because the treatment increases toxin release and worsens the condition.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic273.htm (2870 words)

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