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Topic: Infant formula

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	Infant Formula Basics
		Infant formulas have a special role to play in the diets of infants because they are often the only source of nutrients for infants.
		Infants fed infant formulas do not need additional nutrients unless a low-iron formula is fed. If infants are fed a low-iron formula, a health care professional may recommend a supplemental source of iron, particularly after 4 months of age.
		Infant formula manufacturers may have their own proprietary formulations but they must contain at least the minimum levels of all nutrients specified in FDA regulations without going over the maximum levels, when maximum levels are specified.
	www.keepkidshealthy.com /nutrition/infant_formula_basics.html (1481 words)

	Infant Formula: Second Best
		The composition of infant formula is similar to breast milk, but it isn't a perfect match, because the exact chemical makeup of breast milk is still unknown.
		However, adverse reactions to the protein in cow's milk formula or symptoms of lactose intolerance (lactose is the carbohydrate in cow's milk) may require switching to another type of formula, he says.
		Homemade formulas based on cows' milk don't meet all of an infant's nutritional needs, and cow's milk protein that has not been cooked or processed is difficult for an infant to digest.
	www.childbirthsolutions.com /articles/postpartum/formula/index.php (2139 words)

	Infant Formula: A Safe, Nutritious Infant Feeding Choice
		Choosing an infant feeding method, whether breast milk or baby formula, is ultimately the parent's decision.
		This web site is simply a starting point to answer some of your questions about the proper role of infant formula, and to provide some basic information about a baby’s nutritional needs in the critical first year of life.
		An informed decision regarding an infant's diet should be based on health professional advice as well as the parents' lifestyles and preferences.
	www.infantformula.org (357 words)

	Welcome Nestlé Baby Milk Issue Facts Infant Formula Benefits of Breast Feeding
		Firstly, infant formula is not the same as bottle-feeding.
		In fact more Infant Formula is sold in Belgium, with a population of 10 million, than in the whole of Sub-Saharan Africa covering a population of more than 650 million.
		Instead, the tackling of the root problem and proactive educational efforts about proper infant feeding are needed, as part of a global and structured solution that offers the most hope in improving infant health and reducing infant mortality in developing countries and regions.
	www.babymilk.nestle.com (895 words)

	What Every Parent Should Know About Infant Formula
		The quality of infant formula is of paramount importance in the United States--where, despite the American Academy of Pediatrics' endorsement of breastfeeding for a minimum of twelve months and WHO's recommendations to breastfeed for at least two years--only slightly more than half of all mothers offer their newborns any breast milk at all.
		WIC provides free infant formula to thirty-seven percent of all infants born in the United States at a cost of almost $600 million annually.
		One of the least publicized risks of infant formula is inescapably inherent in the consumption of any commercially prepared and mass-marketed food product: between 1982 and 1994 alone, there were twenty-two significant recalls of infant formula in the United States due to health and safety problems.
	www.breastfeeding.com /reading_room/what_should_know_formula.html (2779 words)

	What Every Parent Should Know About Infant Formula, by Katie Allison Granju at wearsthebaby.com
		The quality of infant formula is of paramount importance in the United States --where, despite the American Academy of Pediatrics' endorsement of breastfeeding for a minimum of twelve months and WHO's recommendations to breastfeed for at least two years, only slightly more than half of all mothers offer their newborns any breastmilk at all.
		One of the least publicized risks of infant formula is inescapably inherent in the consumption of any commercially prepared and mass-marketed food product: between 1982 and 1994 alone, there were twenty-two signifigant recalls of infant formula in the United States due to health and safety problems.
		The mandated nutrient requirements for formula are contained in the outdated Infant Formula Act of 1980, which was passed by the U.S. Congress in reaction to a formula-manufacturing error that flooded the market with chloride-deficient formula.
	www.wearsthebaby.com /infantformula.htm (3676 words)

	Choosing an Infant Formula
		Choosing a formula for your baby used to be easy, with parents having to choose from regular cow's milk based formula, soy formula or an elemental formula.
		All infant formulas are prepared according to FDA regulations which 'specify minimum and, in some cases, maximum nutrient level requirements for infant formulas, based on recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition.
		Infants are not usually thought to be born with a lactose intolerance, so these formulas are usually not needed.
	www.keepkidshealthy.com /infant/infant_formula.html (1070 words)

	NRDC: Healthy Milk, Healthy Baby - Problems with Infant Formula
		The aggressive marketing of infant formula in developing countries is directly related to an epidemic of infant death from malnutrition and diarrheal illness, a result of the contaminated water used to dilute or reconstitute formula.
		In fact, the concentrations of phytoestrogens detected in the blood of infants fed soy formula were 13,000 to 22,000 times greater than the concentrations of natural estrogens.
		Finally, baby formula is the product of a large, and for most mothers, unnecessary industrial process, all of which adds to pollution in a variety of ways large and small.
	www.nrdc.org /breastmilk/formula.asp (635 words)

	Infant formula - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Infant formula is the generic term for modern artificial substitutes for human breast milk.
		Infant formula is available in powder, liquid concentrate and ready-to-feed forms, which are prepared by the caregiver or parent in small batches and fed to the infant, usually with either a baby bottle or cup.
		The first formula to significantly lower the artificial feeding death rate was developed by Henri Nestlé in the 1860s in response to the high mortality rate among infants in Switzerland in foundling homes (orphanages).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Infant_formula (2515 words)

	Alberta Health & Wellness - Infant formula
		Plan to use infant formula until baby is at least 9 to 12 months old.
		Three types of infant formulas are: concentrated liquid, powder or ready-to-use.
		For infants under 4 months of age, water should be brought to a rolling boil for at least 2 minutes.
	www.health.gov.ab.ca /public/NT38Formula.html (900 words)

	An Exciting Breakthrough in Infant Formula - DrGreene.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Infant formulas have been developed to substitute for breast milk when nursing is impractical, or in the unusual instances when it is physically impossible or contraindicated.
		The goal for infant formulas is to match as closely as possible the composition of human breast milk.
		During the months when infants are exclusively breast fed or formula fed (before supplemental feedings are introduced), they must get their nutrients from what they drink.
	www.drgreene.com /21_797.html (950 words)

	Soy Alert—Soy Infant Formula - Better than Breastmilk?
		A reduced rate of growth is especially serious in the infant as it causes a delay in the accumulation of lipids in the myelin, and hence jeopardizes the development of the brain and nervous system.
		Soy formulas lack cholesterol, another nutrient that is absolutely essential for the development of the brain and nervous system; they also lack lactose and galactose, which play an equally important role in the development of the nervous system.
		During this period, the infant is programed to express male characteristics after puberty, not only in the development of his sexual organs and other masculine physical traits, but also in setting patterns in the brain characteristic of male behavior.
	www.westonaprice.org /soy/infant.html (1448 words)

	Formula and Infant Deaths
		While the dangers of formula feeding aren't something you're likely to hear in your doctor's office, the conclusions can be derived through an examination of the available scientific research on infant mortality in the United States and across the world.
		The latter studies demonstrated not only that the artificially fed infants suffer higher rates of illness, but also that the severity and duration of their illnesses are even greater when they do occur and result in proportionately more deaths.
		The greatest complications for infants with cystic fibrosis are lung infection, decreased oxygenation and malnutrition — all of which are recognized to be complicated by formula feeding.
	www.babyreference.com /InfantDeaths.htm (7046 words)

	OU Kosher \| Infant formula for Pesach
		Formulas try to simulate the extraordinary spectrum of nutritional ingredients present in mother’s milk; the complexity of a formula is a reflection of (though not a perfect parallel to) mother’s milk’s rich nutritional content.
		If infant formulas were made from rudimentary raw materials all in one factory, it would be relatively easy to know what ingredients are being used as they relate to Pesach.
		And, finally, the infant formula company is purchasing Vitamin C from multiple producers of Vitamin C. So each one of them would have to be investigated with an eye to this question.
	oukosher.org /index.php/articles/single/infant_formula_for_pesach (1894 words)

	Infant Formula
		Infant formula is also the only safe way to provide nutrition to your baby after you have weaned, if your baby is under the age of one.
		Infant Formula: Alerts, Safety Information and Reporting Illnesses, Injuries, and Problems - This site gives alerts and safety information about infant formula that has been recalled or may be unsafe.
		Infant Formula: Evaluating the Safety of New Ingredients (Copyright Copyright © National Academy of Sciences) - This book explains the need for research and regulations on the new ingredients added to infant formula in order to determine and ensure the safety of these new products.
	www.womenshealth.gov /breastfeeding/index.cfm?page=520 (704 words)

	Infant Formula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		At least some infant formula companies take the position that supplying alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid, the precursors of DHA and AA respectively, is sufficient since infants can convert these into DHA and AA.
		This situation is especially problematic for premature infants because the brain and the retina do a lot of developing during the last trimester of pregnancy.
		Twenty-nine of the infants were breast-fed and the rest were fed either plain infant formula or formula supplemented with DHA and/or AA.
	www.drdebe.com /INFANTFORMULA.htm (1547 words)

	MSG in Infant Formula
		From time to time, we are asked whether infant formulas contain processed free glutamic acid (MSG) and processed free aspartic acid — both neurotoxins, particularly toxic to the vulnerable nervous system of the infant.
		The fact that neurotoxins are present in baby formula is of particular concern since the blood brain barrier is not fully developed in infants, allowing neurotoxins to be more accessible to the brain than is the case in healthy adults.
		We believe that well designed long term studies would demonstrate that infants raised on hypoallergenic formulas, as compared to infants who are breastfed or fed on non-hypoallergenic formulas, will exhibit more learning disabilities at school age, and/or more endocrine disorders, such as obesity and reproductive disorders, later in life.
	www.westonaprice.org /children/msgformula.html (1005 words)

	Infant Formula: About the International Formula Council
		About Us The International Formula Council (IFC) is an international association of manufacturers and marketers of formulated nutrition products (e.g., infant formulas and adult nutritionals) whose members are predominantly based in North America.
		It was formed in 1998 through the consolidation of the Infant Formula Council (founded in 1970) and the Enteral Nutrition Council (founded in 1983).
		IFC members support the American Academy of Pediatrics’ position that breastfeeding is the preferred method of feeding infants, and if a mother cannot or chooses not to breastfeed, or discontinues breastfeeding prior to 1 year or chooses to supplement -- an iron-fortified infant formula is recommended.
	www.infantformula.org /aboutus.html (173 words)

	US FDA/CFSAN Infant Formula: Overview
		Requirements for infant formula are found in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the Act).
		All manufacturers of infant formula must begin with safe food ingredients, which are either generally recognized as safe (GRAS) or approved as food additives for use in infant formula.
		Once an infant formula product is formulated, current laws require that the manufacturer must provide FDA assurance of the nutritional quality of that particular formulation before marketing the infant formula.
	www.cfsan.fda.gov /~dms/inf-toc.html (249 words)

	Infant formula
		The fact that neurotoxins are present in baby formula is of particular concern because the blood brain barrier is never fully developed in infants, allowing neurotoxins more accessibility to the brain then would be the case in healthy adults.
		In reviewing the literature on hypoallergenic formulas, we found short term studies that concluded that hypoallergenic formulas are safe because babies tolerated them and gained weight.
		We believe that well designed long term studies would demonstrate that infants raised on hypoallergenic formulas, as compared to infants who are breast fed or fed on non-hypoallergenic formulas, will exhibit more learning disabilities at school age, and/or will exhibit more endocrine disorders such as obesity and reproductive disorders later in life.
	www.truthinlabeling.org /formulacopy.html (865 words)

	US FDA/CFSAN - Infant Formula: Frequently Asked Questions
		Some ingredient statements on infant formula labels include ingredients in addition to nutrients and familiar components such as milk.
		I have seen bottled water marked for use in preparing infant formula.
		I understand that oils containing DHA and ARA have been added to infant formulas for several years in other countries.
	www.cfsan.fda.gov /~dms/inf-faq.html (247 words)

	kellymom.com :: What should I know about infant formula?
		At other times, mom may believe that her milk supply is low (and thus think that formula is needed) when her supply is just fine.
		Keep in mind that formula does come with its own set of risks, and every mother needs to be aware of those so she can make a truly informed decision on whether to use it or not.
		Infant Formula: Evaluating the Safety of New Ingredients, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, 2004.
	www.kellymom.com /nutrition/milk/infant-formula.html (1276 words)

	CNN.com - Infant formula recalled, 1.5 million cans - Nov. 2, 2002
		The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has announced the recall of 1.5 million cans of powdered infant formula that may contain a pathogen that could be very dangerous to premature or newborn infants.
		The formula, manufactured by Wyeth Nutritionals at its facility in Georgia, Vermont, is sold nationally under many different brand names at retail stores and pharmacies.
		The formula being recalled was manufactured between July 12 and September 25 of this year.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/US/11/02/formula.recall (556 words)

	Infant formula: The next-best thing to breast-feeding
		Infant formula, like breast milk, is designed to be energy-rich — about half its calories are from fat.
		For infants who come from families with a strong history of milk allergy, an alternative to standard formulas is a special cow's milk formula known as protein hydrolysate formula.
		Although it's more expensive than standard infant formula, protein hydrolysate formula is less likely to cause allergic reactions because the proteins in it have been broken down in a process that mimics digestion.
	www.cnn.com /HEALTH/library/PR/00058.html (1816 words)

	Nucleotides in Infant Formula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Due to degradation during heat treatment, many infant formulas contain low concentrations of nucleotides so that supplements are added during the manufacture of some infant formulas.
		As a result, it is likely that infants receiving nucleotides from breast milk or a supplemented formula rely less on new synthesis of nucleotides from amino acids or their salvage from other cells to meet their requirements.
		However, a few studies have shown some benefits of supplemental nucleotides including the growth enhancement of babies born light for gestational age, fewer episodes of diarrhoea, improved immunological functions in babies’ blood with greater antibody responses to diphtheria and haemophilus influenzae immunisations, and changes in lipid metabolism.
	www.ifm.net /industry/nucleotides.htm (658 words)

	Horizon Organic
		Horizon Organic® Infant Formula with Iron has been in test in Washington, Oregon and California since 2003, and we are proud to have been the first to bring this organic product to market.
		We continue to believe in the importance of offering parents a certified organic infant formula produced without the use of antibiotics, added growth hormones or dangerous pesticides.
		Hain's certified organic infant formula, to be sold under the Earth's Best brand, will offer the same wholesome nutrition for babies as Horizon Organic Infant Formula with Iron.
	www.horizonorganic.com /products/infant/index.html (235 words)

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