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Topic: Infant mortality

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	Infant mortality - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Infant mortality is the death of infants in the first year of life.
		Infant mortality rate is commonly included as a part of standard of living evaluations in economics.
		As illustrated in Figure I, infant mortality is strongly proportional to decreasing per capita GDP.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Infant_mortality (771 words)

	Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Infant mortality
		Infant mortality rate is the number of newborns dying under a year of age divided by the number of live births during the year.
		Infant mortality rate (IMR) is reported as number of live newborns dying under a year of age per one thousand live births, so that IMRs from different countries can be compared.
		The term infant mortality is also used in an analogous fashion in reliability theory to describe the early failure of any system or component in a system.
	fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Infant_mortality_rate (531 words)

	Neonatology on the Web: Graham - Infant Mortality
		Infant life insurance and burial clubs cause the death by neglect of many; statistics prove that a much greater number of children insured and in burial clubs die than of those children in the same cities and towns living under exactly similar conditions.
		The factors contributing to infant mortality are so many and so varied and the difficulties in controlling these harmful influences are so great that at the present day one is forced to admit that, while the preventable death rate is very large, still among the poor there must be a large necessary death rate.
		In 1880 the general infant mortality of the United States was 246 per thousand; in 1890 it had fallen to 159 per thousand, and during the same period it is gratifying to note that the infant mortality in cities decreased from 303 to 184 per thousand.
	www.neonatology.org /classics/graham.html (5838 words)

	Infant Mortality - Fact Sheets - Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System - Public Health Agency of Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Infant mortality rates are often used as an indicator of a country's state of health development.
		Infant mortality rates - Infant mortality rates are usually based on the number of infant deaths per 1000 live births in any given year, but are sometimes based on the number of infant deaths per 1000 population less than one year old.
		It should be noted that infant mortality "rates" are actually ratios, because infants who die in the year of interest, but were born in the previous year, are counted in the numerator but not in the denominator.
	www.phac-aspc.gc.ca /rhs-ssg/factshts/mort_e.html (1665 words)

	Infant mortality: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Sudden infant death syndrome, is the term for the sudden and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant aged one month to one year....
		Infant mortality rate is commonly included as a part of standard of living standard of living quick summary:
		Infant mortality rate (IMR) is reported as number of live newborns dying under a year of age per one thousand live births, EHandler: no quick summary.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/i/in/infant_mortality.htm (1322 words)

	Infant Mortality Fact Sheet
		Infant mortality is used to compare the health and well-being of populations across and within countries.
		The infant mortality rate, the rate at which babies less than one year of age die, has continued to steadily decline over the past several decades, from 26.0 per 1,000 live births in 1960 to 6.9 per 1,000 live births in 2000.
		Infant mortality among African Americans in 2000 occurred at a rate of 14.1 deaths per 1,000 live births.
	www.cdc.gov /omh/AMH/factsheets/infant.htm (571 words)

	The First Measured Century: Timeline: Data - Mortality
		The infant mortality rate is calculated by dividing the number of infants who die within one year of birth by the number of infants who are born.
		The infant mortality rate is usually expressed as the ratio of infant deaths per one thousand live births.
		Thus, the dramatic declines in infant and child mortality in the twentieth century were accompanied by equally stunning increases in life expectancy.
	www.pbs.org /fmc/timeline/dmortality.htm (452 words)

	Mortality rate, infant definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		The infant mortality rate is an important measure of the well-being of infants, children, and pregnant women because it is associated with a variety of factors, such as maternal health, quality and access to medical care, socioeconomic conditions, and public health practices.
		The infant mortality rate in the US, which was 12.5 per 1,000 live births in 1980, fell to 9.2 per 1,000 live births in 1990.
		Infant mortality has dropped for all race and ethnic groups over time, but there are still substantial racial and ethnic disparities in infant mortality.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=4434 (540 words)

	Infant Mortality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Infant Mortality represents many factors surrounding birth, including but not limited to: the health of the mother, prenatal care, quality of the health services delivered to the mother and child and infant care.
		Infant mortality varies greatly among states, from 4.3 and 4.4 deaths per 1,000 live births in Vermont and New Hampshire, respectively, to 10.2 deaths per 1,000 live births in Mississippi and 9.7 deaths per 1,000 live births in Louisiana.
		Infant mortality increased in Wyoming by 1.4 deaths per 1,000 live births.
	www.unitedhealthfoundation.org /shr2004/components/infantmortality.html (258 words)

	ICTC \| Infant Mortality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Infant mortality is when a baby dies before she/he reaches the age of one year old.
		Historically infant mortality has always been higher in the Black community, and in some states it exceeds twenty-two babies per thousand births, meaning that out of a thousand births twenty-two babies will not live to celebrate their first year birthday.
		Infant mortality rates are higher among poor and less educated women and 2.
	www.blackmidwives.org /infantmortality.php (650 words)

	Infant Mortality
		As noted in your text, infant mortality is concerned with infant deaths during the first year of life.
		The infant mortality rate is usually defined to be the number of such deaths per 1000 live births during a given calendar year.
		Explain why the overall infant mortality rate of 7.3 is not simply the average of the infant mortality rates for the various races.
	wps.aw.com /wps/media/objects/15/15719/studies/ch2_infant (350 words)

	Infant Mortality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The states of Oregon and California have both experienced a steady decline in their infant mortality rates from a high of 38 (1945) to current rates around 7 in keeping with the national rate of about 7 also.
		Prenatal care and health education are the leading strategies to lowering infant death rates and, accordingly, declining rates indicate an investment in human capital in both the mother and the child.
		A declining infant death rate also contributes to long-term sustainability as the preventative approaches are not only cost-effective, they draw on less resources and energy to accomplish.
	www.humboldt.edu /~envecon/Indicators/infantmortality.htm (306 words)

	Boston.com / News / Local / Disparity persists in black infant mortality
		Black infants in Massachusetts die at a rate three times higher than white babies, according to a state report issued yesterday, the latest evidence of a persistent healthcare divide that is eliciting increased attention from lawmakers and public health specialists.
		The infant mortality rate for fl infants in 2003 was similar to that for white babies in the state three decades ago.
		Officials of the Department of Public Health called for intensified efforts to narrow the infant mortality chasm and hailed as a model a Worcester campaign that attempts to improve the overall health of women living in neighborhoods with the highest infant mortality rates.
	www.boston.com /news/local/articles/2005/04/20/disparity_persists_in_black_infant_mortality (533 words)

	USATODAY.com - Infant mortality rate increases for the first time in four decades (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		He calls infant mortality an important measure of public health, reflecting such factors as prenatal care, parental health, family socioeconomic status and health coverage.
		Still, the 2002 infant mortality rate — 7 per 1,000 live births — is a significant improvement from 1958, when there were more than 29 deaths per 1,000 live births.
		Most of the recent rise in infant deaths was attributed to neonates — babies less than 28 days old — particularly infants who died within the first week of life.
	www.usatoday.com /news/health/2004-02-11-infant-mortality_x.htm (561 words)

	World Health (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Declining mortality, not rising fertility, has been the cause of the accelerating pace of world population growth.
		As a result, the infant mortality rate (IMR), or annual number of deaths of children under age 1 per 1,000 live births, is considered one of the most sensitive measures of a nation's health.
		Infant mortality rate (IMR): The number of deaths of infants under age 1 per 1,000 live births in a given year.
	www.prb.org /Content/NavigationMenu/PRB/Educators/Human_Population/Health2/World_Health1.htm (1031 words)

	ABC News: U.S. Babies Die at Higher Rate
		The U.S. infant mortality rate is on the rise for the first time since 1958, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
		In 2001, the infant mortality rate was 6.8 deaths per 1,000 live births — in 2002, the rate rose to 7.0.
		Part of the reason U.S. infant mortality is rising in comparison to other countries is because while the U.S. rate has remained fairly stable, many other countries have greatly improved their health care systems.
	abcnews.go.com /Health/GlobalHealth/story?id=1266515 (677 words)

	Cuba vs. the United States on Infant Mortality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The primary reason Cuba has a lower infant mortality rate than the United States is that the United States is a world leader in an odd category -- the percentage of infants who die on their birthday.
		If the infant does not survive -- and the mortality rate for such infants is in excess of 50 percent -- that sequence of events will be recorded as a live birth and then a death.
		This does not diminish in any way Cuba's progress on infant mortality, which is one of the few long term improvements that the Cuban state has made, but infant mortality statistics that are that close to one another are often extremely difficult to compare cross-culturally.
	www.overpopulation.com /articles/2002/000019.html (633 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - US infant deaths rise for first time in 45 years
		Infant mortality has risen in the US for the first time in 45 years, new US government figures have revealed.
		Between 2001 and 2002, the number of US infants dying within their first year for every 1000 live births climbed from 6.8 to 7.0, says the report from the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
		Lyon says that so far infant mortality in the UK has steadily declined, although multiple births have increased over the last decade as more people seek help for infertility.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn4675 (504 words)

	MCH Library Infant Mortality (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		on infant mortality rates by race and ethnicity, leading causes of death, infant characteristics such as birthweight, and maternal factors such as receipt of prenatal care.
		The paper compares hospital costs, health at birth, and infant mortality rates between heavier and lighter infants from all twin pairs born in the United States between 1983 and 2000.
		Infant, neonatal, and postneonatal mortality data are presented by cause, age, gender, race/Hispanic origin, geographic region, state, and territory, and for the United States overall.
	mchlibrary.info /KnowledgePaths/kp_infmort.html (3581 words)

	Trends, 1997: HC 1.1.a Infant Mortality
		While infant mortality rates have declined for all races and ethnic groups in the United States, there is nevertheless considerable variation by race and ethnicity (see Figure HC 1.1.A.2).
		For Native American infants, the infant mortality rate declined by nine percent from an average of 13.9 deaths per thousand live births during the period 1983-1985 to an average of 12.6 deaths per thousand live births during the period 1989-1991 (see Table HC 1.1.A.2).
		Infant mortality data for Asians and Native Americans are presented from the national linked birth and infant death files in Table HC 1.1.A.1.
	aspe.hhs.gov /hsp/97trends/hc1-1a.htm (1188 words)

	Neonatology on the Web: Holt - Infant Mortality, Ancient and Modern
		The relation to infant mortality of the employment of women in industries away from their homes is a question of real and fundamental importance.
		Nowhere in the world does the problem of infant mortality present greater inherent difficulties than in New York, from the heterogeneous character of the population and an overcrowding which in certain districts is not equaled in any city in the world.
		Infants will not be permitted to die from neglect and bad feeding, nor will conditions be tolerated which make it possible that a large percentage of infants who grow up in cities live in such surroundings that health and normal physical development is simply impossible.
	www.neonatology.org /classics/holt.html (10979 words)

	NJDHSS The Blue Ribbon Panel Report on Black Infant Mortality Reduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Infant mortality is a tragedy that affects families across all racial and ethnic groups.
		Without the knowledge of the increased incidence of infant mortality within the African American community, a woman may feel that this event was isolated to herself or her own family.
		Black infant mortality is a multifaceted problem whose solution calls for many different initiatives; state government, industry, and the public must each contribute to the solution.
	www.state.nj.us /health/fhs/bim.htm (5771 words)

	Summary and Findings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The number of children who die before their first birthday is reflected in the Infant Mortality Rate, defined as the number of deaths to persons less than 1 year old per 1,000 live births during the year.
		However, the Infant Mortality Rate for Hispanics, who have a poverty rate almost as high as fls, was 5.4, slightly lower than that for non-Hispanic whites.
		The Infant Mortality Rate in America’s largest cities (8.0 deaths per 1,000 births in 1999) is 11 percent higher than the rate for the nation as a whole (6.9 in 1999).
	www.aecf.org /kidscount/databook/summary/summary4.htm (652 words)

	Infant Mortality Rate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Infant Mortality Rate measures the number of infants younger then 1 year old who die before reaching their first birthday.
		Infant mortality is one of the most commonly used variables in sociology research.
		The infant mortality rate is sometimes considered to be highly correlated with economic well being, as those babies born to more affluent mothers are more likely to see their first birthday.
	www.ssdan.net /kidscount/backgrounders/imr.shtml (321 words)

	Infant mortality on the rise in state (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		More Texas babies are dying before their first birthday, and African American infants in the state are more than twice as likely to die before age 1 than babies of any other racial or ethnic group, according to a report about the well-being of Texas children.
		The rise in infant mortality in Texas mirrors nationwide trends: Infant mortality declined in the 1990s but began to increase in 2001.
		One factor contributing to the rise in infant mortality is the increasing number of multiple births, which have become more common because of in-vitro fertilization, said Dr. Michael Speer, professor of pediatrics at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston and a trustee of the Texas Medical Association.
	www.statesman.com /metrostate/content/metro/stories/11/12kids.html (799 words)

	Infant mortality report
		Infant Death Statistics: Select a year, 1999 through 2002, choose Detailed Death Data and Statistics, and select Tables D28 through D37 for Colorado infant mortality data.
		This report presents an in-depth picture of the trends in infant mortality in the state between 1990 and 2002, including a brief analysis for each county or region.
		The Perinatal Periods of Risk methodology is explained and used to describe fetal and infant mortality for the largest counties and regions.
	www.cdphe.state.co.us /ps/mch/Infantmortality (209 words)

	CPL 19th and 20th Century: Infant and Childhood Mortality
		The infant death rate (0-365 days) has fallen dramatically, but even more pronounced is the decline in the death rates for 1-4 year-olds.
		Deaths were much higher in summer, after rainfalls and in low lying areas, all of which were related to contamination from the sewage filled Chicago River.
		A variety of public health, medical, sewage and water supply improvements had dramatically cut the infant death rate by the turn of the century.
	www.chipublib.org /004chicago/disasters/infant_mortality.html (301 words)

	Pollution particles found to have large impact on infant health
		The two examined data from the recession and found a striking reduction in infant deaths in counties in which the particulates fell drastically when compared to counties that were similar demographically but did not experience a big drop in the particles.
		They then created matches of counties where 1980–1982 changes in income and other factors were similar and compared the 1980 – 1982 changes in infant mortality in counties that had large drops in TSPs concentrations reported by the EPA with those that had small changes in TSPs.
		In contrast up until 1980, infant mortality was declining at about the same rate in counties with and without large reductions in TSPs during the recession, indicating that the paper’s findings are not due to differences in trends in infant mortality that predate the sharp 1980 – 1982 reduction in TSPs.
	www-news.uchicago.edu /releases/03/particles (931 words)

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