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Topic: Inferior frontal gyrus

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	Frontal lobe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The frontal lobe comprises four major folds of cortical tissue: the primary motor cortex, superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus of the frontal gyri, and the inferior frontal gyrus.
		The precentral gyrus is in front of the central sulcus, and behind the precentral sulcus, which separates it from the frontal gyri.
		People who have damaged frontal lobes may experience problems with these aspects of cognitive function, being at times impulsive; impaired in their ability to plan and execute complex sequences of actions; perhaps persisting with one course of action or pattern of behavior when a change would be appropriate (perseveration).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Frontal_lobe (857 words)

	Frontal lobe - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The lateral sulcus separates the inferior frontal gyrus of lower frontal lobes from the temporal lobes.
		In the human brain, the precentral gyrus and the related cortical tissue that folds into the central sulcus comprise the primary motor cortex, which controls voluntary movements of specific body parts associated with areas of the gyrus.
		Frontal lobotomy (sometimes called frontal leucotomy) successfully reduced distress but at the cost of often blunting the subject's emotions, volition and personality.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Frontal_lobe (857 words)

	frontal lobe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The frontal lobe is an area in the brains of vertebrates.
		In the human brain, the precentral gyrus and the related cortical tissue that folds into the central sulcus comprise the primary motor area, which controls voluntary movements of specific body parts associated with areas of the gyrus.
		People who have damaged frontal lobes may experience problems with these aspects of cognitive function, being at times impulsive; impaired in their ability to plan and execute complex sequences of actions; perhaps persisting with one course of action or pattern of behaviour when a change would be appropriate (perseveration).
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /frontal_lobe.html (679 words)

	Frontal lobe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The lateral sulcus separates the inferior frontal gyrus of lower frontal lobes from the temporal lobe s.
		The frontal lobe comprises four major folds of cortical tissue: the precentral gyrus, superior gyrus and the middle gyrus of the frontal gyri, the inferior frontal gyrus.
		They may include procedures such as the anterior capsulotomy (bilateral thermal lesions of the anterior limbs of the internal capsule) or the bilateral cingulotomy (bilateral thermal lesions of the anterior cingulate gyri) and might be used to treat otherwise untreatable obsessional disorders or clinical depression.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Frontal_lobe.html (800 words)

	Sulci and Gyri of The Frontal Lobe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The frontal lobe is crossed over by three sulci, which divide it into four gyri.
		The "medial frontal gyrus" is separated below from the portion of the cingulate gyrus within the frontal lobe by the cingulate sulcus, while the back end of the medial frontal gyrus and the front half of the paracentral lobule are separated by a rising branch of the cingulate sulcus that is called the paracentral sulcus.
		Behind the "subcallosal area," between the "lamina terminalis" and the "posterior parolfactory sulcus," is the "paraterminal gyrus," which forms the continuation of the "indusium griseum," a thick lamina of gray matter that overlies the top surface of the corpus callosum.
	www.innerbody.com /text/nerv78.html (147 words)

	Inferior frontal gyrus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Full Frontal Official Website for the Miramax film, includes trailer and messageboard.
		Hollywood.com: Full Frontal Film information, cast and crew, related articles, and review by Leigh Johnson.
		Full frontal Crítica i fitxa tècnica d'aquesta pel·lícula dirigida per Steven Soderbergh i protagonitzada per David Duchovny, Nicky Katt i Catherine Keener.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Inferior_frontal_gyrus.html (190 words)

	Cerebral Lobes, Cerebral Cortex, and Brodmann's Areas
		The amount of tissue on the precentral gyrus that is dedicated to the innervation of a particular part of the body is proportional to the amount of motor control needed by that area, not just its size.
		Its inferior boundary is the posterior portion of the lateral fissure which divides it from the temporal lobe.
		is inferior to the lateral fissure and anterior to the occipital lobe.
	www.csuchico.edu /%7Epmccaff/syllabi/CMSD%20320/362unit4.html (1812 words)

	1009-MAPS.htm (Iris Charts - A dozen MORE topographies) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Located primarily in the caudal portions of the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus and the rostral portions of the precentral gyrus not occupied by the gigantopyramidal area 4.
		Its approximate boundary on the medial aspect of the hemisphere is the cingulate sulcus and, on the lateral aspect, the inferior frontal sulcus.
		Occupies the postcentral gyrus and the precentral gyrus between the ventrolateral extreme of the central sulcus and the depth of the lateral sulcus at the insula.
	www.iris-ward.com /_HTM/SITE/MAPS/1009-MAPS.htm (5628 words)

	NCSALL: The Neurobiology of Reading and Dyslexia
		The involvement of this latter region, centered about the angular gyrus, is of particular interest since this portion of association cortex is considered pivotal in carrying out those cross-modal integrations necessary for reading (i.e., mapping the visual percept of the print onto the phonologic structures of the language).
		In men, activation is lateralized to the left inferior frontal regions; in women the same region is active bilaterally (data from Shaywitz et al., 1995).
		As early as 1891, Dejerine suggested that a portion of the posterior brain region (which includes the angular gyrus and supramarginal gyrus in the inferior parietal lobule, and the posterior aspect of the superior temporal gyrus) is critical for reading.
	www.gse.harvard.edu /%7Encsall/fob/2001/shaywitz.html (3054 words)

	ArcuateDiss (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This partial dissection of the left hemisphere reveals the arcuate fasciculus, an arching bundle of association fibers that courses through the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes.
		The arcuate fasciculus, a part of the superior longitudinal fasciculus, interconnects Wernicke's area (the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus that is involved in the interpretation of spoken language) with Broca's area (the "motor speech" area in the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus, the opercular and triangular regions).
		Note also the optic radiation: the bundle labeled here probably includes fibers of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus, an association fiber bundle that interconnects the superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyri with the occipital lobe; the optic radiation fibers are between it and the lateral ventricle.
	www9.biostr.washington.edu /cgi-bin/DA/PageMaster?atlas:NeuroSyllabus+ffpathIndex/Syllabus^Chapters/Cerebral_Cortex/ArcuateDiss+2 (134 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| The BOLD response and the gamma oscillations respond differently than evoked potentials: ...
		The P300 is mainly perceived on the medial electrodes (Fz, Cz, Pz), although it originates from the temporo-parietal junction and the inferior frontal gyrus [8-10].
		Deactivated regions in the Target condition, were the superior frontal sulcus bilaterally, the left inferior frontal gyrus, the right posterior insula, the precuneus and the posterior cingulate bilaterally, the posterior part of the superior temporal sulcus, and infero-temporal areas (table 1 – see Additional file 1, fig.
		The putative sources of the P300, the temporal-parietal junction and the inferior frontal gyrus [8], were only activated in the Target condition by all the subjects.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2202/4/22 (5487 words)

	Frontal Lobe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The scientists found that monkeys' perceptions of touch match brain activity in the frontal lobe, an area that assimilates many types of neural information.
		Johnson City man was sentenced to 37 months for collecting child pornography after a federal judge rejected his claim that an injury to the frontal lobe of his...
		Surgeons removed parts of his brain's frontal lobe to remove the blood clots that had formed.
	www.wikiverse.org /frontal-lobe (787 words)

	Article IS-SC-brain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Many investigations indicate that frontal lobes lesions are associated with self-awareness deficits (e.g., Jurado, Junque, Vendrell, Treserras and Grafman, 1998; Miller, 1991; Stuss, 1991a, b).
		In an examination of patients with CT/MRI confirmed focal frontal lesions, Leduc, Herron, Greenberg, Eslinger and Grattan (1999) found deficits in social self-awareness (measured with a validated scale) in patients with orbital frontal damage.
		Since inner speech and self-awareness seem to share a common neurological basis (the left inferior frontal region), it is highly tempting to conclude that these two operations are deeply linked.
	www.goertzel.org /dynapsyc/1999/morin.html (1842 words)

	Neuroscience Datasets - BISTI Program of Excellence for Computational Bioimaging and Visualization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Interictal sources for the left hemisphere epileptiform events localized to the left inferior frontal gyrus with some involvement of the adjacent insular cortex.
		In addition epileptiform spikes were also seen over the right anterior frontal lobe surrounding a lesion in the right superior frontal gyrus.
		Frontal activity as described in a previous EEG was not seen.
	www.sci.utah.edu /bisti/dynamic/neuroscience/neuro_datasets.html (351 words)

	SurfWax: News, Reviews and Articles On Cingulate Gyrus
		During a truthful response, parts of the frontal lobe, temporal lobe and cingulate gyrus were active, he said.
		When volunteers were telling the truth, the fMRI showed activation in the frontal lobe (inferior and medial), the temporal lobe (inferior) and the cingulate gyrus.
		Lying causes activity in the frontal part of the brain, including the medial inferior and pre-central areas, as well as the hippocampus and...
	news.surfwax.com /anatomy/files/Cingulate_gyrus_anatomy.html (533 words)

	Gene Expression: NEURAL FOUNDATIONS OF LOGICAL AND MATHEMATICAL COGNITION
		On the one hand, they have shown that the left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's area) is systematically activated by deductive logic, and that other activations that participate in this type of reasoning lie mostly in the left hemisphere, especially in temporal (including Wernicke's area) and frontal regions.
		Within the left inferior frontal gyrus, the opercular part is shown in purple and the triangular part is shown in pink.
		A second interpretation would be that, in line with Luria44, left inferior frontal involvement illustrates the tight links in the human frontal lobes between language, inhibitory control and action.
	www.gnxp.com /MT2/archives/000644.html (5876 words)

	Cue-Induced Cocaine Craving: Neuroanatomical Specificity for Drug Users and Drug Stimuli -- Garavan et al. 157 (11): ...
		inferior frontal gyrus), parietal lobe (bilateral inferior parietal
		The dorsolateral activation in the frontal lobe is centered on the middle frontal gyrus.
		The coronal slice is 52 mm posterior to the anterior commissure.
	ajp.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/full/157/11/1789 (6518 words)

	Abstract - Naive Causality
		Recent neuroimaging studies of language processing are examining the neural substrate of phonology because of its critical role in mapping sound information onto higher levels of language processing (e.g., words) as well as providing codes in which verbal information can be temporarily stored in working memory.
		However, the precise role of the inferior frontal cortex in spoken and written phonological tasks has remained elusive.
		Reanalysis of evidence from these neuroimaging studies suggests that there are functional subregions within the inferior frontal gyrus that correspond to specific components of phonological processing (e.g., orthographic to phonological conversion in reading, and segmentation in speech).
	www.cognitivesciencesociety.org /abstract/01burton.html (153 words)

	Left Anterior Prefrontal Activation Increases with Demands to Recall Specific Perceptual Information -- Ranganath et ...
		These images reveal that bilateral regions in anterior and posterior inferior frontal gyri (BAs 44, 45, and 47) and the right superior frontal gyrus (BA 9) were active during both encoding and retrieval trials.
		In addition, a region in the left anterior middle frontal gyrus (BA 10/46) was active during retrieval trials and showed more activation during the second time each object was encoded relative to the first.
		Ranganath C, Paller KA (1999) Frontal brain potentials during recognition are modulated by requirements to retrieve perceptual detail.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/20/22/RC108 (4017 words)

	CFIS workshop Programme
		In particular, the posterior part of the left inferior gyrus (Brodmann area 44) and the directly adjacent inferior precentral gyrus (Brodmann area 6) in both the left and the right hemisphere are considered to play a core role in cognitive tasks which require language and motor integration.
		The area was not sensitive to the same syntactic differences in the comprehension conditions, suggesting that (a) their is no common neural substrate for syntactic encoding and parsing or (b) the activation of the inferior frontal gyrus during sentence comprehension is modulated by syntactic vs. non-syntactic task demands (3).
		Broca’s region, which occupies the posterior part of the left inferior frontal gyrus, is a dedicated language region.
	www.anc.ed.ac.uk /workshops/LMI-workshop/programmefin.html (4022 words)

	Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus and Lexical-Semantic Working Memory
		Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus and Lexical-Semantic Working Memory
		Patients with phonological retention deficits have lesions affecting the left supramarginal gyrus (Vallar and Shallice, 1990) whereas patients with lexical-semantic retention deficits appear to have more left inferior frontal lesions, although there are fewer cases on which to base this claim (Romani and Martin, 1999; Hanten and Martin, 2000).
		Preliminary results from the first experiment were presented in November, 2003 at the Psychonomic Society Meeting in Vancouver.
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~pburton/Language.htm (386 words)

	Neural mechanisms of empathy in humans: A relay from neural systems for imitation to limbic areas -- Carr et al. 100 ...
		This latter circuit is composed of inferior frontal and posterior
		sector of pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus, the
		3 shows the activations in inferior frontal cortex and anterior insula, with their corresponding time-series.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/100/9/5497 (3912 words)

	Virtual Hospital: The Human Brain: Chapter 5: The Cerebral Hemispheres (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		On the left side of the brain (in most individuals), the opercular and triangular parts of the inferior frontal gyrus are referred to as Broca's area, which is associated with motor elements of speech.
		The cortex of the angular gyrus is important because it is involved in relating visual impressions to stereognostic impressions (appreciation of the nature of objects by means of touch).
		The superior temporal gyrus is continued without interruption into the transverse temporal gyrus, these areas of cortex being regions for receiving and processing auditory sensations.
	www.vh.org /Providers/Textbooks/BrainAnatomy/Ch5Text/Section02.html (314 words)

	Abstract
		The objective of this study was to investigate whether brain regions related to language processing overlap with the brain regions activated by the grammaticality classification task used in the present study.
		Recent meta-analyses of functional neuroimaging studies indicate that syntactic processing is related to the left inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann's areas 44 and 45) or Broca's region.
		In the present study, we observed that artificial grammaticality violations activated Broca's region in all participants.
	www.cognitivesciencesociety.org /abstract/04petersson.html (158 words)

	fMRI Study of Development in Stroop Color-Word Task
		Stroop imaging studies with adults have shown brain activation in activation in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), left parietal region, and left insula.
		A positive correlation was observed between age and Stroop-related activation in the left lateral prefrontal cortex, the left anterior cingulate, and the left parietal and parieto-occipital cortices.
		Young adults>>children activation in anterior cingulate and left parietal, parieto-occipital regions, left middle frontal gyrus.
	spnl.stanford.edu /healthy_brain/studies/hb_study_03.htm (333 words)

	CSU Computer Vision Group :: Biomimetic Website (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Subsequent PET studies (which imaged a larger portion of the brain) confirmed the activation in the fusiform gyrus, while also noting activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus, an area previously associated through lesion studies with visual memory [20] (see also [23]).
		Tarr and Gauthier considered the past experience of their subjects, and found fusiform gyrus activation in dog show judges when they view dogs, and in bird experts when they view birds [31].
		It is defined, however, by subsequent diffuse activation in the lateral occipital cortex (LOC), and sharp foci of activation in the fusiform gyrus and right inferior frontal gyrus.
	www.cs.colostate.edu /%7evision/biomimetic (370 words)

	Schizophrenia and the frontal lobes: Post-mortem stereological study of tissue volume -- HIGHLEY et al. 178 (4): 337 -- ...
		Schizophrenia and the frontal lobes: Post-mortem stereological study of tissue volume -- HIGHLEY et al.
		frontal gyrus, a composite of inferior frontal gyrus and orbito-frontal
		In addition, the anterior cingulate gyrus was measured.
	bjp.rcpsych.org /cgi/content/abstract/178/4/337 (402 words)

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