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Topic: Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle

	Probert Encyclopaedia: Medicine (Ili-Infk) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		It is considered a single muscle group that begins deep in the back of the abdomen where the iliacus orignates from the iliac fossa and the psoas major originates from the bodies of the vertebrae and invertebral disks from the twelfth thoracic to the fifth lumbar and the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae.
		The inferior nasal conchae (or turbinates) are the lower pair of curved ledges on the walls of the nasal cavity.
		The inferior oblique is a thin narrow muscle that originates from the orbital surface of the maxilla and extends along the inner side of the eyeball.
	www.probertencyclopaedia.com /E9A.HTM (1617 words)

	Neck muscles
		The deltoid muscle moves the humerus bone and is used to raise the arm outward from the side.
		The middle pharyngeal constrictor is a flat, fan-shaped muscle that originates along the upper border of the hyoid bone.
		The rectus capitis muscles are small triangular muscles that extend from the cervical vertebrae and insert in the occipital bone at the base of the skull.
	www.american.edu /adonahue/m7neck.htm (1499 words)

	Upper Respiratory Tract - Dissector Answers
		The anterior and lateral borders of the cricoid attach to the cricothyroid muscle, and the posterior border attaches to the inferior pharyngeal constrictor.
		The laryngeal cavity extends superiorly from the laryngeal inlet at the border with the laryngopharynx to the inferior border of the cricoid.
		Inferior laryngeal artery, branch of the inferior thyroid artery, passes under the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle along with the inferior laryngeal nerve.
	anatomy.med.umich.edu /respiratory_system/nasal_ans.html (3288 words)

	Dissector Answers - Carotid Sheath, Pharynx, & Larynx
		The inferior pharyngeal constrictor is innervated by the superior laryngeal external branch.
		Identify the ascending pharyngeal artery (a branch of the external carotid) distributing to the dorsal wall of the pharynx.
		The pharynx receives nerves from the pharyngeal plexus which is composed of branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve (sensory), the vagus (motor and parasympathetic motor to the glands of the mucosa) and the sympathetic trunk (vasomotor to the blood vessels of the pharynx).
	anatomy.med.umich.edu /nervous_system/deepneck_ans.html (4453 words)

	Med-Lib - Medical Online Library - English Articles - Oxford Textbook of Surgery - Oesophageal diverticula
		Zenker's or pharyngo-oesophageal diverticulum is a pulsion defect of the posterior mucosa between the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and the cricopharyngeal sphincter due to simultaneous inco-ordinate contraction.
		The oblique course of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle and the horizontal direction of the cricopharyngeal sphincter create an unsupported triangular region devoid of muscle in the posterior wall (Fig.
		The cricopharyngeal muscle is divided vertically in the posterior midline, dissecting the mucosa over half the circumference to prevent recurrent obstruction.
	med-lib.ru /english/oxford/oes_divert.shtml (1302 words)

	Muscles of the Head and Neck - Listed Alphabetically
		a muscle of inspiration; an important landmark of the neck; it is located between the subclavian vein and the subclavian artery; the roots of the brachial plexus pass posterior to it; the phrenic nerve crosses its anterior surface
		inferior laryngeal nerve, from the recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (X) superior laryngeal a., cricothyroid branch of the superior thyroid a.
		mylohyoid nerve from the inferior alveolar nerve, a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V) mylohyoid branch of the inferior alveolar a.
	www.becomehealthynow.com /ebookprint.php?id=923 (4203 words)

	APStracts 3:0287A, 1996. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Airflow (facial mask + pneumotachograph), blood gases (arterial catheter) and EMG of both the thyroarytenoid muscle (a glottic adductor) and the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle were recorded before and after intravenous injection of halothane (0.05 ml/Kg) to induce a permeability pulmonary edema.
		An expiratory phasic thyroarytenoid and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle activity with simultaneous zero airflow gradually took place and, by 30 min after halothane injection, was present at each expiration, in the 6 remaining lambs.
		Expiratory glottic and pharyngeal constrictor muscle EMG was subsequently present during the whole study period (1.5 to 5 hours), even after correction of the initial hypoxia.
	www.uth.tmc.edu /apstracts/1996/jap/June/287a.html (330 words)

	Pharynx - Muscle Fibers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Schematic illustration of the adult human inferior pharyngeal constrictor (IPC), cricopharyngeus (CP) and upper esophageal (UE) muscles (lateral view), showing the anatomical relationship between the laryngeal and pharyngeal structures.
		Posterior view of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor (IPC), cricopharyngeus (CP) and upper esophageal (UE) muscles of the adult human.
		Schematic illustration of the muscle block taken from the boxed area in Figure 35, showing how the inner and outer fiber layers in the inferior pharyngeal constrictor (IPC) muscle are innervated by the IX and X nerves as demonstrated by Sihler’s stain (see Figs 8-11)
	www.upperairway.com /pharynxmusclefibers.htm (450 words)

	pharyngeal constrictor muscle (inferior, anatomy) - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The inferior constrictor is most inferior of the three muscles which envelope the pharynx.
		The inferior pharyngeal constrictor acts to constrict the wall of the pharynx and so facilitates swallowing.
		It is innervated by the pharyngeal and superior laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve (X) via the pharyngeal plexus.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/67502158.htm (194 words)

	Physician Assistant Gross Anatomy
		Inferior cluneal branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve —
		Brachialis muscle — arises from the anterior surface of the humerus, from the entire surface of the medial intermuscular septum and from the anterior surface of the lateral intermuscular septum; inserts on the tuberosity of the ulna; supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve and the radial nerve
		Tibialis posterior muscle — arises from the posterior surface of the face of the tibia, from the medial surface of the fibula and the posterior surface of the interosseous membrane
	medinfo.ufl.edu /pa/anatomy/hitlist2.html (9294 words)

	UAMS Department of Anatomy - Muscle Tables
		four muscles, arising from the palmar surface of the shafts of metacarpals 1, 2, 4, & 5 (the 1st palmar interosseous is often fused with the adductor pollicis m.)
		cremasteric a., a branch of the inferior epigastric a.
		is internal abdominal oblique muscle's contribution to the coverings of the spermatic cord and testis; the cremasteric reflex may be elicited by stroking the medial thigh (where the femoral branch of the genitofemoral n.
	anatomy.uams.edu /anatomyhtml/muscles_alpha.html (11138 words)

	Lab Manual - Carotid Sheath, Pharynx, & Larynx
		Dissect the larynx, its membranes, muscles, ligaments, vessels and nerves.
		Twist the head on the vertebral column, insert a chisel between atlas and occipital condyle and pry the skull forward; sever ligaments and muscles at the base of the skull as necessary until the vertebral column and scalene muscles is removed.
		Ascending pharyngeal artery (a branch of the external carotid) distributing to the dorsal wall of the pharynx.
	www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/head/deepneck.html (1189 words)

	ORAL AND PHARYNGEAL REFLEXES IN THE MAMMALIAN NERVOUS SYSTEM: THEIR DIVERSE RANGE IN COMPLEXITY AND THE PIVOTAL ROLE OF ...
		a somatic reflex is the striated muscle innervated by the alpha
		discharges from muscles of the tongue (Miller, 1978) and pharynx
		The diaphragm ceases all activity during a pharyngeal swallow (adapted with permission from Doty and Bosma JF [1956]).
	crobm.iadrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/13/5/409 (8284 words)

	Inferior pharyngeal constrictor electromyographic activity during permeability pulmonary edema in lambs -- Diaz et al. ...
		Inferior pharyngeal constrictor electromyographic activity during permeability pulmonary edema in lambs -- Diaz et al.
		An expiratory phasic EMG of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle was observed in six of the seven lambs during baseline
		As previously shown for glottic constrictor muscle (12, 22-25), hypoxia in the present study does not appear to be a key
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/81/4/1598 (3595 words)

	Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor Activation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea -- KUNA and SMICKLEY 156 (3): 874 -- American ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Pharyngeal airway closure during sleep in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is generally felt to be due to the state-related
		muscles that constrict the pharyngeal airway, notably the tongue
		The purpose of the present study was to further characterize the respiratory-related activity of the superior pharyngeal constrictor
	intl-ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/156/3/874 (3518 words)

	eMedicine - Zenker Diverticulum : Article Excerpt by: Spencer Sincleair, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		A Zenker diverticulum is a false diverticulum consisting of mucosa and submucosa that arises from the posterior portion of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.
		Pathophysiology: Zenker diverticulum occurs at an area of potential weakness in the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle referred to as the Killian dehiscence.
		It is located between the obliquely oriented fibers of the thyropharyngeal muscle and the horizontally oriented fibers of the cricopharyngeal muscle.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/byname/zenker-diverticulum.htm (577 words)

	Postcricoid Region and Cervical Esophagus: Normal Appearance at CT and MR Imaging1 -- Schmalfuss et al. 214 (1): 237 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		At this level, the attachment of the postcricoid musculature (arrows) to the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage (stars) is visible.
		The muscular wall of the pharynx in the postcricoid region consists of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (dots) and the inferior constrictor muscle (arrowheads).
		The transverse extent of the musculature is measured between the medial margins of the inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage (area between large arrowheads).
	intl-radiology.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/214/1/237 (6651 words)

	Human Anatomy - Lab 31 Step 10 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		There are three principle muscles which comprise the muscular layer of the pharynx.
		These muscles attach anterolaterally to the skull, hyoid bone or laryngeal cartilages, and insert posteriorly into a fibrous median septum, called the pharyngeal raphe.
		The raphe is located in the midline on the posterior wall of the pharynx and attaches superiorly to the pharyngeal tubercle of the occipital bone.
	ect.downstate.edu /courseware/haonline/labs/l31/100201.htm (72 words)

	The cricoid cartilage and the esophagus are not aligned in close to half of adult patients: [Le cartilage cricoide et ...
		to differentiate the esophagus from the inferior pharyngeal
		constrictor muscle is positioned symmetrically around the midline.
		was assumed to be in the midline of the constrictor muscle on
	www.cja-jca.org /cgi/content/full/49/5/503 (1668 words)

	ANNALS May1998: NEUROMUSCULAR ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN UPPER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The UES is a functional entity that is composed of three muscles: the cricopharyngeal (CP) muscle, the inferior pharyngeal constrictor (IPC) muscle, and the upper esophageal (UE) muscle.
		For example, the IPC muscle is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus, the CP muscle by both the pharyngeal plexus and the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), and the UE muscle by the RLN.
		Analysis of the muscle fiber types of the UES revealed a type I (slow) predominance (89%) in the CP and UE muscles and a type II (fast) predominance (62%) in the IPC muscle.
	www.annals.com /abs/annals173.htm (299 words)

	Respiratory-related pharyngeal constrictor muscle activity in normal human adults -- Kuna et al. 155 (6): 1991 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Respiratory-related pharyngeal constrictor muscle activity in normal human adults -- Kuna et al.
		Respiratory-related pharyngeal constrictor muscle activity in normal human adults
		Electromyographic activity of the superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal
	intl-ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/155/6/1991 (480 words)

	Muscles of the Head and Neck - Listed Alphabetically
		HOME » The Body » The Musculoskeletal System » The Muscles » Muscles of the Head & Neck
		constricts the pharyngeal cavity and the entrance to the esophagus
		a muscle of respiration (inspiratory); it is the longest of the scalene muscles
	www.becomehealthynow.com /article2/bodymusclesheadneck/923 (4352 words)

	eMedicine - Zenker Diverticulum : Article by Spencer Sincleair, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Frequently, a posterior bar representing a prominent cricopharyngeus muscle is noted as the contrast bolus passes.
		After the contrast agent bolus passes the upper esophagus, the diverticulum is typically seen extending posterior to the cricopharyngeus muscle, and contrast material that was trapped within the diverticulum may be regurgitated back into the hypopharynx.
		The pseudo-Zenker diverticulum does not protrude beyond the expected location of the posterior pharyngeal wall, and it generally does not persist after the contrast agent bolus has passed.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic750.htm (1589 words)

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