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Topic: Inferior vena cava

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Superior vena cava

Vein

Portal vein

Pulmonary vein

Systemic circulation

Aorta

Umbilical vein

Heart

Tricuspid valve

Atrium (anatomy)

Pulmonary artery

Artery

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Circulatory system

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	Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Page 530
		The inferior vena cava, larger than the superior, returns the blood from the lower half of the body, and opens into the lowest part of the atrium, near the atrial septum, its orifice being directed upward and backward, and guarded by a rudimentary valve, the valve of the inferior vena cava (Eustachian valve).
		The blood entering the atrium through the superior vena cava is directed downward and forward, i.e., toward the atrioventricular orifice, while that entering through the inferior vena cava is directed upward and backward, toward the atrial septum.
		The valve of the inferior vena cava (valvula venœ cavœ inferioris [Eustachii]; Eustachian valve) is situated in front of the orifice of the inferior vena cava.
	www.bartleby.com /107/pages/page530.html (424 words)

	MIR Teaching file case bs123 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		CT of the chest and abdomen shows a right retroperitoneal mass with obliteration of the inferior vena cava which was diagnosed as a large cell lymphoma by CT-guided biopsy.
		Obstruction of the inferior vena cava by retroperitoneal lymphoma with generalized edema of the lower thorax, abdomen, pelvis and lower extremities results in delayed clearance and persistence of Tc-99m MDP from the soft tissues.
		Inferior vena caval should be suspected in the presence of an abrupt transition of soft tissue prominance over the chest.
	gamma.wustl.edu /bs123te193.html (368 words)

	What is Vena Cava Interruption? Filter Placement Procedure - Chapter 11: Indications and Techniques of Inferior Vena ...
		Vena cava interruption is the placement of a filter in the inferior vena cava to trap clots and prevent pulmonary embolism (clot in lung).
		Methods have been developed that allow vena caval interruption devices to be placed directly into the vena cava through the femoral (in the thigh) or jugular (in the neck) vein.
		Note that the inferior vena cava is the large vessel in the center of the figure.
	www.venous-info.com /handbook/hbk11a.html (309 words)

	The Cancer Information Network
		Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is a collection of symptoms caused by the partial blockage of the vein that carries blood from the head, neck, chest, and arms to the heart.
		A rare cause of superior vena cava syndrome is an infection of the mediastinum (in the chest), that causes thickening and hardness of the mediastinal tissues.
		Superior vena cava syndrome is rare in children and appears in 12% of children with cancer in the chest.
	www.cancerlinksusa.com /lung/svc.htm (1738 words)

	Inferior vena cava injuries - TraumaWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		IVC injuries may also be identified by following the track of a knife or bullet towards the retroperitoneum and vicinity of the IVC.
		Retrohepatic IVC injuries are usually identified by the failure of manual compression and the Pringle manoeuver to control bleeding from the liver.
		To expose the upper infrahepatic IVC the duodenum is mobilised as an extended Kocher manoeuver.
	beta.trauma.org /traumawiki/index.php?title=Inferior_vena_cava_injuries (3024 words)

	Inferior vena cava. (from vena cava) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The inferior vena cava is formed by the coming together of the two major veins from the legs, the common iliac veins, at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra, just below the small of the back.
		Unlike the superior vena cava, it has a substantial number of tributaries between its point of origin and its terminus at the heart.
		The anterior vena cava, also known as the precava, drains the head end of the body, while the posterior vena cava, or postcava, drains the tail, or rear, end.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-7628?tocId=7628 (787 words)

	Long term complications of inferior vena cava thrombosis -- Häusler et al. 85 (3): 228 -- Archives of Disease in ...
		with persisting occlusion or obstruction of the IVC and/or the
		Recurrent venous thromboses in hypoplasia of the vena cava inferior and factor XII deficiency.
		Membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava in a patient with factor V Leiden: evidence for a post-thrombotic aetiology.
	adc.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/85/3/228 (3422 words)

	inferior vena cava valve (anatomy) - General Practice Notebook
		The valve of the inferior vena cava is a rudimentary fold present at the anteroinferior margin of the IVC orifice within the right atrium.
		Medially, it extends superiorly to merge posterior to the orifice of the coronary sinus with the the anterior margin of the limbus fossae ovalis.
		During development, the valve is relatively large and has a crucial role in deflecting the flow of blood from the inferior vena cava through the foramen ovale.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /medwebpage.cfm?ID=-952827846 (873 words)

	King Edward Memorial Hospital - Departments: Radiology - Interventional Case Records
		IVC gram performed through the femoral route demonstrated complete conical obstruction of the IVC about 2 cms below the level of the right atrium with 2 cms thrombosis within, and marked collateralization through the azygous and hemiazygous system (Fig 2 a and b).
		Kretz suggested that the intima of the IVC is mechanically and microscopically damaged by respiratory movements of the diaphragm and invites thrombosis.
		To accurately demonstrate the thickness of the obstructing membrane, simultaneous catheterization of the IVC and SVC is required, but may also be delineated in the late phase of inferior cavography when the right atrium is opacified through collaterals.
	www.kem.edu /dept/radiology/inter_11.htm (1314 words)

	Role of Adenosine Receptors in the Paradoxic Bradycardia Response of Rats to Inferior Vena Cava Occlusion During an ...
		the paradoxic bradycardia response to inferior vena cava occlusion
		Paradoxic bradycardia induced by inferior vena cava occlusion and isoproterenol.
		Induction of paradoxic bradycardia in rats by inferior vena cava occlusion during the administration of isoproterenol: the essential role of augmented sympathetic tone.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/98/12/1228 (4194 words)

	Spontaneous rupture of the inferior vena cava
		This case highlights the fact that spontaneous rupture of the inferior vena cava may be a cause of massive intra-abdominal bleeding not associated with trauma or rupture of the abdominal aorta.
		We believe that there has been only one previous case report of spontaneous rupture of the inferior vena cava.5 The course of events in the case reported by Nair et al (1986) was identical though in their report the patient was younger and there was no history of previous surgery.
		Spontaneous rupture of the inferior vena cava is an exceptionally rare cause of intra-abdominal haemorrhage.
	www.rcsed.ac.uk /journal/vol45_4/4540009.htm (1014 words)

	Assessment of Flow Events at the Ductus VenosusInferior Vena Cava Junction and at the Foramen Ovale in Fetal Sheep by ...
		junction of the ductus venosus with the inferior vena cava,
		the junction of the ductus venosus and inferior vena cava, pulsed
		Doppler color flow mapping within the cephalic inferior vena cava (IVC) demonstrates two streams with different flow velocities; the one that originates from the ductus venosus (DV) at a higher velocity is depicted in yellow (with some alias to blue in it).
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/93/4/826 (4536 words)

	Inferior Vena Cava Filter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		An Inferior vena cava filter is a tiny metal device that looks like an opened umbrella without the material.
		It is inserted into the inferior vena cava (the large vein which returns the blood from the lower half of the body to the heart) for the purpose of catching blood clots, originating in the legs or pelvis, from advancing to the lungs.
		X-ray dye is injected into the inferior vena cava while x-rays are obtained.
	www.gulfcoastcardio.com /vena.shtml (143 words)

	eMedicine - Inferior Vena Cava Filters : Article by Gary P Siskin, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Anatomic variations involving the IVC are fairly common in the general population, reflecting variation in the involution and persistence of the cardinal veins.
		IVC filters are designed for their physical properties, clot-trapping effectiveness, ability to preserve flow in the IVC, and ease of placement.
		IVC thrombosis was reported to occur in as many as 17% of patients by Ferris et al, in 7% by Thomas et al, and in 4.7% by Nicholson et al.
	www.emedicine.com /radio/topic762.htm (10677 words)

	CHEST: An unusual cause of a right paratracheal mass - infrahepatic interruption of the inferior vena cava with azygos ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Diagnosis: Infrahepatic interruption of the inferior vena cava with
		The diagnosis of azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava can be made by the demonstration of a constellation of findings on a chest CT scan.
		Developmentally, the inferior vena cava is made up of the hepatic, prerenal, renal, and postrenal segments, which by vessel fusion, regression and midline anastomosis forms the adult inferior vena cava.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_n6_v106/ai_16280705 (813 words)

	CHEST: Pulmonary embolism with duplicated inferior vena cava (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		Physicians need to be reminded that such anomalies of the IVC exist and that they may influence decision-making in patients with thromboembolic disease of the IVC or of the legs.
		Transposition of the IVC consists of an IVC to the left of the aorta that crosses anteriorly to the right side at the level of the renal arteries.
		All four previously mentioned IVC anomalies may be seen with a CT scan although one may be able to demonstrate duplication and transposition of the IVC with ultrasound alone.(1) This may reflect the larger vessel caliber in the latter two anomalies.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_n4_v109/ai_18228618 (1293 words)

	Anatomy Tables - Kidneys & Retroperitoneum
		inferior suprarenal a., apical segmental a., anterior br: superior anterior segmental a., middle anterior segmental a., inferior segmental a.; posterior br.: posterior segmental a.
		intermesenteric plexus is continuous with the superior mesenteric plexus; it continues inferiorly as the inferior mesenteric plexus and superior hypogastric plexus; intermesenteric plexus does not carry vagal parasympathetic fibers; located anterior to the abdominal aorta between the superior and inferior mesenteric aa.
		A congenital abnormality in which the kidneys are united at the inferior poles (shaped like a horshoe) and migrate up until stopped by the inferior mesenteric artery.
	www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/abdomen/kidney_tables.html (3200 words)

	Quality Improvement Guidelines for Percutaneous Permanent Inferior Vena Cava Filter Placement for the Prevention of ...
		IVC Occlusion: Presence of an occluding thrombus in the IVC
		Dislodgment of inferior vena caval filters during blind insertion of central venous catheters.
		Migration of the Simon nitinol vena cava filter to the chest.
	www.jvir.org /cgi/content/full/14/9/S271 (2454 words)

	Inferior vena cava interruption...
		Inferior vena cava interruption flow by pulmonary embolism
		We analyzed our experience obtained in 20 years with inferior vena cavar flow interruption in several clinical conditions whom produce pulmonary embolism (sepsis, tumors, trauma, post surgical, collagen diseases and others) in 196 patients with 203 procedures including ligation, plication, clips and filters (31 of Mobbin
		The mortality rate was 38% in the acute period because of delay of pulmonary embolism diagnosis.
	www.imbiomed.com.mx /Angio/Anv23n2/english/Zan52-02.html (171 words)

	Off-bypass implantation of a self-expandable valved stent between inferior vena cava and right atrium -- Corno et al. 2 ...
		implantation of a self-expandable valved stent in inferior vena
		The internal diameter and length of the inferior vena cava have
		and the internal diameter of the inferior vena cava was 20.4±1.6mm
	icvts.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/2/2/166 (2235 words)

	Maintenance of pulmonary vasculature tone by blood derived from the inferior vena cava in a rabbit model of ...
		Maintenance of pulmonary vasculature tone by blood derived from the inferior vena cava in a rabbit model of cavopulmonary shunt -- Ikai et al.
		Maintenance of pulmonary vasculature tone by blood derived from the inferior vena cava in a rabbit model of cavopulmonary shunt
		inferior vena caval blood was derived from the right ventricle.
	jtcs.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/129/1/199 (504 words)

	Inferior Vena Cava Filter, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-05)
		An inferior vena cava filter is placed to help prevent the blood clots moving from the legs to the heart or lung.
		The inferior vena cava or IVC is a large vein that enters the bottom part of the heart.
		The IVC filter is threaded through the catheter into the inferior vena cava below the kidneys.
	www.cincinnatichildrens.org /health/info/surgery/inferior-vena-cava.htm (386 words)

	inferior vena cava (IVC) filter
		The filter is placed into the inferior vena cava (the large vein which returns the blood from the lower half of the body to the heart) enabling it to "trap" blood clots arising from the legs and preventing them from traveling to the lungs.
		(3) Injection of x-ray dye into the inferior vena cava (a transient warm sensation) - After the catheter is placed into the vein, contrast will be injected through that catheter while x-ray pictures are being taken.
		(5) Repeat injection of x-ray dye to confirm the placement of the IVC filter - After the procedure is completed and all x-rays are taken, a member of the radiology interventional team (radiologist, nurse, or technologist) will remove the catheter from your vein.
	members.tripod.com /Daryl_D/08079906.html (571 words)

	Case Reports
		The etiology of BCS is diverse, but many patients with BCS from Asia have been reported to have inferior vena cava (ivc) obstruction due to web or a membrane(2-4).
		At the end of the procedure the right atrial and IVC pressure were 8 and 13 mm Hg, respectively.
		Obstruction of inferior vena cava in the hepatic portion and the hepatic veins.
	www.indianpediatrics.net /oct99-10.htm (1006 words)

	Measurement of inferior vena cava diameter for evaluation of venous return in subjects on day 10 of a bed-rest ...
		Measurement of inferior vena cava diameter for evaluation of venous return in subjects on day 10 of a bed-rest experiment -- Ishizaki et al.
		Articles by Ishizaki, Y. Articles by Kobayashi, Y. Measurement of inferior vena cava diameter for evaluation of venous return in subjects on day 10 of a bed-rest experiment
		IVC diameters in the upright position were markedly decreased
	www.jap.org /cgi/content/abstract/96/6/2179 (357 words)

	Azygos continuation of interrupted inferior vena cava in association with sick sinus syndrome -- Vijayvergiya et al. 91 ...
		Azygos continuation of interrupted inferior vena cava in association with sick sinus syndrome -- Vijayvergiya et al.
		Azygos continuation of interrupted inferior vena cava in association with sick sinus syndrome
		was uneventful, as the superior vena cava and its tributaries
	www.heartjnl.com /cgi/content/abstract/91/4/e26 (195 words)

	Uterine Intravenous Leiomyomatosis Extending Through the Inferior Vena Cava Into the Right Cardiac Cavities -- ...
		Axial contrast-enhanced abdominal CT showing a widened IVC in its upper portion and a widened left renal vein with a mass occupying vessel lumen, suggesting solid tumor and/or thrombus.
		Tumors in the heart and inferior vena cava were successfully
		Coronal view on abdominal and pelvic MRI scan, at retroperitoneal level, showing a cross section of abdominal vena cava.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/101/5/581 (589 words)

	Off-bypass implantation of a self-expandable valved stent between inferior vena cava and right atrium -- Corno et al. 2 ...
		in the inferior vena cava, between hepatic veins and cavo-atrial
		valved stent implanted in the inferior vena cava was 1.0±0.5mmHg
		valved stent implanted off-bypass in the inferior vena cava
	icvts.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/2/2/166 (300 words)

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