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Topic: Inflected languages

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	Linguistic typology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Some languages that are inflected are difficult to classify in the SVO typological system, because virtually any ordering of verb, object, and subject is possible and correct.
		For example, in a non-inflected language, the subject and object of a sentence are determined by word order; in an inflected language, the determination may be made by affixes applied to nouns to designate their grammatical roles.
		In a language with cases, the classification depends on whether the subject of an intransitive verb has the same case as the subject or the object of a transitive verb.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Linguistic_typology (606 words)

	Inflection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Languages are broadly classified morphologically into analytic and synthetic categories, or more realistically along a continuum between the two extremes.
		Analytic languages isolate meaning into individual words, whereas synthetic languages create words not found in the dictionary by fusing or agglutinating morphemes, sometimes to the extent of having a whole sentence's worth of meaning in a single word.
		All Indo-European languages, such as English, German, Russian, Spanish, French, Sanskrit, and Hindi are inflected to a greater or lesser extent.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Inflected_language (1627 words)

	Celtic languages -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Celtic languages are a branch of the (The family of languages that by 1000 BC were spoken throughout Europe and in parts of southwestern and southern Asia) Indo-European languages.
		Within the (The family of languages that by 1000 BC were spoken throughout Europe and in parts of southwestern and southern Asia) Indo-European family, the Celtic languages have sometimes been placed with the (A branch of the Indo-European languages of which Latin is the chief representative) Italic languages in a common Celto-Italic (or Italo-Celtic) subfamily.
		Inflected ((linguistics) the placing of one linguistic element before another (as placing a modifier before the word it modifies in a sentence or placing an affix before the base to which it is attached)) prepositions.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/C/Ce/Celtic_languages.htm (943 words)

	Inflected language: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Inflected language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Navajo language is famous for its use by the United States during World War II as a spoken code.
		These languages inflect words to such a degree that a single word is often translated as an entire sentence in most other languages.
		For example, Spanish, French, German, and the Scandinavian languages all inflect nouns and adjectives according to grammatical gender.
	www.encyclopedian.com /in/Inflected-language.html (709 words)

	Encyclopedia: Romance languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Mirandese language (LhÃ©ngua Mirandesa in Mirandese; LÃngua Mirandesa or MirandÃªs in Portuguese) is spoken in northeastern Portugal.
		Mauritian Creole is a creole language or dialect from Mauritius.
		It is one of the langues doïl and is a regional language of France.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Romance-languages (8068 words)

	declension - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		In linguistics, declension is a feature of inflected languages: generally, the alteration of a noun to indicate its grammatical role.
		The trigger may be identified as the agent, patient, etc. Other nouns may be inflected for case, but the inflections are overloaded; for example, in Tagalog, the subject and object of a verb are both expressed in the genitive case when they are not in the trigger case.
		Positional: Nouns are not inflected for case; the position of a noun in the sentence expresses its case.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/declension (465 words)

	Polysynthetic language : Polysynthetic languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		languages in which words are composed of several morphemes.
		Fusional languages build words by "squishing" morphemes together, often changing the morphemes in the process.
		European languages tend to be fusional languages, while Native American languages tend to be highly agglutinative.
	www.termsdefined.net /po/polysynthetic-languages.html (220 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		In many languages, words or parts of words are arranged in formally similar sets consisting of a root, or base, and various affixes.
		Persian language Persian language, member of the Iranian group of the Indo-Iranian subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages (see Indo-Iranian languages).
		case case, in language, one of the several possible forms of a given noun, pronoun, or adjective that indicates its grammatical function (see inflection); in inflected languages it is usually indicated by a series of suffixes attached to a stem, as in Latin amicus, friend (nominative); amicum (accusative); amici (genitive)...
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=%22inflection%22 (401 words)

	eLibrary Project : Declension (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In inflected languages, are said to ''decline'' into different forms, "morphological cases".
		The trigger may be identified as the agent, patient, Other nouns may be inflected for case, but the inflections are overloaded; example, Tagalog, subject and object of a verb are both expressed in the genitive case when they are not in the trigger case.
		The following are systems that some languages use to mark case instead of, in addition to, Nouns are not inflected for case; the position of a noun in the sentence expresses its case.
	elibraryproject.com /info/declension.html (842 words)

	Inflected language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Often in such languages, the unmodified word root is a valid word by itself.
		On a continuum from highly inflected to highly isolating, most modern Indo-European languages lie toward the inflected end.
		Old English was a Germanic language, related to the language of Norse invaders who conquered part of England around A.D. A pidgin evolved to facilitate communication between the English and the Norse, which resulted in the loss of many forms of inflection used in Old English.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/inflected_language (732 words)

	Inflected language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Navajo language is famous for its use by the United States during World War II as a spoken code.Other highly inflected languages include Mohawk, Inuktitut and Nahuatl.
		Closely related languages tend to have many roots in common, but use different inflection systems.When two cultures meet, it is discovered that communication is possible simply by speaking in word roots, and dropping theinflection.
		Old English was a Germanic language, related to the language of Norse invaders who conquered part of England around A.D. A pidgin evolved tofacilitate communication between the English and the Norse, which resulted in the loss of many forms of inflection used in OldEnglish.
	www.therfcc.org /inflected-language-43121.html (659 words)

	Inflected language - Wikipedia
		In an inflected language, words change form according to grammatical function.
		For instance the ending of a verb may indicate number, person, time, and mood, or the ending of a noun may indicate number, case, and usually something called grammatical gender.
		Contrast isolating languages, which present the same information with word order and helper words more often than highly inflected languages do; however, distinguishing helper words from prefixes or suffixes in some languages (such as Japanese) can bring difficulty.
	nostalgia.wikipedia.org /wiki/Inflected_language (131 words)

	Station Information - Inflected language
		Other highly inflected languages include Mohawk, Inuktitut and Nahuatl.
		Western European languages generally tend to become less inflected over time.
		One source of pressure to drop inflection is the development of pidgins and creoless.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/i/in/inflected_language.html (696 words)

	Inflected Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It's best to speak of languages not as inflected or uninflected, but according to the degree of their inflection.
		English nouns are inflected in only a few forms, to show number and possession; our pronouns are a little more complicated.
		In other languages, though, nouns and pronouns can be declined many other ways -- to show whether they're the subject, direct object, or indirect object of the sentence, for instance.
	www.english.upenn.edu /~jlynch/Terms/Temp/inflected.html (182 words)

	Steve's place - Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		These are termed inflected or synthetic languages, and they usually have freer word order than analytical languages, because the subject and object can be recognised by their inflection regardless of where they are in the sentence.
		Inflected languages can become more isolating over time: because word order tends to be relatively fixed even in inflected languages, the inflections can be lost without loss of meaning.
		Languages can be grouped into families: it is clear from even a cursory look at the words for father in Latin and Greek (pater), German (Vater), French (père), English (father) and Sanskrit (pitar) that there is a relationship of some sort.
	www.steve.gb.com /science/languages.html (5642 words)

	Statistical language model for inflected languages - Patent 5835888
		A statistical language model for inflected languages, having very large vocabularies, is generated by splitting words into stems, prefixes and endings, and deriving trigrams for the stems, ending and prefixes.
		The method of claim 18, wherein the possible endings in a language are identified using a known vocabulary set for the language.
		Since current language models are trained with smoothing and actually do not have zero probabilities, care should be taken to allow zero probabilities for bigrams and trigrams in the dictionary with stem and ending entries.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5835888.html (4231 words)

	AllRefer.com - case (Language And Linguistics) - Encyclopedia
		case, in language, one of the several possible forms of a given noun, pronoun, or adjective that indicates its grammatical function (see inflection); in inflected languages it is usually indicated by a series of suffixes attached to a stem, as in Latin amicus, "friend" (nominative); amicum (accusative); amici (genitive); and amico (ablative and dative).
		Old English also inflected for accusative, dative, and sometimes instrumental, cases.
		The hypothetical ancestor of the Indo-European languages used eight cases, the above six plus the instrumental and locative cases.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/case-lang.html (308 words)

	[No title]
		Latin and Greek as highly inflected languages, with an introduction to: a) the noun; b) the adjective; c) the verb (mainly the so-called "verbal")
		In Latin and Greek, the parts of speech that are highly inflected are the noun, the pronoun, the adjective, and the verb.
		Verbs are the most elaborately inflected part of speech in both the Latin and Greek languages and are inflected according to person, number, tense (or "time-aspect") mood (or "mode"), and voice.
	ace.acadiau.ca /arts/classics/COURSES/2233/Lati-Gre/lati-gre.htm (2529 words)

	Welcome to Routledge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This book investigates two prominent issues with regard to the inflected infinitive-the syntactic distribution of the Portuguese inflected infinitive, and its origin and development from Early Romance.
		The syntactic analysis offered here differs from traditional descriptions of the inflected infinitive in that it uses a theoretical approach to propose one concise condition which predicts all possible occurrences of the Portuguese inflected infinitive within the framework of relational grammar.
		This study presents a detailed comparison of the syntactic environments common to both the imperfect subjunctive and the inflected infinitive, and examines the survival of an inflected infinitive in other Romance varieties as well as the existence of other inflected non-finite forms in these languages.
	www.routledge-ny.com /shopping_cart/products/product_detail.asp?sku=&isbn=0415971063&parent_id=&pc= (129 words)

	Computers and Foreign Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Although Northern's foreign language programs hardly rival the more established academic departments in size and variety of course offerings, computers have long played a part in the language faculty's efforts to develop innovative and effective approaches to learning.
		This aspect is particularly important in the case of inflected languages such as German, in which a mistake in a case ending can change the meaning of a sentence completely.
		German is frequently considered a difficult language, but students who use the CALIS program on a regular basis earn consistently high grades and almost invariably comment positively on this aspect of the course.
	www.nku.edu /~philos/et/springx95/lang.html (1533 words)

	EN World - Morrus' D&D / d20 News & Reviews Site - Non Human Languages (was inflected languages)
		These languages are called "tone languages," and are what RangerWickett is referring to by the term "Inflected Language." Chinese is the big example.
		Japanese isn't a language that doesn't use intonations, since people are people, but I think that it could use no intonations and, without changing the language at all, still be as useful a language as it is now.
		An inflected language is one in which subject and object words transform (usually by adding an affix) to make them match.
	www.enworld.org /archive/index.php/t-45647.html (1780 words)

	Re: SUO: Re: Logic & Programming Languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Typical examples are the comments by fluent speakers of highly inflected languages about the case systems.
		As fluent speakers of > a language, we think we understand language, but that is not generally > true -- at least if you believe linguists.
		John Sowa _________________________________________________________________________ In summary, this book makes an important contribution to the ongoing debates about the roles of syntax, semantics, and world knowledge in language understanding and their dependency on the physical world and the human mechanisms for perceiving, interpreting, and interacting with the world.
	0-suo.ieee.org.csulib.ctstateu.edu /email/msg05788.html (819 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: The Oxford Companion to the English Language (Oxford Companion to English Literature) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A language-lover's dream, The Oxford Companion to the English Language is a thousand-page cornucopia covering virtually every aspect of the English language as well as language in general.
		The range of topics is remarkable, offering a goldmine of information on writing and speech (including entries on grammar, literary terms, linguistics, rhetoric, and style) as well as on such wider issues as sexist language, bilingual education, child language acquisition, and the history of English.
		For true language junkies, this is not for the bookshelf, but for the bathroom, to read in bits at leisure.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/019214183X?v=glance (1482 words)

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