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Influenza Viruses, Influenza A virus, Influenza B virus, Flu Viruses, Influenza C Virus Influenza is commonly seen in local outbreaks or epidemics throughout the world. Influenza B infection is similar to influenza A, but infection with influenza C is usually subclinical or very mild in nature. Influenza A was also associated with the cot death syndrome. virology-online.com /viruses/Influenza.htm   (4151 words)

Antigenic Variation of Influenza Viruses, Influenza A Virus Antigenic Shift, Antigenic Drift The appearance of a new influenza virus subtype is paralleled by the disappearance of the old subtype (an exception occurred in recent times, when 2 virus subtypes have circulated concurrently) The HA antigen is always involved in antigenic shift as it is responsible for eliciting virus-neutralizing antibodies. Antibody to a human influenza A subtype was often found in the sera of elderly persons taken years before the appearance the appearance of the same subtype as a cause of pandemic infection. Influenza epidemics are responsible for massive disruption to industry, and for a significant number of deaths, particularly in the elderly and the very young. virology-online.com /viruses/Influenza2.htm   (3799 words)

Influenza Virus Influenza viruses are orthomyxoviruses and are characterized by mutability and high frequency of genetic reassortment. Influenza virus, which has eight separate segments of negative stranded RNA in its genome, is also unusual among the RNA viruses with respect to replication as all of its RNA transcription and replication occurs within the nucleus of the infected cells. Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by infection with influenza virus. www.angelfire.com /nj/inquisitivemind/influenza.html   (2022 words)

Influenza Report 2006 | Amantadine   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08) Resistant isolates of influenza A are genetically stable and fully transmissible, and the pathogenic potential is comparable to that of wild-type virus isolates. The mutants are as virulent and transmissible as the wild-type virus. When inactivated influenza A virus vaccine is unavailable or contraindicated, amantadine should be administered for the duration of known influenza A infection in the community because of repeated and unknown exposure. www.influenzareport.com /ir/drugs/amanta.htm   (2404 words)

Influenza A Virus NEP (NS2 Protein) Downregulates RNA Synthesis of Model Template RNAs -- Bullido et al. 75 (10): 4912 ... The influenza A virus NEP (NS2) protein is an structural component of the viral particle. Influenza virus, an RNA virus, synthesizes its messenger RNA in the nucleus of infected cells. An amino acid change in the non-structural NS2 protein of an influenza A virus mutant is responsible for the generation of defective interfering (DI) particles by amplifying DI RNAs and suppressing complementary RNA synthesis. jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/75/10/4912   (4025 words)

Avian Flu Pandemic: The Potential for Human Illness The influenza A virus is capable of infecting many different animals – ducks, chickens, pigs, whales, horses, and seals all have influenza A viruses specific to their species. Avian influenza outbreaks in domestic birds are a concern because of the potential of the virus to evolve into strains that are highly pathogenic, and the possibility that avian influenza could be transmitted to humans (WHO). Experts believe that an influenza pandemic is closer now than at any time since 1968: however, the current pandemic influenza status is Phase 3: a new influenza virus subtype is causing disease in humans, but is not yet spreading efficiently and consistently among humans (WHO). microbiology.suite101.com /article.cfm/avian_flu_pandemic   (745 words)

The origin of human influenza viruses   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08) Influenza A Viruses are found not only in the human population but also in various animal species e.g. Avian influenza viruses do not spread in the human population and vice versa, while pigs exhibit a relatively low species barrier towards an infection by avian and human influenza A viruses. This virus was found to be of avian origin (Schultz et al., 1991), and it is forming a new stable lineage. www.eswi.org /The_origin_of_human_influenza_viruses.cfm   (1028 words)

Influenzavirus A - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Influenza A virus subtypes are labeled according to an H number (for hemagglutinin) and an N number (for neuraminidase). Influenza A viruses are negative sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses. The equine influenza virus H3N8 was found to infect and kill greyhound race dogs that had died from a respiratory illness at a Florida racetrack in January 2004. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Influenzavirus_A   (4634 words)

Flu Biology, Influenza virus resource Influenza A virus is found in human and many other animals. All subtypes have been found in wild birds, which are thought to be a natural reservoir of Influenza A virus and the source of influenza A viruses in all other animals. For example, pigs may be infected with influenza A viruses from different species (e.g., ducks and humans) at the same time, which may allow the genes of these viruses to mix, creating new variants of the hemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase proteins on the surface of the virus (antigenic shift). www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /genomes/FLU/flubiology.html   (342 words)

Influenza A virus (IFAV), influenza B virus (IFBV), influenza C virus (IFCV) and the flu Influenza A virus (IFAV), influenza B virus (IFBV), influenza C virus (IFCV) and the flu Influenza A virus (IFAV), Influenza B virus (IFBV) and Influenza C virus (IFCV) belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae and used to be included among the myxoviruses (from the Greek myxa = mucous). Influenza, or 'flu as it is commonly called, is a very different disease from the common cold. www.uq.edu.au /vdu/VDUInfluenza.htm   (822 words)

Medinfo: Influenza ('flu) Influenza is a virus which causes a severe form of respiratory tract infection with generalised bodily symptoms. Influenza is caused by a virus which attacks our body's cells, resulting in various effects depending on the strain of the virus. Those that do work on influenza need to be given within 48 hours of the onset of the attack, before it is possible to be absolutely sure of the diagnosis, and only shorten and reduce the severity of the condition. www.medinfo.co.uk /conditions/influenza.html   (1168 words)

Orthomyxoviruses Influenza virus particles are highly pleiomorphic (variable), mostly spherical/ovoid, 80-120nm diameter, but many forms occur, including long filamentous particles (up to 2000nm long x 80-120nm diameter). The structure of the influenza virus genome is known in great detail because of the tremendous amount of genetic investigation (conventional and molecular) which has been done. Influenza A virus NS1 protein prevents activation of NF-kappaB and induction of Alpha/Beta interferon J Virol. www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk /3035/Orthomyxoviruses.html   (2545 words)

Orthomyxoviridae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Influenza B virus is almost exclusively a human pathogen, and is less common than influenza A. The only other animal known to be susceptible to influenza B infection is the seal. Neuraminidase is an enzyme involved in the release of progeny virus from infected cells, by cleaving sugars that bind the mature viral particles. Avian influenza is not a genus of Orthomyxoviridae.. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Influenza_virus   (2054 words)

Influenza - Medical and health information on the common cold and flu   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08) Influenza, commonly called "the flu," is an illness caused by viruses that infect the respiratory tract. Influenza viruses are divided into three types, designated A, B, and C. Influenza types A and B are responsible for epidemics of respiratory illness that occur almost every winter and are often associated with increased rates of hospitalization and death. This constant changing enables the virus to evade the immune system of its host, so that people are susceptible to influenza virus infection throughout life. www.medicinenet.com /influenza/article.htm   (512 words)

Influenza Vaccine | Vaccine Education Center - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Commonly known as the flu, influenza is a virus that infects the trachea (windpipe) or bronchi (breathing tubes). The influenza vaccine is made by growing influenza virus in hen's eggs, purifying it, and completely killing it with a chemical (like formaldehyde). The FluMist vaccine is a live weakened form of influenza virus that is given as a nasal spray. www.chop.edu /consumer/jsp/division/generic.jsp?id=75733   (1046 words)

CDC - Avian Influenza (Flu) |Transmission of Influenza A Viruses Between Animals and People However, certain subtypes of influenza A virus are specific to certain species, except for birds, which are hosts to all known subtypes of influenza A. Subtypes that have caused widespread illness in people either in the past or currently are H3N2, H2N2, H1N1, and H1N2. The resulting new virus might then be able to infect humans and spread from person to person, but it would have surface proteins (hemagglutinin and/or neuraminidase) not previously seen in influenza viruses that infect humans. Theoretically, influenza A viruses with a hemagglutinin against which humans have little or no immunity that have reassorted with a human influenza virus are more likely to result in sustained human-to-human transmission and pandemic influenza. www.cdc.gov /flu/avian/gen-info/transmission.htm   (558 words)

ScienceDaily: Evolution Of Influenza A Virus These results indicate that adaptive evolution occurs only sporadically in influenza virus, and that influenza virus diversity and evolution is strongly affected by chance events, such as reassortment between strains coinfecting a host or the introduction of a particular variant from elsewhere. Influenza Nasal Spray Vaccine Produces Local Antibody Response (May 3, 1998) -- A recent study presented at the 1998 Society for Pediatrc Research Annual Meeting shows that a nasal spray is more effective then shots for vaccinating against influenza. The dramatic and chilling story of an Ebola virus outbreak in a surburban Washington, D.C. laboratory, with descriptions of frightening historical epidemics of rare and lethal viruses. www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2006/12/061201110251.htm   (1489 words)

CDC - Avian Influenza (Flu) |Avian Influenza Viruses Influenza viruses that infect birds are called avian influenza viruses. Within subtypes of avian influenza A viruses there also are different strains (described in Influenza Viruses — Types, Subtypes, and Strains). Avian influenza A H5 and H7 viruses can be distinguished as “low pathogenic” and “high pathogenic” forms on the basis of genetic features of the virus and the severity of the illness they cause in poultry; influenza H9 virus has been identified only in a “low pathogenicity” form. www.cdc.gov /flu/avian/gen-info/avian-influenza.htm   (273 words)

Performance of Rapid Tests for Detection of Avian Influenza A Virus Types H5N1 and H9N2 -- Fedorko et al. 44 (4): 1596 ... of the A/Vietnam/1203/2004 wt strain of H5N1 influenza A virus. Generation and characterization of a cold-adapted influenza A H9N2 reassortment as a live pandemic influenza virus vaccine candidate. Performance of virus isolation and Directigen Flu A to detect influenza A virus in experimental human infection. jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/44/4/1596   (1321 words)

Origin and Evolution of Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin Genes -- Suzuki and Nei 19 (4): 501 -- Molecular Biology and ... Influenza A, B, and C viruses are the etiological agents of Influenza B and C viruses are isolated mainly from humans and In each panel, the abscissa indicates the year of isolation or divergence, and the ordinate indicates the number of amino acid substitutions from node (a) M, (b) M, (c) N, (d) O, or (e) M, or from (f) the earliest node of panel (b) in figure 3. mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/19/4/501   (3945 words)

A DNA transfection system for generation of influenza A virus from eight plasmids -- Hoffmann et al. 97 (11): 6108 -- ... Influenza A virus, a member of the family Orthomyxoviridae, is a negative-sense RNA virus with a segmented genome. virus and the M segment or NS segment of the WSN virus. the cDNA of the RNP-complex genes of the H6N1 virus (pHW241-PB2, www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/97/11/6108   (5041 words)

NLM Technical Bulletin, Nov–Dec 2005, "Bird Flu" Terminology and Changes to Influenza A Viruses and Related ... Major difficulties with this expression exist, largely because it is ambiguous, and because all influenza A viruses have a host in birds. Such articles are often about the general probability of an upcoming human influenza pandemic and its prevention and control. in their strategy to retrieve articles that are about a potential pandemic in humans, but do not include a substantive discussion of a specific virus or the disease in birds. www.nlm.nih.gov /pubs/techbull/nd05/nd05_bird_flu.html   (441 words)

TIGR > MSC > Influenza A Virus   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08) This project aims to dramatically improve the availability of influenza genomic sequence in the public domain. We will sequence the complete genomes of a large collection of human influenza A isolates, as well as a select number of avian and other non-human influenza strains. The strains will be chosen to represent a wide geographical and chronological survey of the influenza virus. msc.tigr.org /infl_a_virus/index.shtml   (137 words)

Development of Influenza A Virus It is important to comprehend the evolutionary dynamics of the influenza virus, which will enable scientists evolve better strategies to tackle the virus. These important reasons render the influenza virus extremely unpredictable, hence forecasting the pattern of evolution of the influenza virus is difficult, but extremely crucial to evolve fruitful strategies to contain the virus. These two surface antigens, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), are the basis of describing the serologic identity of the influenza viruses using the letters H and N with the appropriate numbers in the virus designation e.g., H7N2. www.medindia.net /news/view_news_main.asp?x=16427   (455 words)

Influenza virus resource HA proteins of the H3 subtype Influenza A virus in US from 1998 to 2002. Whole-genome analysis of human influenza A virus reveals multiple persistent lineages and reassortment among recent H3N2 viruses. Large-scale sequencing of human influenza reveals the dynamic nature of viral genome evolution. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /genomes/FLU/FLU.html   (202 words)

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