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Topic: Influenza pandemic

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	Influenza pandemic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An influenza pandemic is a large scale epidemic of the influenza virus, such as the 1918 Spanish flu.
		In a bad pandemic, some communities attempt to cut themselves off totally while others have half (or more) of their population die, and others may not feel many of the effects but may still be affected due to the high degree of illness and the bereavement felt by the members of the community.
		For example, the initial wave of the Spanish Influenza pandemic in the spring of 1918 was so mild in its effects that it received the dismissive nickname of the "three day flu." But when the second wave hit North America a few months later in the summer of 1918, it was lethal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Influenza_pandemic (5940 words)

	Bird flu pandemic, pandemic flu, Influenza pandemic
		Antigenic shift is responsible for the emergence of Pandemic influenza viruses.
		The new Influenza A virus subtype has the capability to initiate a Pandemic provided the appearance of a new influenza A virus subtype is the first step toward a pandemic provided it has the capacity to spread from person to person.
		Both the 1957-58 and 1968-69 pandemics were caused by viruses containing a combination of genes from a human influenza virus and an avian influenza virus.
	www.checkflu.com /pandemic_flu.html (881 words)

	Kentucky: Cabinet for Health and Family Services - Pandemic Influenza
		Pandemic flu occurs when a new influenza virus appears or emerges in the human population and causes a global outbreak of the disease, resulting in serious illness as it spreads from person to person.
		Pandemics are different from seasonal outbreaks of influenza because seasonal outbreaks are caused by subtypes of influenza viruses that are already in existence among populations.
		Avian influenza or bird flu is an infection caused by bird flu viruses.
	chfs.ky.gov /dph/epi/preparedness/pandemicinfluenza.htm (1669 words)

	Pandemic Influenza — Government of Nova Scotia
		Pandemic influenza is a type of influenza that occurs every few decades and that spreads rapidly to affect most countries and regions around the world.
		A new pandemic virus may be the result of an animal virus and a human virus mixing to produce a new strain.
		Pandemic influenza is likely to cause the same symptoms as an ordinary influenza, but the symptoms may be more severe because nobody will have any immunity or protection against that particular virus.
	www.gov.ns.ca /pandemic (491 words)

	Avian flu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Avian flu (also "bird flu", "avian influenza", "bird influenza"), means "flu from viruses adapted to birds", but is sometimes mistakenly used to refer to both other flu subsets and the viruses that cause them.
		As of 2006, "avian flu" is being commonly used to refer to infection from a particular subtype of Influenza A virus, H5N1, which is currently the world's major flu pandemic threat.
		Chapter Two : Avian Influenza by Timm C. Harder and Ortrud Werner from excellent free on-line Book called Influenza Report 2006 which is a medical textbook that provides a comprehensive overview of epidemic and pandemic influenza.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Avian_influenza (1006 words)

	THE NEXT INFLUENZA PANDEMIC
		Disease caused by epidemic or pandemic influenza A is unique in that people of all age groups are afflicted, usually with the acute onset of a febrile respiratory tract illness.
		The main complication of influenza virus is that of pneumonia which accounts for a large degree of the morbidity and mortality; primary viral influenza pneumonia is not a complication but a manifestation of the disease at the more severe end of the spectrum.
		Influenza A, B and C viruses are known to cause disease in humans.
	www.utoronto.ca /kids/influnza.html (1481 words)

	Pandemic Flu Information - ADHS
		Influenza, or the "flu", is an infection of the respiratory tract (breathing tubes and lungs), caused by the influenza virus.
		Pandemic influenza is a global outbreak of disease from a new influenza A virus that is unlike past influenza viruses.
		The pandemic of 1918-19 was the most severe pandemic on record, in which 50 million or more persons around the world died, including approximately 650,000 Americans.
	www.azdhs.gov /pandemicflu (1102 words)

	Pandemic Influenza - Public Health Agency of Canada
		Human influenza, or the flu, is a respiratory infection caused by the influenza virus.
		Influenza immunization, or the “flu shot,” is the best way to avoid getting sick because it stimulates the body to produce antibodies against the influenza virus.
		The Canadian Pandemic Influenza Plan was developed through a collaborative process between Federal, Provincial, Territorial, local and regional governments and non-government stakeholders.
	www.phac-aspc.gc.ca /influenza/pandemic_e.html (285 words)

	Canadian Pandemic Influenza Plan - Public Health Agency of Canada
		Therefore, contingency planning is required to mitigate the impact of an influenza pandemic through planning and preparation by the co-ordinated efforts of all orders of government in collaboration with their stakeholders.
		The Canadian Pandemic Influenza Plan (the Plan) consists of an introduction and a background section, followed by the preparedness, response and recovery sections, which are consistent with the general principals of emergency response.
		The overall goal of pandemic influenza preparedness and response is first to minimize serious illness and overall deaths, and second to minimize societal disruption among Canadians as a result of an influenza pandemic.
	www.phac-aspc.gc.ca /cpip-pclcpi (783 words)

	RI Department of Health Pandemic Flu Information
		Avian (or bird) flu is caused by influenza viruses that occur naturally among wild birds.
		Pandemic influenza is a worldwide outbreak of severe flu caused by a virus that is new to humans.
		Pandemic influenza is caused by a new influenza virus that appears or "emerges" in the human population.
	www.health.ri.gov /pandemicflu (544 words)

	Influenza Pandemic
		A pandemic is an epidemic that spreads rapidly around the world with high rates of illness and death.
		But since an influenza pandemic is caused by an entirely new strain of flu virus, preparing a vaccine in advance is not as simple as it is for seasonal flu.
		Currently there is concern about one strain of Avian influenza (bird flu), known as H5N1, because it is causing severe disease in wild birds, chickens, and other poultry in several continents.
	www.health.state.ny.us /diseases/communicable/influenza/pandemic (486 words)

	Pandemic Influenza
		Although influenza is often referred to as “the flu”, it is a specific viral infection that is responsible for a substantial number of hospitalization and deaths each winter- it is not just the common cold.
		Influenza pandemics occur when the virus undergoes such dramatic changes that virtually no one has any resistance to infection; when this occurs the number of people infected is much higher than during ordinary winters.
		The outbreak of the H5N1 influenza strain in wild and domestic birds, which began in Asia in late 2003, is being carefully watched as a potential precursor to a pandemic since approximately 100 humans have been infected.
	egov.oregon.gov /DHS/ph/acd/flu/panflu.shtml (644 words)

	First World War.com - Encyclopedia - The Influenza Pandemic
		The pandemic inevitably had military consequences although a far higher number of civilian casualties were suffered.
		So quickly did the strain overwhelm the body's natural defences that the usual cause of death in influenza patients - a secondary infection of lethal pneumonia - was often not present.
		The financial cost of the war is said to have amounted to almost $38 billion for Germany alone; Britain spent $35 billion, France $24 billion, Russia $22 billion, USA $22 billion and Austria-Hungary $20 billion.
	www.firstworldwar.com /atoz/influenza.htm (490 words)

	CDC - Influenza (Flu) \| Pandemic Influenza: Health Professionals
		Pandemic influenza surveillance includes surveillance for influenza viruses (virologic surveillance) and surveillance for influenza-associated illness and deaths (disease surveillance).
		Published estimates based on extrapolation of the 1957 and 1968 pandemics suggest that there could be 839,000 to 9,625,000 hospitalizations, 18—42 million outpatient visits, and 20—47 million additional illnesses, depending on the attack rate of infection during the pandemic.
		The primary strategies for preventing pandemic influenza are the same as those for seasonal influenza: vaccination, early detection and treatment with antiviral medications (as discussed elsewhere in this plan), and the use of infection control measures to prevent transmission during patient care.
	www.cdc.gov /flu/pandemic/healthprofessional.htm (604 words)

	California Department of Health Services, Immunization Branch: Pandemic Influenza Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Pandemic influenza (flu) is a worldwide flu outbreak that occurs every few decades.
		Pandemic flu is likely to cause the same symptoms as ordinary flu but the symptoms may be more severe because nobody will have immunity or protection against that particular virus.
		The California Influenza Surveillance Project (CISP), a collaborative effort between the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) Division of Communicable Disease Control (DCDC), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Kaiser Permanente, was initiated in 1998 to augment existing influenza surveillance efforts.
	www.dhs.ca.gov /ps/dcdc/izgroup/pandemic.htm (689 words)

	Peter Sandman Column: Pandemic Influenza Risk Communication: The Teachable Moment
		Influenza has long been the unwisely neglected child in the infectious disease family, at least so far as the public was concerned.
		On the subject of pandemic influenza, the public is still mostly divided into two groups: those who are blissfully unaware, and those who are distantly aware but not especially concerned.
		Pandemic viruses also have the ability to infect, within a year, one third or more of large populations and lead to tens of millions of deaths....
	www.psandman.com /col/pandemic.htm (17516 words)

	The 1918 Influenza Pandemic
		This pattern of morbidity was unusual for influenza which is usually a killer of the elderly and young children.
		The influenza virus had a profound virulence, with a mortality rate at 2.5% compared to the previous influenza epidemics, which were less than 0.1%.
		In 1918-19 this deadly influenza pandemic erupted during the final stages of World War I. Nations were already attempting to deal with the effects and costs of the war.
	www.stanford.edu /group/virus/uda (1856 words)

	Pandemic Influenza
		Pandemic influenza is a global outbreak of disease that occurs when a new influenza A virus appears in humans, causes serious illness and then spreads easily from person to person worldwide.
		Three major influenza pandemics swept the globe in the 20th century causing millions of deaths, and no one knows for sure when the next pandemic may strike.
		A flu pandemic is a global outbreak that occurs when a new influenza A virus causes serious human illness and spreads easily from person to person.
	www.vdh.virginia.gov /pandemicflu (370 words)

	EUROPA - Public Health - Threats to health - Communicable diseases - Surveillance - Influenza
		Seasonal influenza is a highly contagious viral disease, which typically occurs as epidemics during the cold months.
		Annual outbreaks of influenza are due to minor changes in the virus.
		With increased mobility of people, as well as conditions of overcrowding, epidemics due to a newly emerging influenza virus are likely to spread quickly all around the world and are at risk to eventually become a pandemic.
	ec.europa.eu /health/ph_threats/com/Influenza/influenza_en.htm (364 words)

	The 1918 Spanish Flu Pandemic, and the Emerging Bird Flu Pandemic
		By the fall of 1918 a strain of influenza seemingly no different from that of previous years suddenly turned so deadly, and engendered such a state of panic and chaos in communities across the globe, that many people believed the world was coming to an end.
		The next influenza strain that ravages the human population will probably not be the one we were planning to encounter.
		On the scale of a human life span, pandemic influenza is a rarity, but no-one seriously doubts that it will be back.
	www.ninthday.com /spanish_flu.htm (1654 words)

	Pandemic flu : The Department of Health - P&G: Emergency planning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Outlines UK plans for responding to an influenza pandemic, based on the framework recommended by the World Health Organization for national pandemic plans.
		Key facts on pandemic influenza, its causes, and preparations for it.
		This leaflet describes pandemic flu, the risk of it occurring in this country, what makes it different from the ‘ordinary’ flu we get every winter, and what the UK is doing to prepare for a possible influenza pandemic.
	www.dh.gov.uk /PolicyAndGuidance/EmergencyPlanning/PandemicFlu/fs/en (737 words)

	The Coming Influenza Pandemic?
		It is perhaps not surprising that a human case (or cases) of H5N1 avian influenza was not recognised in 2003 when the concern was containment of the novel SARS-associated virus.
		Switzerland is ordering 8 million "pre pandemic" doses of flu vaccine, which will be mis matched, but may slow down a pandemic.
		She is giving a talk in Fond du Lac, WI, on a local perspective on the 1918 pandemic, as part of a local effort to educate on H5N1.
	influenzapandemic.blogspot.com (3854 words)

	Influenza A (H5N1): Will It Be the Next Pandemic Influenza? Are We Ready? -- Bartlett and Hayden 143 (6): 460 -- Annals ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Pandemic threat posed by avian influenza A viruses.
		Responsiveness to a pandemic alert: use of reverse genetics for rapid development of influenza vaccines.
		Efficacy of zanamivir against avian influenza A viruses that possess genes encoding H5N1 internal proteins and are pathogenic in mammals.
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/full/143/6/460 (1815 words)

	CIDRAP >> Pandemic Influenza
		IOM assesses reuse of masks in flu pandemic
		Influenza in 1918: recollections of the epidemic in Philadelphia
		Pandemic influenza: a potential role for statins in treatment and prophylaxis
	www.cidrap.umn.edu /cidrap/content/influenza/panflu (445 words)

	Pandemic Preparedness
		An influenza pandemic occurs when a highly contagious strain of the influenza virus emerges, affecting millions of people around the world.
		Preparing for an influenza pandemic requires support and collaboration from multiple partners at the state, local, and federal level.
		With this in mind, the WHO has advised all countries to stock up on the only known medicine to be effective against Influenza that is Tamiflu(active ingredient: Oseltamivir) developed by the Swiss Pharmaceutical company Roche.
	www.checkflu.com /pandemic_preparedness.html (180 words)

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