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Topic: Influenzavirus A

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		Avian influenza viruses compose the Influenzavirus A genus of the Orthomyxoviridae family and are negative sense, single-stranded, segmented RNA viruses.
		All avian influenza (AI) viruses are type A influenzavirus in the virus family of Orthomyxoviridae and all known strains of influenza A virus infect birds.
		Influenzavirus type A is subdivided into subtypes based on hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) protein spikes from the central virus core.
	www.privathealthcaregroup.com /avianflu.htm (1478 words)

	Influenzavirus A - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Influenzavirus A is a genus of the family of viruses called Orthomyxoviridae.
		The avian influenzavirus subtypes that have been confirmed in humans, ordered by the number of known human deaths, are: H1N1 caused Spanish flu, H2N2 caused Asian Flu, H3N2 caused Hong Kong Flu, H5N1 is the current pandemic threat, H7N7, H9N2, H7N2, H7N3.
		All avian influenza (AI) viruses are type A influenza virus in the virus family of Orthomyxoviridae and all known strains of influenza A virus infect birds.
	www.pakistangrid.com /mediawiki/index.php/Avian_influenza (2406 words)

	Spotlight: The Spread of Avian Influenzavirus H5N1, 2005
		Several days earlier H5N1 strain of avian influenzavirus was confirmed in birds in the Danube Delta in Romania and also on a farm in Turkey.
		Influenzavirus is transmitted by direct contact with respiratory secretions and faeces, where the virus can survive for long periods, especially in water at low temperatures.
		Immunohistochemically, influenzavirus antigens were detected often in the liver and spleen, heart, intestine, gizzard, proventriculus, and oviduct.
	www.animalscience.com /uploads/articles/ASSpotlight_AvianFlu.htm (5226 words)

	Orthomyxoviridae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The orthomyxovirus family consists of 5 genera: Influenzavirus A, Influenzavirus B, Influenzavirus C, Isavirus, and Thogotovirus.
		Influenzavirus A is not the same as "avian influenza": the former is a genus of viruses, the latter is an illness.
		In phylogenetics based taxonomy the "RNA viruses" includes the "negative-sense ssRNA viruses" which includes the Order "Mononegavirales" which includes the Family "Orthomyxoviridae" which includes the Genus "Influenzavirus A" which includes the Type Species "Influenza A virus".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Orthomyxoviridae (819 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The alignment between influenzavirus N and parainfluenza HN could not be generated using only the computer but had to be performed visually, because none of the cysteine residues matches between influenza and parainfluenzaviruses.
		in influenzavirus N and morbillivirus H, but even this bridge is not structurally similar because in N the start of S2 is connected to the end of S3 although in H, the end of S2 is connected to the start of S3.
		Thus, it is possible that the neuraminidase gene was introduced in influenzavirus before the diversification of type A and B and the gene was introduced in paramyxovirinae before the diversification of respiro, rubula and morbilli viruses.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=99/02695.990121&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (9328 words)

	NEJM studies and editorial concerning infant flu vaccination
		Using the differences in the rates of these events when influenzavirus was circulating and the rates from November through April when there was no influenza in the community, we calculated morbidity attributable to influenza.
		In winter, 10 to 30 percent of the excess number of courses of antibiotics occurred during periods when influenzavirus was circulating.
		We calculated the rates of hospitalization for acute respiratory disease, excess rates attributable to influenzavirus, and incidence-rate ratios for all infants and children younger than 18 years of age who were enrolled in either the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program of Northern California or the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound.
	www.vaccinationnews.com /Scandals/June_28_02/NEJMStudies&Editorial.htm (615 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Migratory birds such as terns and ducks may be important to the spread of new subtypes of the virus to new geographical locations and to new hosts, including humans.
		An influenzavirus normally found in shearwaters (pelagic birds) off Australia has caused illness in domestic turkeys in California.
		Influenzavirus H5 does not appear to spread from human to human.
	occawlonline.pearsoned.com /bookbind/pubbooks/tfc/medialib/MMWR/flu1.html (417 words)

	What is Avian Flu? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		) - Avian influenza (also known as bird flu, avian flu, influenzavirus A, type A flu, or genus A flu) is a type of influenza virus that is hosted by birds, but may infect several species of mammals.
		It was first identified in Italy in the early 1900s and is now known to exist worldwide.
		A strain of the H5N1-type of avian influenza that emerged in 1997 has been identified as the most likely source of a future influenza pandemic.
	www.juiceenewsdaily.com /1105/news/flu.html?1130858358203 (207 words)

	Respiratory Tract Infections
		A particular strain of influenzavirus A will be designated by the H and the N alleles it possesses.
		In a given year, there is usually only one or two strains of influenzavirus A in circulation and this is usually stable for a few years.
		Influenzavirus infects the respiratory epithelium and it leads to the destruction of the epithelium.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~johnb/micro/medmicro/medmicro.15.html (2301 words)

	Avian influenzavirus
		Influenzavirus are 80-120 nm diameter, segmented RNA viruses, with a helical symmetry.
		Influenzavirus can be classified into two groups (A and C).
		Influenzavirus has a high rate of genetic recombination meaning that new serological and pathological subtypes frequently appear.
	www.avianbiotech.com /Diseases/influenza.htm (463 words)

	Bedside Diagnosis of Influenzavirus Infections in Hospitalized Children -- Poehling et al. 110 (1): 83 -- Pediatrics
		Bedside Diagnosis of Influenzavirus Infections in Hospitalized Children -- Poehling et al.
		influenzavirus was identified in at least 2 viral cultures at
		Efficacy and safety of the neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir in the treatment of influenzavirus infections.
	pediatrics.aappublications.org /cgi/content/full/110/1/83 (3808 words)

	Influenzavirus A - Psychology Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Influenzavirus A is a genus of a family of viruses called Orthomyxoviridae in virus classification.
		Influenzavirus A has only one species in it; that species is called "influenza A virus".
		It is hosted by birds, but may infect several species of mammals.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Avian_influenza (2812 words)

	Preparing for the Next Pandemic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		During a typical year in the United States, 30,000 to 50,000 persons die as a result of influenzavirus infection, and the global death toll is about 20 to 30 times as high as the toll in this country.
		Our goal should be to develop a new cell-culture?based vaccine that includes antigens that are present in all subtypes of influenzavirus, that do not change from year to year, and that can be made available to the entire world population.
		The key element in generating the storm is an uncontrolled exuberant immune response to the virus, in which there is an outpouring of proinflammatory cytokines and chemoattractants.
	discuss.agonist.org /yabbse/index.php?board=6;action=display;threadid=21412 (3743 words)

	Manual of standards for diagnostic tests and vaccines, 4th edition, 2000
		Diagnosis of influenzavirus infections is based on virus isolation from horses with acute respiratory illness, or on the demonstration of increased antibody titres in paired sera taken in the acute and convalescent stages of the disease.
		Serological tests: Diagnosis of influenzavirus infections can usually only be accomplished by tests on paired sera; the first sample should be taken as soon as possible after the onset of clinical signs, and the second approximately 2 weeks later.
		Equine influenza is caused by two subtypes: subtype 1 (H7N7) and subtype 2 (H3N8) of influenza A viruses of the genus Influenzavirus A, B, of the family Orthomyxoviridae.
	www.oie.int /fr/normes/mmanual/ancien_manuel/A_00073.htm (7064 words)

	H5N1 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In phylogenetics based taxonomy the "RNA viruses" includes the "negative-sense ssRNA viruses" which includes the Order "Mononegavirales" which includes the Family "Orthomyxoviridae" which contains five genera, classified by variations in nucleoprotein (NP and M) antigens.
		One of these is the Genus "Influenzavirus A" which consists of a single species (or "type species") called "Influenza A virus" (AI) and one of its subtypes is H5N1.
		This segmentation of the influenza genome facilitates genetic recombination by segment reassortment in hosts who are infected with two different influenza viruses at the same time
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Asian_bird_flu (4739 words)

	NDI Terminology - influenza virus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Any of a group of orthomyxoviruses that cause influenza, including at least three serotypes: Influenzavirus A, Influenzavirus B, and Influenzavirus C.
		Antigenic variants are classified on the basis of their surface antigens (hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) as H1N1, H2N2, etc. Serotype A viruses are subject to major antigenic changes (antigenic shifts) as well as minor gradual antigenic changes (antigenic drift) and cause the major pandemics.
		Serotype C viruses appear to be antigenically stable and cause only sporadic disease.
	www.ndif.org /Terms/influenza_virus.html (91 words)

	MCH Alert - 1/28/00 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		One study examined Medicaid records in Tennessee from 1973 to 1993, finding that healthy children under one year of age are hospitalized for influenza at rates similar to adults at high risk for the flu.
		It points out that though influenzavirus is the only respiratory virus for which we have a licensed vaccine, inactivated influenza vaccines are not licensed for use in infants under six months of age and the degree of protection that the vaccination can offer children under three has not been well studied.
		In addition to the logistical challenges of adding another vaccine to the current immunization schedule for infants and toddlers, the editorial discusses limitations of the studies regarding whether the hospitalizations and outcomes attributed to influenza were adequately distinguished from the effects of other respiratory viruses that often coincide with influenza in the winter.
	www.mchlibrary.info /Alert/alert012800.htm (2430 words)

	Bird Flu Wiki - Bird Flu Information - Bird Flu Vaccine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The annual flu (also called "seasonal flu" or "human flu") kills an estimated 36,000 people in the United States each year.
		The annually updated trivalent flu vaccine consists of hemagglutinin (HA) surface glycoprotein components from influenza H3N2, H1N1, and Influenzavirus BB influenza viruses.
		All avian influenza (AI) viruses are type A influenza virus in the virus family of Orthomyxoviridae and all known strain (biology)strains of influenza A virus infect birds.
	www.birdfluwiki.com (2726 words)

	Avian influenzavirus: Are we prepared? -- 172 (8): 965 -- Canadian Medical Association Journal
		influenzavirus reported since January 2004 have involved people
		avian influenzavirus is rare, but when it does occur it likely
		Fear of a pandemic arises because this virus is highly pathogenic
	www.cmaj.ca /cgi/content/full/172/8/965 (622 words)

	Warning - H5N1 Type A Influenza Pandemic Likely Coming
		H5N1 avian influenza virus is considered to be a type of "Influenzavirus Type A."
		Other strains of Influenzavirus Type A have made their way into the human population from birds and/or intermediate species, e.g., swine, and have achieved sustained human-to-human transmission.
		More well known examples of Type A flu pandemics in the human population include the 1968 Hong Kong flu...
	www.rense.com /general62/pand.htm (551 words)

	avian influenzavirus
		The resource contains press releases, circulars, FAQs, and is continually being updated to reflect current activities and research around this topical issue within this geographical region.
		Please note that New Zealand is free of avian influenza (December 2005) and this resource has a New Zealand focus.
		Many of the documents are available in PDF (requiring Adobe Acrobat Reader) and documents available include questions and answers, trader information notes, reports, contingency plan, and the full-text of "The Avian Influenza Directive" published by the European Union in December 2005.
	vetgate.ac.uk /browse/cabi/detail/7949a4a9b18dcb8cd27c0601bf2b0fe9.html (1922 words)

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