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Topic: Informal social control

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	Social control - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Social control is present in all societies, if only in the control mechanisms used to prevent its establishment in anarchic situations.
		Informal social control is exercised by a society without explicitly stating these rules and is expressed through custom, norms, and mores using informal sanctions such as criticism, disapproval, guilt and shaming.
		In democratic societies the goals and mechanisms of social control are determined through legislation by elected representatives and thus enjoy a measure of support from the population and voluntary compliance.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Social_control (503 words)

	Social control Article, Socialcontrol Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It may also designate the processes of informal social control such as custom and formal social control such as law of deviant behavior whichfalls beyond the bounds set by socialnorms.
		Informal social control isexercised by a society without explicitly stating these rules and is expressed through custom, norms, and mores using informal sanctions such as criticism, disapproval, guilt and shaming.
		In democratic societies the goals and mechanisms of social control aredetermined through legislation by elected representatives and thus enjoy a measure of support from the population andvoluntary compliance.
	www.anoca.org /mechanisms/informal/social_control.html (367 words)

	Document
		Using the organizing concepts of social support and informal social controls, the article examines theory and research on the connections between economic inequality and social exclusion, the close-in institutions of family and community, and violent youth crime.
		Informal social control involves all the sanctions and constraints used in an effort to control another individual's behavior (to make him or her conform to social norms) that fall outside of formal, legal, and bureaucratic systems.
		Social groups such as intact nuclear and extended families, wellintegrated neighborhoods, stable communities, and even nation-states are the sites for the development of social capital in individuals that provides them with the resources and capacities to achieve group and individual goals.
	www.umich.edu /~psycours/561/kramer.htm (6485 words)

	The Invisibilities of Social Control (Mathieu Deflem)
		Social control is expected to move extensively and deeply into all domains of society, so that the boundaries between private and public, formal and informal and, metaphorically, between prison and community are progressively broken down.
		His analysis of irony in police controls of mass behavior transgresses a too narrowly conceived notion of interactional social controlling (as in labeling theory) by attending to the dynamic interplay of the police and the controlled in the disturbance situation (cf., Marx, 1981: 240242).
		Even when social control is studied as an essentialist category (that is with little, if any, regard to the behavior it is intended to regulate), it can best be understood as just one construction of reality (though, as Marx demonstrates, one with overwhelming consequences, especially when "officialized" by legal regulations).
	www.cla.sc.edu /socy/faculty/deflem/zmarx.htm (5869 words)

	Informal social control - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Informal social control is exercised by a society without explicitly stating these rules.
		Informal social control often works by getting people to form associatons between actions in conformity with social norms, and people with desirable or undesirable character traits.
		For instance, a television commercial might portray an attractive, confident man paying with his credit card, while a less appealing character discovers he doesn't have enough cash to pay for the items he's trying to buy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Informal_social_control (153 words)

	For: Lisa Broidy
		He asserts that in order for informal social control to be successful the individual must have strong interdependence and exist in a communitarian environment.
		When a social group acknowledges that a deviant behavior has occurred but doesn’t stigmatize the deviant it is able to maintain its moral standard and reintegrate the deviant as a productive member of the group.
		Since she is highly interdependent and lives in a communitarian environment with her family and friends informal social control is a better method of correction.
	www.swheath.com /doc/soc313.1.htm (1208 words)

	Crime and Justice Abstracts: Vol. 8 (1987) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A macro-level social control model is presented that focuses on the consequences for formal and informal social control of police aggressiveness, jail incarceration risk, state incarceration, and family structure.
		Controlling for known determinants of crime rates such as poverty, inequality, and racial composition, the general question posed is, Do variations in criminal justice sanctions and the structural arrangement of families influence criminal behavior?
		To disentangle possible confounding effects of city composition in terms of demographic attributes, crime rates were disaggregated by age, race, and sex of offender.
	www.journals.uchicago.edu /CJ/abstracts/CJv8p271abstract.html (301 words)

	[No title]
		Second, people who believe in the legitimacy of social control mechanisms will be more likely to support those controls through their behavior, while people who do not will tend to be alienated from those structures and therefore be less likely to support them.
		People who believe their neighbors are unlikely to engage in informal social control will feel less inclined to engage in informal social control themselves, and people whose evaluations of formal social control are negative will feel less incentive to obey laws.
		Specific areas to be studied include the process by which informal social control fails and crime flourishes and the impacts of incarceration on women remaining in the community, particularly those with children, in neighborhoods with high incarceration rates.
	ncjrs.org /txtfiles1/fs000243.txt (1832 words)

	Deviance and Social Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		social workers, psychiatrists, truant officers, and representatives, functionaries and officers of mental hospitals, civil courts, social welfare offices, unemployment offices, departments of motor vehicles, and public schools.
		It is informal social control the is exercised the most, not representatives of bureaucratic organizations.
		Problem is the place of informal control as the "foundation" of social life not being clearly part of the control perspective.
	www.umsl.edu /~rkeel/200/socialcontrol.htm (770 words)

	WCR V6n1 Triplett
		Social capital is defined as "the set of resources that inhere in family and community social organization and that are useful for the cognitive or social development of a child or young person" (Coleman 1990: 300) that can be "accessed and/or mobilized for purpose of action" (Lin 2001: 25).
		Social control is expected to be highest and crime rates lowest in neighborhoods where both ability and willingness are high.
		Social control is expected to be lowest and crime rates highest in neighborhoods where both ability and willingness are low.
	wcr.sonoma.edu /v6n1/triplett.htm (8786 words)

	Control Theory
		Control theory is a general name given to those approaches to crime that rather than seeking to explain why people commit crimes instead ask why it is that people do not commit crime.
		These informal social controls are interesting because they are viewed as capable of preventing people committing crime despite the fact that it is possible for them to do so and probably get away with it.
		The family connection became important in the history of control theory because it was suitable as a device to explain both personal and social forms of control.
	www.homestead.com /rouncefield/files/a_soc_dev_15.htm (1196 words)

	Intimate partner violence against women and the social environment: Testing social disorganization and feminist theories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		When social cohesion lessens, informal social control over deviant behavior is reduced, increasing the community’s average level of deviant, or non-normative, behavior.
		Empirical tests of social disorganization theory appear to assume a shared or invariant value system at the community level, which may be an appropriate assumption as applied to behaviors such as general crime and violence.
		As applied to IPV, feminist theory suggests that it is unsafe to assume that communities or individuals uniformly consider IPV to be the appropriate target of informal social control, the mechanism by which deviant or non-normative behaviors are contained.
	apha.confex.com /apha/132am/techprogram/paper_80601.htm (414 words)

	NCJRS Abstract - National Criminal Justice Reference Service
		This document examines the role of culture in a community-level model of informal social control, including neighborhoods known to be associated with high levels of drug activity.
		These factors are important because they affect social ties within the community, which are the foundation for community informal social control.
		Neighborhoods that are high in poverty and low in social ties are less likely to perceive a high level of agreement with conventional values within their neighborhoods, an indicator of weak culture.
	www.ncjrs.gov /App/Publications/Abstract.aspx?ID=200609 (411 words)

	Incarceration, Reentry, and Social Capital: Social Networks in the Balance
		Working from a social disorganization theory framework, we argued that coercive mobility (the dual processes of incarceration and reentry) disrupts the social networks which are the basis of informal social control.
		Social capital is important for neighborhoods because it is the resource residents need to realize their collective goals: reduced crime, increased supervision of children, the accumulation of new resources, etc.
		Social capital, in this view, is the resource potential or capacity for action produced by personal and organizational networks, whereas collective efficacy is the process of activating or converting social ties to achieve desired outcomes (Sampson, Morenoff and Earls 1999).
	aspe.hhs.gov /hsp/prison2home02/Rose.htm (6657 words)

	[No title]
		Set within a Social Disorganization framework, the underlying assumption of this study is that removing (and returning) large numbers of residents through incarceration is a form of residential mobility which can damage local network structures and undermine informal control.
		It is clear from a string of studies that informal social control has important impact upon crime rates at the neighborhood level.
		In their important clarification of the systemic nature of social ecological models, however, Bursik and Grasmick (1993) point out that social disorganization theory may be specified as a theory both of formal and informal social control.
	www.jrn.columbia.edu /studentwork/children/examples/Coercivefinal.doc (4732 words)

	Measuring Social Capital in Five Communities in NSW, Paul Bullen & Jenny Onyx (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Social norms are generally unwritten but commonly understood formulae for both determining what patterns of behaviour are expected in a given social context, and for defining what forms of behaviour are valued or socially approved.
		Social capital is not generally correlated with the demographic variables such as age, gender, etc. There are some exceptions, for example women are less likely to feel safe in their local communities than men; people with more children are likely to participate more in the local community than those with less children.
		The social capital scale is but one simple indicator, and needs to be fleshed out with other, more qualitative methods such as the use of case studies and "thick descriptions" and reference to macro-social indicators such as crime or morbidity rates.
	www.mapl.com.au /A2.htm (3327 words)

	ICPSR Summer Training Program, 2000: Patrick Carr (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The original theoretical framework comes from Shaw and McKay's (1942) theory of social disorganization where they argue that high crime neighborhoods are unable to control the actions of their youth.
		Specifically, Carr found that youth were excluded from participating in many of the strategies of informal social control practiced in the neighborhood.
		They are usually the subject of informal social control yet are rarely considered actors in their own right.
	www.icpsr.umich.edu /NACJD/SUMMER/NIJ2000/carr2summ.html (1379 words)

	CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
		Our interest is in understanding how managerial control is exercised in espoused participative work environments that by intention differ from traditional, bureaucratic designs and where managers do not have recourse to the formal, legislated set of rules and procedures that dictate control and hierarchy in bureaucratic work contexts.
		Employing a grounded theory approach, we explore strategies and underlying techniques of informal social control employed by managers and leaders in participative work contexts to realize desired organizational and/or personal outcomes.
		Examples of control actions include, “ambigu-speak”, where phrasing is indirect so that it can be interpreted more than one way; creating interpersonal conflict or competition by playing employees off against each another; using positive talk and pushing for positive thinking to ensure compliance; and implementing techniques such as continuous improvement to rationalize management decisions.
	www.aom.pace.edu /cms/Workshops/Washington/taplin.htm (223 words)

	Informal social control -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Informal social control -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Informal (Control exerted (actively or passively) by group action) social control is exercised by a society without explicitly stating these rules.
		See (Accepted or habitual practice) custom and (additional info and facts about formal social control) formal social control
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/i/in/informal_social_control.htm (66 words)

	Sociology at Wisconsin - Deviance, Law & Social Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The program in Deviance, Law, and Social Control (DLSC) is designed to train sociology graduate students in the areas of sociology of law, deviance, criminology and social control.
		Through a combination of classroom instruction, independent directed study, and teaching and research apprenticeships, the program fosters a sound background in general sociology, a thorough understanding of theoretical and empirical issues in the study of law and deviance, and a solid set of technical skills for conducting scholarly research.
		The Deviance, Law and Social Control program features a weekly training colloquium, in which faculty and graduate students meet to present research ideas, critically evaluate each other's work, and review recent developments in the field.
	www.ssc.wisc.edu /soc/grad/soc_of_deviance.html (928 words)

	Smart Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Sampson and his colleagues say that a key reason some neighborhoods are able to control violence is that residents are able to control what goes on in their own neighborhood.
		Informal social control was measured using a 5-item Likert-type scale to find out how likely it was that neighbors could be counted on to intervene in various ways in the neighborhood:
		Social cohesion and trust were measured in a similar way to informal social control to find out how strongly residents agreed with the following statements:
	www.poverty.smartlibrary.org /NewInterface/segment.cfm?segment=2480 (936 words)

	Neighborhoods and Violent Crime
		Informal social control also generalizes to broader issues of import to the well-being of neighborhoods.
		Similar results were obtained when we controlled for a measure of social interaction (the extent to which neighbors had parties together, watched each other's homes, visited in each others' homes, exchanged favors, and asked advice about personal matters) that was positively associated with collective efficacy.
		Again the direct effect of collective efficacy remained, suggesting that social interaction, like friendship and kinship ties, is linked to reduced violence through its association with increased levels of collective efficacy.
	crab.rutgers.edu /~goertzel/NeighborhoodsCrimeEarls.html (5392 words)

	BJS Online - Informal social control and crime management on Belfast (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This papers examines the interplay between informal social control, civil unrest and local crime management in Belfast.
		Informal social control is recognized as important in inhibiting crime, but this paper reports on its role in the management of crime in the absence of reporting it to the police.
		These informal social controls are localized, being mediated by class, communal redevelopment, civil unrest and other social transformations affecting the locality.
	www.lse.ac.uk /serials/Bjs/INF498.HTM (212 words)

	Social Sciences [encyclopedia]
		According to Western liberal political theory, a body of law attempts to balance individual rights and social control, which are viewed as being inversely related, and is enforced by a system of criminal justice.
		Many social scientists use the term more broadly, to refer both to formal and informal systems of social control.
		Sociology studies the social rules and processes that bind -- and separate -- people not only as individuals, but as members of associations, groups, and institutions.
	artzia.com /Society/Social_Science (438 words)

	Learn more about Social control in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Learn more about Social control in the online encyclopedia.
		Hint: Play with putting spaces before and after your words to see the different results you get.
		Social control is the processes of informal social control such as custom and formal social control such as law of deviant behavior which falls beyond the bounds set by social norms.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /s/so/social_control.html (419 words)

	Encyclopedia: Informal social control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
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		Updated 97 days 12 hours 31 minutes ago.
		Custom: a common practice among people, especially depending on country, culture, time and religion.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Informal-social-control (267 words)

	Crim 417 - Law, Geography and Social Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Rather than taking social relations for granted, or as a given variable for empirical study, critical geographers are instead interested in the way social relations are socially constructed and expressed across space, and in many instances time.
		However, social geographers are also interested in the 'spatial dimension' to human relations.
		Community is very often invoked in a number of different ways, and has taken on meanings that are of interest to criminology - community policing, community-based corrections, releasing the prisoner back into 'the community', community as a form of informal social control, and so on.
	www.sfu.ca /~sakohm/geog.htm (702 words)

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