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Topic: Infraorders

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	Wikipedia: Shrimp
		Examples are the mantis shrimps and the opposum or mysid shrimps, both of which belong to the same class (Malacostraca) as the true shrimps, but constitute two different orderss within it, the Stomatopoda and the Mysidacea.
		Also, debates on the taxonomy of the decapods continues, and not all authorities recognise Natantia as a valid grouping, while some would place infraorders or superfamilies beneath it.
		In this scheme, the members of the Pleocyemate infraorder Caridea are regarded as the "true shrimps", while the members of the Dendrobranchiate infraorder Penaeoida are referred to as "penaeid shrimps".
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/s/sh/shrimp.html (601 words)

	WilsonWeb: Full Record (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The infraorder is supported by a few synapomorphies showing a high level of homoplasy, such as the articulation of the larval mandibles and abbreviation of the costal vein in the adult wing, (139, 190), and has been criticized on these grounds (60).
		The relationships of the infraorders of lower Diptera, lower Brachycera, and the families of lower Cyclorrhapha are obvious examples.
		The lower Brachycera (Orthorrhapha) are represented on the diagram by the infraorders Stratiomyomorpha, Xylophagomorpha, and Tabanomorpha and the superfamilies Nemestrinoidea, Asiloidea, and Empidoidea.
	www.eeb.uconn.edu /Courses/Eeb477/Yeates_Wiegmann_99.htm (10239 words)

	FLEAS: Taxonomy and Phylogeny
		The anterior arm of the 1st thoracic link-plate, the outer lobe of the 2nd thoracic link-plate, and the metathoracic squamulum are absent.
		Fleas of these infraorders possess a squamulum (except in the family Xiphiopsyllidae); the ventral margin of the pronotum is divided into 2 lobes, the hind lobe sometimes being secondarily reduced.
		In fleas belonging to the infraorders Hystrichopsyllomorpha and Pygiopsyllomorpha, the spinelets are sometimes present on tergites I-V, being located on the straight margin of the metanotum and abdominal tergites.
	www.zin.ru /Animalia/Siphonaptera/tax.htm (6359 words)

	All about lobsters
		The infraorder Astacidea contains three superfamilies: the Nephropoidea (the commercially important marine lobsters) and the Astacoidea and Parastacoidea (freshwater crayfishes of the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively).
		The infraorder Thalassinidea consists of only one superfamily, the Thalassinoidea, which are used as both food and bait.
		Lobsters and crayfishes of the infraorder Astacidea are distinguishable from other lobsters because they bear pincers (or chelae) on the first three pairs of legs.
	www.lobsters.tripod.com /lobsters/id1.html (1054 words)

	Crab - MSN Encarta
		Crab, common name for any arthropod of two crustacean groups, or infraorders: hermit crabs and allies (about 1,400 species) and true crabs (about 4,500 species).
		Both of these distinct groups have a similar body shape characterized by a reduced abdomen and an enlarged and broadened anterior (front) portion of the body.
		Hermit crabs and their allies make up the infraorder Anomura.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761564259/Crab.html (771 words)

	Education: Primates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The living Strepsirhini are sometimes divided into two infraorders: the Lemuriformes, for the Lemuridae, Indriidae, and Daubentoniidae; and the Lorisiformes, for the Lorisidae.
		The genera Microcebus, Mirza, Cheirogaleus, Allocebus, and Phaner, all formerly assigned to the Lemuridae, are now placed in the family Cheirogaleidae, and this family is considered to be associated with the Lorisidae (Tattersall 1982; Tattersall and Schwartz 1975).
		The sequence of haplorhine families presented here follows that of Hershkovitz (1977), who divided the living members of this group into three infraorders: Tarsii, for the tarsiers; Platyrrhini, for the New World monkeys; and Catarrhini, for the Old World monkeys, the apes, and humans.
	www.fortheanimals.com /menu2/primates/ed_primates.htm (1480 words)

	Plant Bug :: Planetary Biodiversity Inventory
		The terminal groupings with the Heteroptera are referred to as infraorders by most modern authors, a terminology which we shall follow.
		The first documented synapomorphy scheme for the 7 heteropteran infraorders was that of Schuh (1979).
		Features of this seldom seen group of true bugs have not figured prominently–if at all–in many classificatory schemes of the Heteroptera, or their morphology was incompletely appreciated, leading to their placement with the Reduviidae, the latter being members of the infraorder Cimicomorpha.
	research.amnh.org /pbi/bugs/true_bugs.html (2423 words)

	The Primates: Prosimians: Part II
		The fact that they are nocturnal has allowed them to largely avoid direct competition with the monkeys and apes, which are all diurnal in the Old World.
		An infraorder is a higher, more inclusive classification category than a family.
		Their classification is problematical because they have what appear to be a blend of prosimian and monkey traits, but they are genetically different from both groups of primates.
	anthro.palomar.edu /primate/prim_3.htm (524 words)

	Heteroptera - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The infraorders Gerromorpha and Nepomorpha contain most of the aquatic and semi-aquatic members of the suborder, while nearly all of the remaining groups that are common and familiar are in the infraorders Cimicomorpha and Pentatomomorpha.
		The use of the name "Heteroptera" has a long history at the rank of order, dating back to Latreille, 1810, and it is only recently that it has been relegated to a subsidiary rank within a larger definition of Hemiptera, so many reference works still include it as an order.
		The only difference between Heteroptera and Prosorrhyncha is that the latter includes the family Peloridiidae, which is a tiny relictual group that is in its own superfamily and infraorder.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Water_bug (707 words)

	FIMOL1
		Within the Tricladida, three infraorders usually have been recognized: Maricola (marine planarians), Paludicola (freshwater planarians) and Terricola (land planarians) (reviewed in Sluys 1989), to which a new one, the Cavernicola was further added (Sluys 1990).
		Relationships within the infraorders have only been considered in detail within the Paludicola, in which three families are currently recognized: the Dugesiidae Ball, 1974, the Planariidae Stimpson, 1857, and the Dendrocoelidae Hallez, 1892.
		Therefore, it was suggested that the infraorders Terricola and Paludicola are redundant and should be replaced by a new taxon, the Continenticola (Carranza et al 1998a).
	www.ub.es /geisan/fimol/ResInt.HTML (676 words)

	prosimii (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Prosimiians are easily identified by their hind limb domination, climbing by grasping, and hand to mouth feeding.
		There are three Infraorders in the Prisimii suborder.
		In the next section we will look at different types of primates in each of these Infraorders.
	www.msu.edu /~heckaaro/prosimii.html (129 words)

	The World of Anteaters - All About Anteaters
		The anteaters are the only family in the infraorder Vermilingua of the order Edentata.
		Even so, it is dwindling; of its three infraorders, each has only a single family left living.
		Anteaters are characterised by a lack of teeth in their long snouts, an extraordinarily long tongue, paws with very sharp, long claws, and small round brains.
	www.geocities.com /myrmecophagavir/Anteaters.html (989 words)

	Unique Characteristics of Primateness - National Zoo\| FONZ
		The living Strepsirhini are divided into two main infraorders; the Lemuriformes, which contain the lemurs, dwarf lemurs, sifakas, and aye-ayes; and the Lorisiformes, the lorises and bushbabies.
		The living haplorhines are divided into three infraorders the Tarsiiformes, or tarsiers, a very controversial group; the Platyrrhini, or New World monkeys; and the Catarrhini, or Old World monkeys, apes and humans.
		This infraorder is usually divided into two superfamilies, the Cercopithecoidea, or Old World monkeys, and the Hominoidea, or apes and humans.
	nationalzoo.si.edu /Animals/Primates/Facts/Primateness/default.cfm (1931 words)

	List of Serpentes families - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Serpentes is the suborder of reptiles commonly known as snakes.
		There are two infraorders of living snakes: Alethinophidia (with the superfamilies: Henophidia and Xenophidia) and Scolecophidia (with the superfamily Typhlopoidea).
		These include moving of families to different infraorders, merging or splitting of the infraorders and merging and splitting of the families.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_Serpentes_families (182 words)

	Re: why don't horses (or any hooved mammal) have fleas.
		Sergei Medvedev, based on his own morphological studies, including analysis of 5,000 photographs obtained from scanning microscope, proposed and corroborated a new classification of the order, created an information analytical system on the world's fauna of the order.
		The infraorder Pulicomorpha is characterized by more or less relations between the faunas of Africa and Asia, Asia and South America.
		The existence of the Antarctic bridge in the Southern hemisphere and the Beringian bridge in the Northern hemisphere had the most significant influence on the distribution of the infraorders Pygiopsyllomorpha, Hystrichopsyllomorpha, and Ceratophyllomorpha.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/jan2001/979942007.Zo.r.html (465 words)

	FLYTREE Phylogeny, the story so far - p. 2
		Although molecular data has been used increasingly to reconstruct Dipteran phylogenies, most published analyses to date have focussed on questions at a lower-level, generally within particular infraorders.
		The supertree analysis currently favors Ptychopteromorpha+Culicomorpha as the sister group to the remaining Diptera with Blepharicerimorpha and Bibionomorpha being the next lineages to emerge from the Lower Dipteran stem.
		Close to the grade transition to Brachycera, the Lower Dipteran infraorders are not monophyletic, with Psychodomorpha and Tipulomorpha forming a paraphyletic grouping, the superfamily Tipuloidea being sister to the Brachycera.
	www.inhs.uiuc.edu /cee/FLYTREE/flyphylogeny2.html (389 words)

	1996 exam 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Diagnose the Order Rodentia, give characteristics for its suborders and/or infraorders, and characterize at least Eight of its families.
		Diagnose the Order Carnivora, give characteristics for its suborders and/or infraorders, and characterize at least Eight of its families.
		Diagnose the Order Primates, give characteristics for its suborders and/or infraorders, and characterize at least Eight of its families.
	users.tamuk.edu /kfjab02/Biology/Mammalogy/EXAMS/b442996t2.htm (172 words)

	Monkey Photo
		There are two separate infraorders of anthropoidea that have evolved independently: Catarrhines and Platyrrhines.
		They have a flat nose with widely placed nostrils and a prehensile tail that is used as a ‘third hand’.
		These two infraorders have evolved separately for 30,000,000 years, and they differ greatly according to the level of development.
	www.gotpetsonline.com /monkey/monkey-photo/monkey-photo.html (299 words)

	Scorpionida
		In an effort to rectify the fossil and recent classifications of scorpions, which were hitherto incompatible (Kjellesvig-Waering, 1986), I proposed to raise the Scorpionida to the rank of class with three orders, Protoscorpiones, Palaeoscorpiones, and Scorpiones (Stockwell 1989).
		The strictly phenetic suborders and infraorders of Kjellesvig-Waering (1986) were largely abandoned.
		Jeram, A.J. Scorpions from the Viséan of East Kirkton, West Lothian, Scotland, with revision of the infraorder Mesoscorpionina.
	tolweb.org /tree?group=Scorpionida&contgroup=Arachnida (956 words)

	pers Bertone
		While the paraphyly of the 'Nematocera' is not a new nor highly contested idea, there are still many questions about this ancient group of flies.
		Previous hypotheses on the relationships among families (and infraorders) in this group have differed substantially.
		My research aims at answering some of the major questions about early dipteran evolution through gene sequence data.
	www4.ncsu.edu /unity/users/b/bwiegman/public_html/labweb/persbertone.html (752 words)

	VET 120- Nonhuman Primates
		This taxonomic breakdown is intended to give you an idea of the relationship of the different primates, nonhuman and human.)
		The chimpanzee is the primary ape used in research.
		They have downwardly directed nasal openings that are close together.
	www.medaille.edu /vmacer/120_lec_15nonhumanprimates.htm (2265 words)

	Lord of the Flies – Diptera: Muscomorpha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Larvae of two infraorders (Tabanomorpha and Asilomorpha) with head capsule retracted into body
		Larvae of infraorder Muscomorpha are maggots, without a head and mouthparts reduced to hooks
		Adults with a ptilinum, basically an air sac in the head that is blown up to help "pop the top" off the puparium
	entomology.unl.edu /lgh/insectid/lec27_Diptera3.htm (541 words)

	Monkey
		Anthropoidea are divided into two infraorders: Plattyrhihi (basically New World species) and Cattarhini (Old World monkeys, apes and humans.) Monkeys make up a 90-per-cent share of the Anthropoidae suborder.
		Old World monkeys have downwardly directed nostrils that are separated by a small septum.
		Both infraorders share most of the dental characteristics, except there is a slight difference between their dental formulas.
	www.gotpetsonline.com /monkey/monkey-picture/monkey.html (318 words)

	Book Lice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Psocoptera has been divided into three suborders,
		giomorpha consists of two infraorders and five families.
		Troctomorpha, in which the Liposcelididae is classified, con-
	www.theinsectencyclopedia.com /pg_0217.htm (255 words)

	Cicadas Aphids Mealy Bugs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		and between suborders and infraorders of both major group-
		Coleorrhyncha and Heteroptera make up the suborder Pros-
		appear to be monophyletic; they comprise two infraorders, the
	www.theinsectencyclopedia.com /pg_0231.htm (234 words)

	Thyreophoran Dinosaur 3D Images
		You may view members of the Infraorders Ankylosaura and Stegosauria on this page.
		Links in bold type refer to species extant in the middle period of the Mesozoic Era, which is rather more familiar as the Jurassic Period.
		Both are in the Suborder Thyreophora, otherwise known as "shield bearers."
	www.buddycom.com /dinos/InfoMax/Thyreophora/Thyreophora.html (75 words)

	BIOLOGY OF NONHUMAN PRIMATES-VSC 443/543 (05) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A newly recognized suborder, Tarsioidea, which includes the Trasius sp., that may represent the bridge between the pre-primates and the true primates
		Anthropoidea, which are the true primates and include two infraorders: the Platyrrhine or New World monkeys (NWM) and the Catarrhine or Old World monkeys (OWM).
		New Work monkeys (NWM) are found in Central and South America and consist of two families of primates: the Callitrichidea, which include the marmosets and tamarins, and the Cebidea, which include howler, woolly, spider, woolly spider, owl (night), and squirrel monkeys as well as titis, sakis, capuchins, and uakaris.
	www.uac.arizona.edu /notes/classes/primatebiology/biology_of_nonhuman_primates04.htm (3366 words)

	Hominoidea
		The Hominoidea (apes and humans) is one of two superfamilies that constitute the infraorder Catarrhini; the second superfamily is the Cercopithecoidea (Old World Monkeys).
		The infraorders Catarrhini and Platyrrhini (New World Monkeys) together constitute the suborder Anthropoidea, or anthropoids, often called the higher primates.
		Here you will be able to find information on:
	www.geocities.com /palaeoanthropology/hominid.html (299 words)

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