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Topic: Infrared homing

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	Air Force Technology - MiG-29 Fulcrum - High Performance Combat Aircraft
		The R-27 is available in two configurations: the R-27R, which has a semi-active radar homing head and inertial navigation control with a radio link; and the R-27T missile, which is fitted with an infrared homing head.
		The missile can intercept targets with a speed of up to 3,500km/hour at altitudes from 0.02-27km, and the maximum vertical separation between the aircraft and the target is 10km.
		The missile has cooled infrared homing and can intercept targets at altitudes between 0.02 and 20km, target g-load to 12g, and with target speeds to 2,500km/hour.
	www.airforce-technology.com /projects/mig29 (1125 words)

	Infrared - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The common nomenclature is justified by the different human response to this radiation: near infrared is the region closest in wavelength to the radiation detectable by the human eye, mid and far infrared are progressively further from the visible regime.
		Infrared radiation is used in infrared saunas to heat the occupants, and to remove ice from the wings of aircraft (de-icing).
		Infrared radiation spectroscopy is the study of the composition of (usually) organic compounds, finding out a compound's structure and composition based on the percentage transmittance of IR radiation through a sample.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Infrared (1381 words)

	Missile guidance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A number of such systems have been developed, but by far the most common are sound in the case of torpedoes and infrared in the case of air-to-air missiles.
		The semi-active radar homing is a crossover, homing passively on a reflected active radar signal generated by some other system.
		Infrared homing, a passive system in which heat generated by the target is detected and homed on.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Missile_guidance (1059 words)

	Navy Fact File: AIM-9 Sidewinder Missile
		Main components are an infrared homing guidance section, an active optical target detector, a high-explosive warhead and a rocket motor.
		Infrared unit costs less than other types of guidance systems and can be used day or night in all weather conditions.
		Infrared seeker also permits the pilot to launch the missile then leave the area or take evasive action while the missile guides itself to the target.
	www.time.com /time/daily/iraq/weapons/missiles/sidewinder.html (173 words)

	Hughes F-98 Falcon
		The Falcon initially operated on the principle of semi-active radar homing, that is, it tracked and homed in on a radar echo reflected back from a target illuminated by a radar set carried in the aircraft that launched the missile.
		The infrared Falcon had the advantage in that it was "fire and forget", enabling the launching aircraft to break away as soon as the missile was fired.
		Infrared homing was considered to be ineffective in head-on encounters, and since semi-active radar homing was less precise, it was decided that the best option was to increase the yield of the warhead.
	home.att.net /~jbaugher1/f98.html (1434 words)

	Missile Components
		A homing guidance system is one in which the missile seeks out the target, guided by some physical indication from the target itself.
		Homing systems are classified as active, semiactive, and passive.
		Examples of passive homing include homing on a source of infrared rays (such as the hot exhaust of jet aircraft) or radar signals (such as those transmitted by ground radar installations).
	www.ordnance.org /missile_components.htm (1290 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		] A phosphor which, when exposed to infrared radiation during or even after decay of luminescence resulting from its usual or dominant activator, emits light having the same spectrum as that of the dominant activator; sulfide and selenide phosphors are the most important examples.
		A display or graph of the intensity of infrared radiation emitted or absorbed by a material as a function of wavelength or some related parameter.
		] An instrument that converts an invisible infrared image into a visible image and enlarges this image, consisting of an infrared image converter tube, an objective lens for imaging the scene to be viewed onto the photocathode of the tube, and an ocular for viewing the phosphor screen of the tube.
	www.accessscience.com /Dictionary/I/I10/DictI10.html (2372 words)

	Armament of General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon
		The Sidewinder infrared homing missile dates back to 1956, but the missile has been continuously upgraded over the years.
		The Python 3 is an infrared homer having a weight of about 265 pounds and is 118 inches long with a body diameter of 6.25 inches and a fin span of 33.9 inches.
		The infrared seeker of the Python 3 has a plus or minus 30-degree gimbal angle and can be operated in boresight, uncaged, or radar-slaved mode.
	home.att.net /~jbaugher4/f16_8.html (2389 words)

	SA-7 GRAIL (9K32M Strela-2)
		The missile is fitted with a passive infrared homing system and a contact fuse and it is guided to contrast heat sources, usually the outlet pipe of an aircraft engine.
		Activation of the homing system and electronic circuits takes 4 to 6 seconds, the engine is ignited 0.8 second after that.
		The upgrade consists in installation of a two-regime IR homing system (9E46M) with a non-cooled detector, which is part of a new generation missile IGLA (SA-18 GROUSE) and has a sophisticated system of protection against all sorts of IR jamming.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/russia/sa-7.htm (1141 words)

	Missile guidance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		A number of such systems havebeen developed, but by far the most common are sound in the case of torpedos and infrared in the case of air-to-air missiles.
		The semi-active radar homing is a crossover, homing passively on a reflected active radar signalgenerated by some other system.
		infrared homing, apassive system in which heat generated by the target is detected and homed on.
	www.therfcc.org /missile-guidance-122810.html (663 words)

	Hughes AIM-4 "Falcon" Air-to-Air Missile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The GAR-1 (known as the AIM-4 after 1962, for "Air Interception Missile") was a semi-active radar homing missile, meaning that it tracked and homed in on the reflection of a target being illuminated by the radar transmitter in the aircraft that launched it.
		It was an infrared, or "heat-seeking," version of the Falcon which contained a passive infrared detector behind a clear glass nose instead of a radar receiver.
		The missile homed in on the infrared signature of the hot engine exhaust of the target aircraft and thus was a "fire and forget" weapon, meaning it did not require continuous guidance from the launching aircraft as did the GAR-1.
	www.hill.af.mil /museum/photos/coldwar/falcon.htm (1041 words)

	Aim 9 Sidewinder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Its main components are an infrared homing guidance section, an active optical target detector, the warhead section, and a rocket motor.
		An infrared unit costs less than other types of guidance systems and can be used day or night in all weather conditions.
		In WWII the Germans had experiments with infrared guidance systems in a large missile known as the Enzian but were unable to get it to work reliably.
	www.wikiverse.org /aim-9-sidewinder (982 words)

	The air industry's worst nightmare - Salon
		One of the basic techniques is to reduce the ability of the missile "seeker" -- the electronic component that homes in on the targeted aircraft -- to "acquire," or lock on to, the intended target.
		Most shoulder-fired missile seekers use an infrared guidance system that detects the radiation that aircraft emit in the form of light and heat.
		One could imagine the outcry from people whose businesses or homes lie in airport approach and departure corridors if each of the thousands of daily commercial flights dropped dozens of flares upon takeoff and landing, or spewed fine metallic or chemical particles into the air along those same routes.
	dir.salon.com /story/news/feature/2002/11/22/missiles/index2.html (1325 words)

	Missile Guidance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		semi-active radar homing is an automated form of SACLOS in which the tracking radar provides a single on which the missile homes.
		The signal does not nessessarily have to be pointed at the target, nor does the missile have to "ride" the beam.
		The missile itself is actually using passive guidance, homing on a signal reflected from the target.
	www.wikiverse.org /missile-guidance (833 words)

	VNFA AIM-9 Sidewinder
		As if the financial limitations were not restrictive enough, the team imposed on itself one further restriction: it chose for an airframe of only 5 inch (127mm) diameter, which made fitting in the necessary electronics (still vacuum-tube in those days) a major challenge.
		The missile's main components are an infrared homing guidance section, an active optical target detector, a high-explosive warhead, and a rocket motor.
		An infrared unit costs less than other types of guidance systems, and can be used in day/night and electronic countermeasures conditions.
	members.tripod.com /VNFA2/VNFA-AIM-9.html (2051 words)

	Semi-active radar homing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Semi-active radar homing, or SARH, is a common type of missile guidance system, perhaps the most common type for longer range air-to-air and ground-to-air missile systems.
		The name refers to the missile itself being a passive detector, while an offboard radar provides a signal for the missile guidance system to "listen to" when it reflects off the target.
		The modern trend is towards missiles such as AIM-120 AMRAAM or MICA, which use an initial lock-on by the firing aircraft to illuminate the target and then steer the missile to the target area by inertial guidance before activating a terminal guidance system (based on active radar or infrared homing) for the final attack.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Semi-active_radar_homing (652 words)

	Russian Air Force 3.8
		The most important developers of homing heads for radar homing missiles are Agat in Moscow and Radar in St. Petersburg.
		The diameter of the homing head is equivalent with the R-33 (AA-9 Amos) missile, which belongs to the MiG-31 weapon arsenal.
		The semi-active radar homing missile and infrared missile are R-27ER (Alamo-C) and R-27ET (Alamo-D), respectively.
	www.saunalahti.fi /~fta/ruaf-3-8.htm (2792 words)

	Hughes Aircraft
		Infrared sensors were installed in the forward edges of the cut-back chines.
		The missile relied on semiactive radar homing for midcourse guidance to the immediate vicinity of the target, homing in on reflections off the target resulting from transmissions from the huge ASG-18 radar.
		For terminal homing, the GAR-9 was equipped with an infrared seeker.
	www.roadrunnersinternationale.com /hughes.html (807 words)

	[No title]
		The AN/ALQ-156(V)1 Missile Approach Detector is an airborne radar system which provides infrared homing protection to the aircraft by detecting the approach of anti-aircraft missiles.
		The AN/ALQ-156(V)2 Missile Approach Detector is an airborne radar system which provides infrared homing protection to the aircraft by detecting the approach of anti-aircraft missiles.
		The AN/ALQ-156(V)3 Missile Approach Detector is an airborne radar system which provides infrared homing protection to the aircraft by detecting the approach of anti-aircraft missiles.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/ac/equip/aec-pam/vib.htm (512 words)

	Naval Technology - Qahir Class - Corvettes
		The radar homing head is active monopulse and frequency agile.
		The guidance is by command line of sight with radar and infrared homing.
		The ranges are 50 to 150m for seduction/centroid decoy patterns, 400 to 800m for dump, 800 to 1200m for distraction and 1800 to 2000m for confusion.
	www.naval-technology.com /projects/oman (745 words)

	AirToAirCombat.Com: Boeing F/A-18 Armament
		The Sparrow uses semi-active radar homing and is compatible with either constant-wave or pulse-Doppler radar illumination.
		While the missile is still on its launch rail, the Sidewinder's seeker head homes in on the infrared emissions coming from the target aircraft.
		The AIM-9M introduced in 1982 had better capability to distinguish between aircraft infrared emissions and decoy flares, and had a low-smoke rocket motor which made it far less likely to be seen by its prey.
	www.airtoaircombat.com /background.asp?id=12&bg=76 (2154 words)

	Vympel R-27 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The R-27 is manufactured in both IR-homing (R-27T) and semi-active radar homing (R-27R) variants, somewhat similar to the French MBDA MICA weapon.
		It arms the MiG-29 and Sukhoi Su-27, and some late-model MiG-23MLD aircraft were also adopted to carry it.
		Semi-active radar homing with an upgraded seeker head, enabling it to engage targets flying at 3 m above the sea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vympel_R-27 (187 words)

	INFRARED JAMMER
		The IR Jammer is intended for active protection of helicopters against guided missiles with infrared homing devices.
		The majority of such known stations is intended for suppression of infrared homing heads with amplitude-phase modulation (APM).
		Its interfering signal is surfeit 1.5 to 2 times to the signals emitting from the helicopter’s engines, and on occasion up to 20 times.
	www.awc.com.pk /IRJammer.htm (102 words)

	Missiles
		Both rollerons and control surfaces are in a cross-like arrangement.The missile's main components are an infrared homing guidance section, an active optical target detector, a high-explosive warhead, and a rocket motor.
		The R-27 is designed according to a modular principle and is the base for a family of missiles equipped with various types of homing heads and propulsion systems.
		It has an advanced homing head with a lateral "squint" capability which allows it to receive signals from the line of vision of the pilot who sees the enemy plane through a special (Elbit-developed) helmet.
	homepage.eircom.net /~war/missiles.htm (4072 words)

	Chronology of Missile Defense Tests
		A failure of the two infrared sensors on the kill vehicle caused it to miss the mock warhead, reportedly by a distance of 100 feet.
		The ERIS was told to home on the center one of the three objects.
		Discrimination was accomplished by using a one-color infrared sensor, using data from the first test (and two-color infrared data was collected for use in the future) with the ERIS being programmed to intercept the cooler target.
	www.ucsusa.org /global_security/missile_defense/chronology-of-missile-defense-tests.html (2972 words)

	Jamming Performance of Infrared Bait/Chaff - Storming Media
		Their jamming regime relies on infrared radiation of the infrared bait, and radar reflective waves from chaff to simulate the target (such as aircraft, warships, tanks, and point targets) performance to confuse, disturb, and jam the infrared guidance and radar guidance, as well as their probing and aiming systems.
		Study of the jamming performance of infrared bait and chaff is required in developing the smoke, flame, light, and electric/sourceless jamming technologies.
		It is very important and practical to enhance the jamming performance of infrared bait and chaff, as well as to extend the jamming frequency spectrum.
	www.stormingmedia.us /82/8200/A820003.html (163 words)

	AN/ALQ-156A MAWS Missile Approach Warning System
		The AN/ALQ-156 and M-130 Dispenser with flares are designed to provide protection against present and near-term infrared homing missile threats.
		The AN/ALQ-156(V)2 Missile Approach Detector is an airborne radar system which provides infrared homing protection to the EH-60A and RC-12 aircraft by detecting the approach of anti-aircraft missiles.
		The AN/ALQ-156(V)3 Missile Approach Detector is an airborne radar system which provides infrared homing protection to the C-23B aircraft by detecting the approach of anti-aircraft missiles.
	globalsecurity.org /military/systems/aircraft/systems/an-alq-156.htm (445 words)

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