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Topic: Infrared radiation

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	Infrared Radiation - MSN Encarta
		Infrared radiation may be detected as heat, and instruments such as bolometers are used to detect it.
		Infrared radiation is used to obtain pictures of distant objects obscured by atmospheric haze, because visible light is scattered by haze but infrared radiation is not.
		The detection of infrared radiation is used by astronomers to observe stars and nebulas that are invisible in ordinary light or that emit radiation in the infrared portion of the spectrum.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761568909/Infrared_Radiation.html (392 words)

	Electromagnetic Spectrum
		Infrared spectrometers are widely used to study the vibrational spectra of molecules.
		The energy of nuclear radiation is extremely high because such radiation is born in the intense conflict between the nuclear strong force and the electromagnetic force, the two strongest basic forces.
		In interactions with matter, gamma rays are ionizing radiation and produce physiological effects which are not observed with any exposure of non-ionizing radiation, such as the risk of mutations or cancer in tissue.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/ems3.html (572 words)

	INFRARED PHOTOGRAPHY
		Photographs by infrared radiation were already made in the nineteenth century, but it was not until the early 1930's that it became possible to carry out infrared photography with the ease and certainty of ordinary photography.
		In infrared photographs made outdoors from the ground or from the air, grasses and the foliage of deciduous trees appear white because of the high near-infrared transmission characteristic of green chlorophyll and the high infrared reflectance of the underlying cellulosic structure of these subjects.
		Infrared photographs have been used for the construction of charts, the study of sandbars and silting of navigable channels, the control of erosion and pollution, the charting of currents, and the study of marine life.
	www.rit.edu /~andpph/text-infrared-basics.html (3854 words)

	Infrared Radiation and Health
		Infrared radiation is a form of energy which, contrary to other forms, does not use air as a transportation medium.
		Infrared radiant heat has been used for many years for therapeutic and medical purposes and can be classified as absolutely safe.
		Infrared heat is the same heat which the human body itself radiates and is, in principle, identical to solar heat but without harmful UV radiation.
	www.redwell.de /engl/infrared_radiation_and_health.html (903 words)

	infrared radiation – FREE infrared radiation Information \| Encyclopedia.com: Facts, Pictures, Information!
		Infrared rays thus occupy that part of the electromagnetic spectrum with a frequency less than that of visible light and greater than that of most radio waves, although there is some overlap.
		Infrared radiation is typically produced by objects whose temperature is above 10°K. There are many applications of infrared radiation.
		A recent development has been the expansion of research in infrared astronomy ; infrared sensors are sent aloft in balloons, rockets, and satellites to study the infrared radiation reaching the earth from other parts of the solar system and beyond.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-infrared.html (1037 words)

	Infrared Radiation
		Infrared radiation is absorbed and emitted by the rotations and vibrations of chemically bonded atoms or groups of atoms and thus by many kinds of materials.
		Infrared spectroscopic techniques are often used to determine the composition and hence the origin and age of archaeological specimens and for detecting forgeries of art and other objects, which, when inspected under visible light, resemble the originals.
		Infrared radiation plays an important role in heat transfer and is integral to the so-called greenhouse effect (see above The greenhouse effect of the atmosphere), influencing the thermal radiation budget of the Earth on a global scale and affecting nearly all biospheric activity.
	abyss.uoregon.edu /~js/glossary/infrared.html (618 words)

	Infrared Radiation
		Infrared radiation may be detected as heat, and instruments such as bolometers are used to detect it.
		Infrared radiation is used to obtain pictures of distant objects obscured by atmospheric haze, because visible light is scattered by haze but infrared radiation is not.
		The detection of infrared radiation is used by astronomers to observe stars and nebulas that are invisible in ordinary light or that emit radiation in the infrared portion of the spectrum.
	library.thinkquest.org /C001429/waves/infrared_radiation.htm (315 words)

	infrared radiation
		Electromagnetic radiation of wavelength between about 700 nanometres and 1 millimetre –; that is, between the limit of the red end of the visible spectrum and the shortest microwaves.
		Infrared radiation is used in medical photography and treatment, and in industry, astronomy, and criminology.
		Infrared absorption spectra are used in chemical analysis, particularly for organic compounds.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0016138.html (266 words)

	Basic Information About Infrared Heating
		Infrared (electromagnetic radiant infrared energy) is the transfer of heat energy via invisible electromagnetic energy waves that can be felt as the warmth from the sun or a downwind fire or other hot object.
		Infrared energy travels at the speed of light without heating the air it passes through, (the amount of infrared radiation absorbed by carbon dioxide, water vapor and other particles in the air typically is negligible) and gets absorbed or reflected by objects it strikes.
		The Stefan-Boltzman Law of Radiation states that as the temperature of a heat source is increased, the radiant output increases to the fourth power of its temperature.
	www.infraredheaters.com /basic.htm (3216 words)

	Wintronics Infrared Thermometers
		In contrast, infrared thermometers determine the surface temperature of an object by intercepting and measuring the infrared radiation it emits.
		The underlying technology for Infrared Radiation Pyrometers is based on the principle that all objects emit radiation at wavelengths in the infrared region of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum.
		Infrared is that portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that lies beyond the visible (blue to red, 0.4-0.75 um) response of the human eye.
	www.wintron.com /Infrared/infrared.htm (496 words)

	Infrared Radiation
		Infrared radiation is electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than visible light but shorter than radio waves or microwaves.
		Infrared radiation is often popularly known as heat radiation; this is incorrect, as all electromagnetic waves heat surfaces.
		Infrared light provides about fifty percent of the heat on earth, with the rest provided by visible light.
	www.iscid.org /encyclopedia/Infrared_Radiation (204 words)

	Cheap Infrared Saunas
		Infrared radiation is used in infrared saunas to heat the occupants, and to remove ice from the wings of aircraft (de-icing).
		Telescopes equipped with infrared sensors are used in infrared astronomy to penetrate dusty regions of space, such as molecular clouds; detect low temperature objects such as planets orbiting distant stars, and to view highly red-shifted objects from the early history of the universe.
		Infrared spectroscopy is the examination of absorption and transmission of photons in the infrared energy range, based on their frequency and intensity.
	www.cheapinfraredsaunas.com (438 words)

	Cool Cosmos
		Infrared radiation lies between the visible and microwave portions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
		Near-infrared refers to the part of the infrared spectrum that is closest to visible light and far-infrared refers to the part that is closer to the microwave region.
		Humans, at normal body temperature, radiate most strongly in the infrared, at a wavelength of about 10 microns (A micron is the term commonly used in astronomy for a micrometer or one millionth of a meter).
	coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu /cosmic_classroom/ir_tutorial/what_is_ir.html (692 words)

	Electromagnetic Spectrum - Introduction
		Radiation is energy that travels and spreads out as it goes-- visible light that comes from a lamp in your house and radio waves that come from a radio station are two types of electromagnetic radiation.
		Electromagnetic radiation can be described in terms of a stream of photons, which are massless particles each traveling in a wave-like pattern and moving at the speed of light.
		Electromagnetic radiation from space is unable to reach the surface of the Earth except at a very few wavelengths, such as the visible spectrum, radio frequencies, and some ultraviolet wavelengths.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/science/know_l1/emspectrum.html (1299 words)

	Ask An Infrared Astronomer: Infrared Radiation
		Infrared (IR) radiation is simply one of the many types of 'light' that comprise the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum.
		Infrared light is characterized by wavelengths that are longer than visible light (4000-7000 Angstroms, or 0.4 0.7 micrometers; also denoted as microns).
		Infrared is widely used in the sciences in astronomy, meteorology, oceanography and archeology.
	coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu /cosmic_classroom/ask_astronomer/faq/radiation.shtml (739 words)

	Infrared Radiation - Succeed in Physical Science: School for Champions
		Infrared (IR) is a form of electromagnetic radiation where the wavelength is slightly longer than the color red in the visible light spectrum.
		Infrared radiation is sometimes called thermal radiation because warm or hot objects emit the radiation.
		Infrared is a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between microwaves and visible light.
	www.school-for-champions.com /science/infrared.htm (1175 words)

	Greenhouse Gases
		Radiation from the sun is absorbed by the earth as radiant visible light.
		As an example, infrared radiation is what you can feel and see (slightly) as the red hot burner of an electric stove.
		The infrared radiation strikes a molecule such as carbon dioxide and causes the bonds to bend and vibrate - this is called the absorption of IR energy.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/globalwarmA5.html (416 words)

	Background for Radiation Lab
		When radiation is absorbed by a gas or by clouds, the energy in the radiation is converted to heat.
		Infrared radiation also heats when it is absorbed; for example your face feels warmer when facing the glowing embers in a fire.
		Of the radiation emitted by the surface, a fraction a (the absorptivity) is absorbed by the atmosphere.
	wxpaos09.colorado.edu /radiation/background.html (1370 words)

	Infrared Waves
		"Near infrared" light is closest in wavelength to visible light and "far infrared" is closer to the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
		The longer, far infrared wavelengths are about the size of a pin head and the shorter, near infrared ones are the size of cells, or are microscopic.
		Infrared film 'sees' the object because the Sun (or some other light source) shines infrared light on it and it is reflected or absorbed by the object.
	science.hq.nasa.gov /kids/imagers/ems/infrared.html (1189 words)

	BB Radiation
		Atmospheric absorption of infrared energy or the use of optical windows and lenses can also significantly affect measured results.
		A hot object emits radiation in a range of wavelengths of varying intensities.
		radiant exitance and this can be found by integrating the area under the graph.
	www.electro-optical.com /bb_rad/bb_rad.htm (439 words)

	Infrared Thermography and Imaging Services — Infrared Security Cameras and Thermography (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Theory of infrared radiation and the related techniques of thermography are new to many who would like to make use of Infrared Cameras and Non-contact Thermometers.
		Infrared energy is emitted proportionately to the temperature of an object.
		As shown in the diagram above, infrared energy from objects in the scene (A) is focused by the optics (B) onto an infrared detector (C).
	www.infraredsys.com /WhatIsInfraredTechnology.html (294 words)

	Ionizing & Non-Ionizing Radiation \| Radiation Protection Program \| US EPA (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Radiation that has enough energy to move atoms in a molecule around or cause them to vibrate, but not enough to remove electrons, is referred to as "non-ionizing radiation." Examples of this kind of radiation are sound waves, visible light, and microwaves.
		This is the type of radiation that people usually think of as 'radiation.' We take advantage of its properties to generate electric power, to kill cancer cells, and in many manufacturing processes.
		X-ray and gamma ray radiation, which are at the upper end of magnetic radiation have very high frequency --in the range of 100 billion billion Hertz--and very short wavelengths--1 million millionth of a meter.
	www.epa.gov /radiation/understand/ionize_nonionize.htm (505 words)

	Infrared (IR) Radiation
		Infrared (IR) radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation.
		Infrared radiation lies between visible light and radio waves on the electromagnetic spectrum.
		The infrared spectrum is sometimes subdivided into the far infrared (1 mm to 10 µm wavelengths), mid infrared (10 to 2.5 µm wavelengths), and near infrared (2,500 to 750 nm wavelengths).
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/physical_science/magnetism/em_infrared.html (348 words)

	Infrared Astronomy
		Infrared astronomers are merely those astronomers interested in the infrared portion of the spectrum and what it can tell us about the universe.
		There are specific wavelengths in the infrared though called "bands" that can reach the surface; but for the most part, infrared light is absorbed by water vapor and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
		Because most of the infrared radiation that hits the Earth is absorbed in the atmosphere, the surface of the Earth is not a very good place to observe objects in the infrared.
	feps.as.arizona.edu /outreach/ira.html (978 words)

	Electrooptic, Ltd. - How it works (Site not responding. Last check: )
		IR viewers are ideal for applications involving the alignment of infrared laser beams and of optical components in near- infrared systems.
		Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 10 and 400nm is called ultraviolet radiation.
		Objects in this temperature range (and hotter) emit enough infrared radiation in the 0,8 – 1,7 micron wavelength range to be imaged by the viewers detector.
	www.infraredviewers.ru /en/howit.htm (859 words)

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