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Topic: Infrared sensors

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	Infrared - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Infrared radiation is used in Infrared saunas to heat the sauna's occupants and to remove ice from the wings of aircraft (de-icing).
		Infrared radiation spectroscopy is the study of the composition of (usually) organic compounds, finding out a compound's structure and composition based on the percentage transmittance of IR radiation through a sample.
		The discovery of infrared radiation is commonly ascribed to William Herschel, the astronomer, in the early 19th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Infrared (1144 words)

	Passive infrared sensors - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Passive InfraRed sensors (PIRs) are electronic devices which are used in some security alarm systems to detect motion of an infrared emitting source, usually a human body.
		The heart of the sensor is a solid state 'chip', approximately 1/4 inch square and often from a pyroelectric material, mounted on a printed circuit board which also contains the necessary electronics required to interpret the signals from this chip.
		Although the wavelength of infrared radiation to which the chips are sensitive does not penetrate glass very well, a strong infrared source (a vehicle headlight, sunlight reflecting from a vehicle window) can overload the chip with enough infrared energy to fool the electronics and cause a false (non-intruder caused) alarm.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Passive_InfraRed_sensors (780 words)

	AllRefer.com - infrared radiation (Physics) - Encyclopedia
		Infrared rays thus occupy that part of the electromagnetic spectrum with a frequency less than that of visible light and greater than that of most radio waves, although there is some overlap.
		Radiometers operating in the infrared range serve as the basis for many instruments, including heat-seeking devices in missiles and devices for spotting and photographing persons and objects in the dark or in fog.
		A recent development has been the expansion of research in infrared astronomy; infrared sensors are sent aloft in balloons, rockets, and satellites to study the infrared radiation reaching the earth from other parts of the solar system and beyond.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/I/infrared.html (442 words)

	Micromachined Emitter/Bolometer Structures for Infrared Gas Sensors
		Infrared gas sensors that could be mass-produced at relatively low cost have been proposed for a variety of applications — for example, detecting carbon monoxide in air inside houses.
		The development of the proposed gas sensors and, in particular, the wavelength-selective emitter/bolometer components of the sensors, would exploit advances in (1) the understanding of the interactions between electromagnetic radiation and textured solid surfaces and (2) the wafer-scale fabrication of semiconductor devices.
		Infrared absorption in the gas of interest would affect the temperature, and thus the electrical resistance, of the emitter/bolometer.
	www.nasatech.com /Briefs/Dec01/NPO20931.html (612 words)

	Infrared Thermometer - OMEGA
		As such, the infrared thermometer is useful for measuring temperature under circumstances where thermocouples or other probe type sensors cannot be used or do not produce accurate data for a variety of reasons.
		Since the infrared device determines the average temperature of all surfaces within the field of view, if the background temperature is different from the object temperature, a measurement error can occur.
		This technique is not dissimilar to the infrared thermometers described so far, but measures the ratio of infrared energy emitted from the material at two wavelengths, rather than the absolute energy at one wavelength or wave band.
	www.omega.com /prodinfo/infraredthermometer.html (1280 words)

	Infrared Tutorial
		On a space based sensor, each detector collects photons from a particular area on the Earth known as a “footprint.” The size of this footprint is determined by the angular field of view of each pixel and the altitude of the sensor (Fig.3).
		Infrared sensors are “passive” devices, which means they do not send out and receive signals as do “active” sensors, such as laser or radar sensors.
		A space based infrared system allows each sensor to view a large area due to its high altitude; however, because satellites are so far away, the infrared radiation needs to travel a great distance in order to reach it, which reduces the amount of radiation received at the detector.
	www.globalsecurity.org /space/library/report/1998/sbirs-brochure/part02.htm (1298 words)

	Applications for Cooled Infrared Sensors
		An infrared sensor uses pixels (picture recording elements set in linear or X by Y matrix arrays) that record the scene being viewed.
		If the detectors are arranged in linear arrays, the array must be scanned with a mechanical or optical chopper to see the "object space." If the detectors are arranged in an X by Y matrix (staring array), the detectors need not be chopped, as all pixels are looking at the scene all the time.
		Viewing the TTRS with the infrared detectors enables the calibration of the gain in the preamplifiers that are receiving the output of the detector signals for responsivity variations in the detectors.
	www.marlow.com /Applications/DSP/applications_for_cooled_infrared.htm (911 words)

	Sensors
		The sensor works by emitting an infrared light from the emitter while the vehicle is in motion.
		Sensors 4, 5, 6 are the same, but on the left side, parallel to the first three sensors, respectively.
		The sensors are attached to the analog input port of the PCB.
	www.cs.odu.edu /~cpi/cpi-s2002/dads/sensor.html (739 words)

	Sensors Magazine Online - November 2000 - Smart Infrared Temperature Sensors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		For example, some of the sensors in a wire galvanizing plant used to be mounted over vats of molten lead, zinc, and/or muriatic acid and accessible only by reaching out over the vats from a catwalk.
		Infrared (IR) radiation is part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes radio waves, microwaves, visible light, and ultraviolet light, as well as gamma rays and X-rays.
		For example, a sensor with a narrow spectral range centered at 3.43 microns is optimized for measuring the surface temperature of polyethylene and related materials.
	www.sensorsmag.com /articles/1100/48/main.shtml (2531 words)

	[muRata] Sensors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The features of these sensors are wide dynamic range, wide gap characteristic, and high output, enabling detection of either ferromagnetic or magnetic patterns.
		Murata's rotary sensors employ magnetoresistors incorporating InSb (intermetallic compound semiconductor) combined with permanent magnets.
		The magnetoresistors and permanent magnet comprise an optimal magnetic circuit, which is protected with an oil-proof and dust-proof enclosure that is resistant to harsh environments.
	www.murata.com /sensor (183 words)

	City Technology: Semiconductors
		A further component that enhances the performance of IR gas sensors is a temperature sensor.
		Infrared sensors effectively give a measure of the number of target gas molecules in the light path between source and detector.
		An overall block schematic of a typical 2 channel IR gas sensor with separate supporting electronics is shown in Fig 2.
	www.citytech.com /technology/irsensors.asp (502 words)

	Sensors Infrared Light Interferometric Laser thickness measurement position tomopgraphy
		ILIS is a family of sensors that uses the technology of optical fibres and the working principle of white light interferometry.
		The measurement is however done in the infrared between 1300-1500 nm.
		According to the type of treatment used, this sensor allows different applications such as the absolute measurement of small and median distances (0-5 mm +/-1µm up to 0-400 mm +/- 1 µm), thickness measurement of translucent materials, the optical tomography of materials for which the infrared is penetrating (biologic tissues, plastics, polymers, ceramics, composite materials).
	www.microphotonics.com /ilis.html (204 words)

	KODAK EKTACHROME Professional Infrared EIR Film: Tech Pub TI2323 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Infrared sensitivity from 700 to 900 nm and normal (near ultraviolet and visible) sensitivity from 380 to 700 nm
		Infrared radiation appears as red, which is the result of yellow dye formation in one layer, magenta dye formation in a second layer, and the absence of cyan dye.
		KODAK EKTACHROME Professional Infrared EIR Film is suitable in agriculture and forest surveys for the detection of crop yields, crop and tree diseases, insect infestations, and identification of tree species.
	kodak.com /global/en/professional/support/techPubs/ti2323/ti2323.jhtml (3498 words)

	Comag IR - Infrared Gas Sensors, Infrared Gas Detectors, Infrared Gas analyzers, Infrared CO Sensors, CO2 Sensors, HC ...
		Infrared (IR) radiation is "redder than red", and so cannot easily be seen, but otherwise it is just like ordinary light.
		The solution is the new generation digital infrared CO gas sensors from Comag IR, and the energy savings are huge - typically 60% on fan energy and 50% on energy for heating / cooling as compared with CAV or VAV ventilation.
		The SmartScan 4022D infrared gas analyzer now comes in a small transport case for the CO data logger with the new optional and highly accurate digital temperature and humidity sensors.
	www.comag-ir.com (403 words)

	Lens and Focusing Devices for Pyroelectric Infrared Sensors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The sensor will only produce a change in its output voltage when one of its elements is exposed to a change in radiation and the other is not exposed.
		When a lens is not used in front of a sensor and an IR emitting body is close to the sensor, about 3 or 4 feet and it moves across the front of the sensor, the radiated IR will expose one element more than the other and a voltage output will result.
		Multiple baffle strips can be placed in front of the sensor to alternately block IR from one sensor element at a time even when the IR emitting body is at greater angles to the front of the sensor.
	www.glolab.com /focusdevices/focus.shtml (1369 words)

	infrared radiation on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		INFRARED RADIATION [infrared radiation] electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength in the range from c.75 × 10
		A recent development has been the expansion of research in infrared astronomy ; infrared sensors are sent aloft in balloons, rockets, and satellites to study the infrared radiation reaching the earth from other parts of the solar system and beyond.
		Mycobacterium szulgai; malnutrition and wounds; biological indicators; sterilizing with infrared radiation.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/i1/infrared.asp (904 words)

	Infrared Gas Sensors, Gas Detectors, IR Gas Detection, IR Gas Sensor, Gas Sensor, Gas Detector, Infrared ...
		The solution is the new generation digital infrared CO sensors from kTSensor, and the energy savings are huge - typically 60% on fan energy and 50% on energy for heating / cooling as compared with CAV or VAV ventilation.
		The new 4021H infrared gas sensor for reliable low level detection 0-1000ppm of CO (carbon monoxide) is now shipping.
		The SmartScan 4022D infrared gas sensor now comes in a small transport case for the CO data logger with the new optional and highly accurate digital temperature and humidity sensors.
	www.ktsensor.com (379 words)

	Dynament UK - Infrared Gas Sensors
		The sensors use the well established non dispersive infrared (NDIR) technique to monitor the presence of gases and vapours via their infrared spectral signature.
		These sensors provide equipment designers with a fast track route to introduce the latest infrared technology for detection of Hydrocarbon, Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide gases without the requirement for any specialist knowledge.
		Standard infrared gas sensors provide a 'raw' signal ouput to be be fed into external processing electonics and software provided either by the equipment manuafcturer or via an OEM board available from Dynament Ltd.
	www.dynament.com (329 words)

	Newton's Apple: Teacher's Guides
		If you combine infrared radiation with radio waves, microwaves, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, X rays, and gamma rays, you'll end up with a broad band of radiation frequencies called the electromagnetic spectrum.
		Using special infrared scanners, a thermographic scanner takes these differences in radiation intensity, codes them by color, and maps them out so that "hot spots" can be detected.
		Using your television's remote control as a source of infrared radiation, you will compare the behavior of a beam of infrared radiation to that of a beam of visible light.
	www.ktca.org /newtons/11/infrared.html (1192 words)

	BeeSoft User's Guide and Reference beeman~1.htm
		Infrared light —; that part of the electromagnetic spectrum of radiation above 0.75 millimeters in wavelength —; is not visible to humans.
		These sensors give some indication of the proximity of an obstacle by emitting light and measuring the intensity of the reflection bounced back off the obstacle’s surface.
		The infrared sensors have a fairly short range — about ½ meter — and the reflectance value is heavily dependent on the color of the object detected.
	www.cs.washington.edu /ai/Mobile_Robotics/docs/BeeSoft-manual-1.2-2/beeman36.htm (517 words)

	Speed, Position and Current Sensors - Honeywell Sensing and Control
		These rotary and linear position sensors utilize a tried and true potentiometric-based technology originally developed for military applications and more recently applied to industrial markets, since they are rugged, long-life units with infinite resolution.
		Ultrasonic position sensors for presence/absence sensing, precision distance sensing or tracking for areas where other sensing technologies have difficulty, such as clear or shiny objects, foggy or particle-laden air or splashing liquids.
		We provide proximity sensors and switches for position sensing of aircraft doors, slats landing gear, linkages and actuators designed around proprietary, high sensitivity technology, incorporating either two-wire passive or three-, four- or five-wire active hermetically sealed sensors.
	content.honeywell.com /sensing/products/speedposition (492 words)

	Passive Infrared Occupancy Sensors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The sensors work as part of an integrated system of lighting control with other Watt Stopper occupancy sensors to reliably control lighting in a variety of applications.
		Occupancy is sensed when the unit detects a change in infrared heat radiated in motion within the controlled area.
		The CI sensors utilize The Watt Stopper1s ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) technology which reduces the sensors1 components and provides greater reliability to users.
	www.brite-lite.com /Products/Wattpassive.htm (492 words)

	Sensors and Sensor at eTesters
		The word 'sensor' is derived from entire meaning 'to perceive' and 'transducer' is from transducer meaning 'to lead scross'.
		A dictionary definition of 'sensor' is `a device that detects a change in a physical stimulus and turns it into a signal which can be measured or recorded; a corresponding definition of 'transducer' is 'a device that transfers power from one system to another in the same or in the different form'.
		Integrated thermoelement on sensor measures temperature of fluid from -13º to 212ºF. Temperature and degree of saturation are reported as 4-20 mA signal.
	www.etesters.com /topics/view.cfm/topic/Sensors (680 words)

	Infrared Sensors of Smartec
		The Smartec infrared sensor SMTIR9901 and SMTIR9902 are sophisticated full silicon infrared sensors and comprise of so called thermopiles.
		The sensors can be used in measuring the radiation temperature without any contact.
		The sensor is available in a standard TO-05 encapsulation and and is equipped with a 5.5 micrometer filter.
	www.smartec.nl /infrared_sensor.htm (141 words)

	Halfbakery: Economical Infrared Sensors
		Granted the amount of power used is extremely minute, but if everytime somebody turned on their TV that energy was saved we might just be able to add a few nanoseconds more to the time before the light burns out on humanity.
		The only thing I haven't figured out is how exactly to get a infrared sensor to only work when the signal is for the device it controls.
		these have an infrared sensor in them and a chip that will demodulate the signal and return the 1s and 0s (like a radio) to the microcontroller.
	www.halfbakery.com /idea/Economical_20Infrared_20Sensors (1268 words)

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