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Topic: Ingraham Glacier

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	Edward Sturgis Ingraham
		Samuel Ingraham was a master mariner, whose service was chiefly in packet ships which sailed from the Kennebec River and conducted a general passenger and freight business along the coast to the West Indies.
		Ingraham was elected by the Republican party as Superintendent of King County Schools in 1876, and re-elected, in 1878 and 1880, serving six years continuously.
		Ingraham was married in Seattle, in April, 1888, to Miss Myra Carr, a native of Oregon, whose parents were pioneers in the early 1860s.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/e/ed/edward_sturgis_ingraham.html (627 words)

	Peakware - Summit Routes on Mount Rainier
		The approach is from the town of Paradise, south of the mountain, and involves climbing or traversing the Cowlitz and Ingraham Glaciers, then Disapointment Cleaver, then the upper Ingraham Glacier to the east crater rim.
		This straightforward glacier climb is a popular west side route, and is a generally direct route to the summit plateau.
		The route ascends several glaciers and ridges, including the steep snow-ice slopes of Liberty Ridge, which lead to Liberty Cap Glacier and ultimately Liberty Cap.
	www.peakware.com /encyclopedia/peaks/routes/rainier.htm (431 words)

	Glaciers of Mount Rainier National Park
		Glaciers are among the most conspicuous and dynamic geologic features on Mount Rainier in Washington state.
		Glaciers flow under the influence of gravity by the combined action of sliding over the rock on which they lie and by deformation, the gradual displacement between and within individual ice crystals.
		The glacier terminus is at a relatively low elevation and is surrounded by mature forest and shrubbery.
	www.nps.gov /mora/ncrd/glaciers.htm (1374 words)

	Climbing Routes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		The Ingraham Direct (or Ingraham Glacier route) is preferred by climbers early in the season.
		From the basin, follow the climbers' path up the moraine to the snout of the Inter Glacier at 6,800 ft. Ascend the Inter Glacier, negotiating crevasses as needed to Camp Curtis at 9,000 ft on Ruth Ridge, which is on your left hand (southerly) side.
		From Camp Curtis, descend 100 feet to the Emmons Glacier on a climbers path of loose rock.
	www.nps.gov /mora/climb/cl_rtes.htm (1314 words)

	Mount Rainier National Park Sights Page
		Glaciers come from snow that does not melt from year to year-it accumulates to greater and greater depths.
		Nisqually Glacier is one of the most accessible glaciers on Mount Rainier.
		Emmons Glacier, on the east slope of Mount Rainier, has a surface area of 4.3 square miles, the largest area of any glacier in the contiguous United States.
	www.mount.rainier.national-park.com /sights.htm (1227 words)

	Ingraham High School Definition / Ingraham High School Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Ingraham High School is a public school (grades 9 through 12) located in north Seattle.
		Its namesake is Edward Sturgis IngrahamEdward Sturgis Ingraham (April ?, 1852--August 16?, 1926) was the first superintendent of the Seattle Public Schools, a noted mountaineer who climbed Mount Rainier 13 times, and a leader in the effort to establish Mount Rainier National Park.
		Ingraham High School is a small school with a diverse student population.
	www.elresearch.com /Ingraham_High_School (265 words)

	The Bellingham Herald (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		The Emmons Glacier route is approximately the same difficulty of climb, with a slightly longer approach.
		The team crossed the Ingraham Glacier and started ascending Disappointment Cleaver, the first part of which is rocky and snow-free.
		The upper Ingraham Glacier is fractured to the point where in later season (August and September), the guide service that leads trips up the route places aluminum ladders across many of the crevasses.
	cityguide.bellinghamherald.com /fe/outdoors/stories/204617.html (1745 words)

	CVO Website - Mount Rainier Glaciers and Glaciations
		These outburst floods from South Tahoma Glacier occurred during periods of unusually hot or rainy weather in summer or early autumn, and were apparently caused by rapid input of meltwater or rainwater to the base of the glacier.
		Nine kilometers (5.5 miles) downstream from the glacier, the Nisqually-Longmire Road (equivalent to Highway 706 west of the park entrance) was buried by 9 meters (28 feet) of mud and debris.
		Stevens Creek flows from the glacier to the Muddy Fork of the Cowlitz River on the southern boundary of the park.
	vulcan.wr.usgs.gov /Volcanoes/Rainier/Glaciers/description_rainier_glaciers.html (5630 words)

	Day Three - Summit
		Our first task was to cross the Cowlitz glacier and ascend Cathedral Gap, a low spot in the ridge between us and the Ingraham glacier.
		There is a flat spot a little ways up this glacier that is used as an overflow campground - it has a tremendous view but is one of those places where you go roped and belayed to the bathroom as a crevasse could open up at any time and place.
		Past the Ingraham Flats, we entered the hardest and most dangerous section of the climb.
	www.logicsmith.com /rainier3.html (604 words)

	Cool Trails: Mt. Rainier (summit), Washington
		RMI is very directive--I've heard the words drill sgt and others used to describe them--but their objective is to get 20-plus inexperienced and often under-conditioned people safely up and down (the summit doesn't count unless you get down) and they are very good at it.
		From here we headed up the Ingraham Glacier and through the Ingraham Ice Fall--a place where the glacier comes over a cliff and breaks up into big chunks--kind of a stop-action waterfall.
		Walking in a narrow trough on a steep glacier with a crevasse 50 feet downslope with clumsy boots and crampons takes all your concentration--looking around while walking is disastrous.
	www.cooltrails.com /mtrainier.htm (1239 words)

	Mt. Rainier -- July 1-3, 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Kevin, Greg, Michelle and I ventured up there to do the Ingraham Direct route, which follows the Disappointment Cleaver route until the Ingraham Glacier icefall, and then, instead of heading up the Cleaver at 11,500 ft, it ascends directly up the icefall, making for one of the most spectacular routes I've done.
		I was a bit nervous sending them off in that direction with zero visibility, because there is an ice cliff that empties onto the Cowlitz Glacier, not far from where we were going to camp.
		Luckily we found the camp and later used the ice cliff to practice crevasse rescue and to harvest glacier snow for drinking water.
	www.hargarten.com /Mt_Rainier_070100.htm (671 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		The Ingraham Headwall (Direct) variation rarely sees ascents later in the climbing season as the glacier is highly broken at 11,500' (and above) and is mostly difficult to pass.
		In early season when the Ingraham Glacier is not too broken by crevasses, one can ascend the glacier located on the left (south) side of the Disappointment Cleaver.
		From the map, it appears that this variation is attempted by a right traverse (to the north) around the base of the Cleaver at 10,600' and climbing west up the left (south) side of the Emmons Glacier when it rejoins the standard route at the top of the Cleaver.
	www.ece.utexas.edu /~kmram/rainier.html (484 words)

	Not Squally over the Nisqually Glacier - Climber.Org Trip Report
		This large glacier is not very severely fractured this year so it was very good to practice on.
		A certain roped travel instructional over this glacier took us to a saddle between the Cathedral Rocks and I stared in horror at the Ingraham Glacier that we were supposed to navigate the next day for the summit attempt.
		The group pace was slow and the path we choose was steep and relentlessly uphill (right of the Ingraham Headwall) and we went past the point where the Emmons Glacier peels away.
	www.climber.org /TripReports/1997/242.html (990 words)

	Washington Highpoint
		Since it was still early in the climbing season on Rainier, we took the Ingraham Glacier route, a more direct route than the most widely used Disappointment Clever route, which is used later in the season.
		Once on the Ingraham Glacier, we moved up between Gibraltar Rock and Disappointment Clever and then up to the summit, which is the rim of the volcano.
		On the Ingraham Glacier, we crossed one ladder over a crevasse and stepped over a couple of other crevasses.
	www.borntorun.com /highpoints/wa.html (1069 words)

	MRNP Conditions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Ice is visible on the steeper sections of Mowich Face, Sunset Ridge and the Kautz Glacier ice chute.
		It should be noted, however, that most climbing teams ascend the Ingraham Glacier Direct during the winter and spring.
		The snow conditions on the Cowlitz Cleaver and Cowlitz Glacier are quite firm, especially along the ridge from Camp Muir to the Beehive.
	www.mountaineers.org /Climbing/News_Events/MRNP_Conditions.html (539 words)

	Michael-Hodges.com -- Mt. Ida -- June 7, 2005
		The Nisqually Glacier and ice fall is especially impressive, even from a distance.
		All that could be seen in the moonlight was the glacier, the outline of the rocks above and headlamps of other climbers in the distance.
		There is the white snow/ice mix near the top, the deepening blue of the glacial ice below that fades into the flness that is the soul of the crevasse.
	www.michael-hodges.com /one_step_at_a_time.htm (1517 words)

	Ingrahm Glacier/Disappointment Cleaver Climbing Route, Mount Rainier
		Difficulty: Grade II - III; 35 degree snow and ice, glacier travel, altitude.
		Objective Hazards: crevasses, avalanche in early season, ice fall and rock fall.
		The fee is $15 per climber or $25 for an unlimited annual permit, cash or check only.
	www.mountainweb.com /mountain-climbing/view-mountain-climbing.jsp?mountain=1117 (67 words)

	Climbing Mount Rainier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		There are permanent glaciers on the mountain, and temperatures and conditions vary enormously between the trailheads and the summit.
		We made an Alpine start (as is the practice on the glaciated peaks, to avoid ice and rock movement during the heat of the day), leaving camp at 1:30 AM.
		On the way down the Ingraham Glacier we came across evidence of an accident; there was blood on the glacier.
	www.tardis.ed.ac.uk /~ajcd/tales/rainier.html (1836 words)

	Glacial Landforms Lab - UWSP Geography 101
		Compute the mass balance for each entire glacier for the summer, the winter, and the net total, and enter the information into Table 1.
		Glaciers 1 and 2 are at the same latitude, but have slightly different equilibrium line elevations.
		A line of brown speckles on the Cowlitz Glacier originates at the tip of Cathedral Rocks and extend to the southern tip (snout) of the glacier.
	www.uwsp.edu /geo/faculty/heywood/GEOG101/LABS/Glacial/Glacial.htm (1297 words)

	Mt. Rainier Climbs - Craig Oen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Once on the Ingraham we would follow it up the mountain until we got to a saddle between Tahoma and Rainier called the Ingraham Flats and set up a base camp.
		A good place to camp between the Summerland area and the Ingraham Glacier on Mt. Tahoma needed to be located and the two glaciers on the flanks of Mt. Tahoma checked out to see if they were easy to traverse.
		The Ingraham was kind of broken up with crevasses so the route up wound back and fourth, crossing several snow bridges.
	www.toledotel.com /~caley/Stories/MtRainierClimbs.html (3390 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		They'd come around Cathedral Gap, and were a few hundred metres ahead of us on the Ingraham Glacier at this point.
		In summer, the Ingraham is heavily crevassed and relatively slow going; with heavy snow, we could take a much more direct route.
		Above the Ingraham, we climbed icier slopes towards the summit crater, and arrived at the rim at around 2pm.
	math.berkeley.edu /~scott/trips/TR-Rainier2004.txt (682 words)

	SummitPost.org - Mount Rainier - Fuhrer Finger/Thumb
		On the other side of the glacier there is a snow chute that is marked on the right side by a large rock buttress known as the Fan.
		Fuhrer Finger is a wide couloir with an hourglass funnel on the eastern face of the Headwall at 10,000 feet.
		The recommended decent is not back through the Finger, rather the Kautz Glacier, or via Ingraham Glacier or Disappointment Cleaver through Camp Muir.
	www.summitpost.org /show/route_link.pl/route_id/2181/object_id/117 (348 words)

	SummitPost.org - Mount Rainier - Disappointment Cleaver
		On the other side of Cathedral Gap, you climb onto the Ingraham Glacier and soon pass Ingraham Flat, an alternative overnight spot.
		The route contours around this glacier to the large rocky ridge to the north, the DC.
		Later in the season large gaps may open between the glacier and the cleaver, so be careful to watch your step, particularly if it is still dark.
	www.summitpost.com /show/route_link.pl/route_id/161/object_id/117 (1008 words)

	Mt. Rainier (attempt)
		But at Ingraham Flats the wind was stronger than ever.
		I'd look up the glacier in the dawn light and see a vast cloud of spindrift hurtling down at a tremendous speed.
		The Muir snowfield was a raging sea of roiling ice particles.
	www.mountainwerks.org /cma/2002/rainier.htm (1473 words)

	americasroof news - hiking and climbing the highest mountains and hills in the world and U.S.
		This worked out very well since there's about 10,000 feet of elevation gain on the route, and it puts you in pretty good shape for summit day (which is still long).
		March 15 2005, 6:39 PM I also made the extra 1,000 ft. climb to Ingraham Flats on Day 1 of my Rainier climb in 1980 to escape the crowds that were building at Camp Muir.
		March 24 2005, 10:01 PM I think the safest place on Rainier highest to the summit is the Ingraham Flats for the DC route.
	www.network54.com /Forum/thread?forumid=3897&messageid=1109799282 (1235 words)

	SummitPost.org - Mount Rainier - Ingraham Glacier Direct (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		Along with Gibralter Ledges, the Ingraham Glacier Direct is the standard route on Mount Rainier during the winter (December to the end of May).
		The route heads directly up the 45 degree headwall of the Ingraham Glacier avoiding many small and some huge crevasses.
		You will notice some huge seracs towards the west side of the Ingraham Glacier at about 12,500 feet.
	www.summitpost.com /show/route_link.pl/route_id/1686/object_id/117 (446 words)

	Icefall-Andy Smith (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-14)
		The glacier splits at the Cleaver and into two streams that flow down the east and the west sides.
		The flow on the west side is a steep cascading jumble of seracs crevasses.
		After dinner Joe and I were in the cook pit helping with the clean-up, Chuck and several of the scouts were settling down in a tent just above the cook pit and Tom and Scott were supervising the smoothing out of a sleeping platform next to the cook pit on the west side.
	www.toledotel.com /~caley/Stories/Icefall.html (602 words)

	Mt Rainier Mountaineering Accident - Mt Rainier (RMI) - June 6, 2002
		They were on the Ingraham Direct route, an early-summer variation of the regular Ingraham Glacier climb, which is the most frequently traveled route on the mountain.
		Climbers depart from Paradise on Rainier's south side, ascend to Camp Muir at 10,000 feet, cross the Cowlitz Glacier, then head directly up the steep upper Ingraham Glacier to the summit.
		The route is more direct than the traditional Muir-Ingraham Glacier route that takes climbers across Ingraham Flats and up along the giant rock of Disappointment Cleaver.
	www.i-world.net /oma/news/accidents/2002-06-06-rainier.html (765 words)

	Climbing page
		High on Inter Glacier was a rock outcrop, a perfect place for a break.
		The section of glacier that is seen in this shot is the Emmons Glacier.
		It is rare that crevasses open up on Inter Glacier and it wasn't there the day before when we were going up.
	www.angelfire.com /wa3/ourlife/climbing1.htm (856 words)

	Mt. Rainier Paradise Ingraham Glacier Disappointment Cleaver Camp Muir Washington State Mountain Climb
		Jennifer could not leave Muir because it was so hard to make it to Muir and she had a lot of weight in her pack, so that among other things killed her steam.
		Tim was the next to have trouble at Ingraham Flats, I started to push the team to move faster because of time.
		Then Tim realized he was finished and he stayed at Ingraham Flats until daylight to return to Muir.
	www.ascentstudio.com /rainier/curt.html (585 words)

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