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Topic: Inherent vowel

Related Topics

vowel roundedness

vowel height

front vowel

close vowel

rounded vowel

open vowel

open back unrounded vowel

mid vowel

vowel harmony

unrounded vowel

Great Vowel Shift

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	Khmer script - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Vowels can be divided into two groups: dependent vowel signs, which are written around a consonant letter, and independent vowel letters, which can stand alone.
		As to which phone is used depends on the series (or the inherent vowel) of the dominant consonant in a syllable cluster.
		Independent vowels are vowels that do not have to be paired with a consonant in a syllable, hence the name.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Khmer_alphabet (1179 words)

	Abugida - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An abugida or alphasyllabary is a writing system composed of signs (graphemes) denoting consonants with an inherent following vowel, which are consistently modified to indicate other vowels (or, in some cases, the lack of a vowel).
		This vowel may be changed by adding vowel marks to the basic character, producing other syllables beginning with k-; कि = ki, कु = ku, के = ke, को = ko.
		This is called the virama (from Sanskrit) or halant (from Hindi), and may be used to form consonant clusters, or when a consonant occurs at the end of a word.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abugida (686 words)

	Letter to Sound Rules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		However, in Hindi the inherent vowel (short /a/) associated with a consonant is not pronounced depending on the context.
		For example, the word kamala [lotus] is mapped to a sequence of consonant and vowel sounds /k/ /a/ /m/ /a/ /l/, ignoring the vowel associated with /l/.
		For characters in final position, the inherent vowel (/a/) is always suppressed.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /~awb/papers/eurospeech2003/unitsize/node4.html (190 words)

	Gurmukhī script - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gurmukhi is a form of writing system called an abugida, as each consonant has an inherent vowel (a), that can be changed using vowel signs.
		This inherent vowel sound can be changed by using dependent vowel signs which attach to a bearing consonant.
		In some cases, dependent vowel signs cannot be used – at the beginning of a word or syllable for instance – and so an independent vowel character is used instead.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gurmukhi (1530 words)

	introduction to indic scripts
		Vowels that appear at the beginning of a word or after a preceding vowel with no intervening consonant are typically rendered using independent vowel letters.
		For 60% of Devanagari conjuncts the consonants that lose the vowel typically lose their characteristic vertical bar (which is historically associated with the sound of the inherent vowel).
		A pair of vowels considered to be a single phoneme where the tongue moves from one to the other in such as way as to cause continual change in vowel quality.
	people.w3.org /rishida/scripts/indic-overview (6218 words)

	Monotype: Non Latin Font
		Burmese is a syllabic script in which the basic unit is the consonant-based syllable with an inherent [a] vowel.
		At the beginning of a word, vowels appear in independent form which is based on a fixed 'vowel bearer' modified by diacritics.
		In Burmese, the inherent vowel of a syllable is suppressed by a circular stroke above the character.
	www.monotypefonts.com /Library/Non-Latin-Library.asp?show=info&lan=burmese (305 words)

	ISV: Information for Devanagari & Hindi Fonts
		Inherent to each consonant-based syllable is a vowel, usually [a].
		Vowels can appear in independent form (usually, in word-initial position) or in diacritic form to replace the inherent vowel of a syllable.
		Vowel suppressor: called virama, this symbol is used to suppress the inherent vowel of a syllable.
	www.monotypeimaging.com /isv/wt_info.asp?lan=devanagari&print=true (563 words)

	Homepage of Abu Jar M Akkas
		In transliteration, vowel markers always follow the consonants, in all cases even it is visually placed before, after or around a consonant in the originally orthography.
		Absence of this inherent- vowel_a will assume that the consonants placed together are conceptually conjuncts and in the visual representation will, by default, try to show them as conjuncts.
		The character va in blue in the consonant chart should be replaced with ba because, although va and ba have different value and weightage in grammar, va is always realised as ba orthographically.
	www.geocities.com /ajmakkas/ling1.html (954 words)

	Abugida
		Abugida is a term coined by Peter T. Daniels for a script whose basic signs denote consonants with an inherent vowel and where consistent modifications of the basic sign indicate other following vowels than the inherent one.
		Thus, in an abugida there is no sign for "k", but instead one for "ka" (if "a" is the inherent vowel), and "ke" is written by modifying the "ka" sign in a way that is consistent with how one would modify "la" to get "le".
		In many abugidas the modification is the addition of a vowel sign, but other possibilities are imaginable (and used), such as rotation of the basic sign, addition of diacritical marks, and so on.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/a/ab/abugida.html (273 words)

	ISV: Information by Language
		Used to represent the 21 vowel sounds of Lao, vowel symbols can take either diacritic or syllable-initial forms and are grouped in parallel sets of short and long vowels.
		Vowel diacritics, which can appear next to, above or below a consonant, serve to replace the inherent vowel of the consonant.
		Whenever appearing in syllable-initial form, vowels are actually presented as modifiers of a consonant, the glottal stop.
	www.monotypeimaging.com /isv/wt_info.asp?lan=lao&print=true (324 words)

	Definition of Writing system - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The reason for this is that Semitic languages and the related Berber languages have a morphemic structure which makes the denotation of vowels redundant in most cases.
		Many scripts derived from abjads have been extended with vowel symbols to become full alphabets, the most famous case being the derivation of the Greek alphabet from the Phoenician abjad.
		The graphic similarity comes from the fact that most abugidas are derived from abjads, and the consonants make up the symbols with the inherent vowel, and the new vowel symbols are markings added on to the base symbol.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Writing_systems (2407 words)

	science in India - linguistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The syllable is the basic unit of the script but since the vowels are clearly demarcated from the consonants, the Brahmi cannot be considered a syllabic script in the true sense of the word.
		The horizontal line is broken between words that end on a diphthong, a vowel, a week spirant (visarga) or a nasal spirant (anuswara), and words beginning with a consonant.
		The inherent vowel with the consonant is a common fact as is the practice of connecting other vowels through diacritics (signs placed above or below a letter) to the consonants.
	www.indiaheritage.com /science/ling.htm (1898 words)

	Indic script blocks
		In the examples that follow, consonants without the inherent vowel are depicted with a virama.
		In Devanagari, where a non-inherent vowel is pronounced immediately after the cluster and is normally rendered to the left of a character, it will be rendered to the left of the whole cluster, eg.
		In a number of cases, the combination of base character and combining character produces a fused shape that must be rendered by use of a ligature or special context-sensitive glyph forms (see also the next section for use of the virama).
	www.w3.org /2002/Talks/09-ri-indic/indic-paper.html (5709 words)

	Khmer
		Khmer is an extremely vowel-rich language with a vowel inventory consisting of twenty-five to twenty-seven short and long vowels, depending on the dialect.
		Vowels are indicated by using either separate letters or diacritics, which are written above, below, in front of, after or around the consonants.
		The pronunciation of the vowels depends on whether a consonant they are attached to belongs to the first or the second series.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/april/khmer.html (745 words)

	Introduction to the Sinhalese writing system
		The alphabet consists of 18 vowels and 35 consonants.
		A vowel following a consonant (or a series of consonants) is denoted by a special stroke, or certain auxiliary characters appearing on the right or on the left of the consonant.
		A ligature between two consonants implies that the first one is not followed by a vowel; the virama sign is ommited in that case.
	www-texdev.ics.mq.edu.au /l2h/indic/Sinhala/lreport/node2.html (338 words)

	Blaug Blawg Blog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		That is, every consonant in written Hindi is by default assumed to be followed by an inherent vowel sound "uh," which is represented in phonetic transcription as a scwha and in transliterated English (sometimes) as 'a'.
		Depending on its context within and between words, sometimes the vowel is elided, sometimes it is pronounced, sometimes not.
		But the inherent vowel (from what I've been able to find so far) probably isn't a psychologically real thing in the Hindi language, but is a convention of the Devanagari alphasyllabary, in which Hindi is written.
	users.rcn.com /scottstirling/categories/indiaHinduism/2003/05/21.html (347 words)

	Description of the Kannada Language
		In the presence of the dependent vowel, however, the inherent vowel associated with a consonant letter is overridden by the dependent vowel.
		The dependent vowels, also known as Swaras in Kannada, serve as the common manner of writing non-inherent vowels and are generally referred to as Swara Chinhas in Kannada or Matras in Sanskrit.
		A single consonant or a consonant cluster may have a dependent vowel applied to it to indicate the vowel quality of the syllable, when it is different from the inherent vowel.
	brahmi.sourceforge.net /docs/KannadaComputing.html (2782 words)

	Terms: Bengali OpenType specification
		In "degenerate" syllables that have no vowel (last letter of a word), the last consonant in halant form serves as the base consonant and is mapped as the base glyph.
		The Halant form is used in syllables that have no vowel or as the half form when no distinct shape for the half form exists.
		Matra (Dependent Vowel) - used to represent a vowel sound that is not inherent to the consonant.
	www.microsoft.com /typography/otfntdev/bengalot/terms.htm (822 words)

	MT WorldType Kannada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		It is a syllabic alphabet whose basic unit is the consonant-based syllable with an inherent [a] vowel.
		Consonant clusters, a series of consonants without intervening vowels, are typically written by attaching the secondary com-ponent as a reduced subscript to the primary consonant.
		In Kannada script, the inherent vowel of a syllable is sup-pressed by a virama which is a small superscript mark on the syllable.
	www.monotype.co.uk /NonLatin/wt_info/info_kannada.html (355 words)

	AncientScripts.com: Thai (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		When the letter occurs at the beginning of a consonant cluster or at the end of a syllable the inherent vowel is left unpronounced.
		However, unlike other related scripts which usually use a mark to indicate that the inherent vowel is not pronounced, Thai does not make use of this mark, so often it becomes somewhat confusing to the beginning learner as to which letter's inherent vowels should be pronounced and which shouldn't be.
		In order to represent a different vowel other than the inherent, extra strokes or marks are added around the basic letter.
	www.ancientscripts.com /thai.html (647 words)

	Detailed analysis of scripts
		If the virama is denoted by \, there exist the graphemic types (with inherent vowel), (with virama), , etc. In this analysis, the k in , for instance, does not produce a separate graphemic type, because it never occurs alone.
		Hindi pronunciation generally drops a final inherent a, and also certain cases of medial inherent a, although this is not shown when writing.
		Occasionally it is necessary to call on the target script to indicate things such as vowel hiatus or word breaks, by the use of what may be called 'meta-signs'.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /stone-catend/tr-a1.htm (949 words)

	pronunciationunit3
		) occurs on the top of the final consonant of a syllable and it is used to shorten the vowel of that syllable.
		All Khmer consonant, there is an inherent vowel.
		In a syllable with invisible vowel, bantaq is used to shorten the inherent vowel.
	www.seasite.niu.edu /khmer/conversation/unit3/pronunciation/Pronunciation.htm (123 words)

	Exotic Locales Concept Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Khmer script is adapted to the language by adding extra vowel signs and various diacritic marks, and by using the choice of consonant as well as of vowel signs to determine the particular vowel sound represented.
		Thus most vowel signs do not have a single value but must be interpreted in the context of the associated consonant.
		All of the vowel signs except long a are integrated into the glyphs used for consonants, becoming projections from the consonants rather than being separate marks as in most of the modern Indic scripts.
	www.cit.gu.edu.au /~davidt/cit3611/C_UNIX/exotic_locales.htm (1370 words)

	Khmer Unicode Mailing List 2001/11/22
		U+17B4 is the abrupt/short inherent vowel inherited from Indic languages (and is exceptionally used in Khmer, typically when using Sanskrit [Pali?] loan words with their native pronunciations; often associated with the speech of Buddhist monks, royalty, and high ranking officials).
		There is at most one vowel per consonant cluster: it is either an inherent vowel, a dependent vowel, or no vowel at all [as is typically the case in the final cluster of a Khmer word...when there is more than one consonant cluster in the word].
		Hence, I would recommend that we do not deprecate the inherent vowels (to the point of asking that they not be used at all; although it might be useful to more strictly acknowledge in the associated annotation that they are only for specialist use).
	home.clara.net /bauhahnm/Khmer/KUM20011122.html (1473 words)

	Monotype: Non Latin Font
		The inherent vowel can be overridden by an explicitly attached vowel which can appear to either side of the consonant, as well as above or below it.
		As far as vowels are concerned, there is no consensus among scholars on the exact number of unique sounds.
		Each vowel symbol can represent two sounds depending on the consonant which it modifies.
	www.monotypefonts.com /Library/Non-Latin-Library.asp?show=info&lan=khmer (204 words)

	MT WorldType Telugu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Consonant clusters, a series of consonants without intervening vowels, are typically written by attaching the secondary component as a reduced subscript to the primary consonant.
		In Telugu script, the inherent vowel of a syllable is suppressed by a viramamu which is a superscript mark on the syllable.
		Originally devised to indicate vowel nasalization, the ring-shaped anusvara is used for nasal consonants in Modern Telugu.
	www.monotype.co.uk /NonLatin/wt_info/info_telugu.html (350 words)

	U&lc: Upper & lowercase Magazine: 26.1.1 - ITC Fonts - Download PostScript and True Type Fonts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Vowel signs in Indic scripts can attach above, below, to the left or to the right of a consonant, depending on the script and the individual vowel.
		In some scripts, such as Burmese, a vowel might even be represented by a double sign, which attaches to both the left and right of the modified consonant.
		Often, the vowel sign simply attaches to the otherwise unmodified consonant sign, but as in the Bengali example shown below the new syllable can sometimes be represented by a distinct ligature form.
	www.itcfonts.com /ulc/article.asp?sec=ulc&issue=26.1.1&art=bengali (1173 words)

	Writing system - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A symbol in a syllabary typically represents an consonant sound followed by a vowel sound, or just a vowel alone.
		The reason for this is that Semitic languages have a morphemic structure which makes the denotation of vowels redundant in most cases.
		An Abugida is a alphabetic writing system whose basic signs denote consonants with an inherent vowel and where consistent modifications of the basic sign indicate other following vowels than the inherent one.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Writing_system (1506 words)

	Progress Report -- Short Reports & Work-in-Progress 4. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The duration of a vowel can be affected by speaking rate, focal stress, sentence position, posvocalic voicing and inherent vowel duration.
		Having confirmed the individual effects of these factors on vowel duration, the goal of this study was twofold: (1) to describe their effects on the timing of consonants enighboring an affected vowel, and (2) to characterize the internal timing of the syllable when these factors are combined in the same sentence.
		The results indicate that, like vowels, the closure durations of prevocalic and postvocalic consonants are affected by speaking rate, focal stress, and durations.
	www.indiana.edu /~srlweb/publication/short174.html (213 words)

	Lao
		The tone of a syllable is determined by a combination of the class of consonant, the type of syllable (open or closed), and the length of the vowel.
		As in the case of most Indic-derived scripts, the alphabet of Modern Lao is syllabic which means that Lao consonants all have an inherent vowel.
		The inherent vowel can be replaced by other vowels through the use of vowel diacritics that can appear next to, above, or below a consonant.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/may/Lao.html (652 words)

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