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Topic: Inhibitory

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inhibitory postsynaptic potential

inhibitory synapse

Gastric inhibitory peptide

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Leukemia inhibitory factor

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	Inhibitory postsynaptic potential - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential (commonly abbreviated as IPSP) is the change in membrane voltage of a postsynaptic neuron which results from synaptic activation of inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors.
		The most common inhibitory neurotransmitters in the nervous system are GABA and glycine.
		A postsynaptic potential is considered inhibitory, when the resulting change in membrane voltage makes it more difficult for the cell to fire an action potential, lowering the firing rate of the neuron.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/IPSP (198 words)

	Inhibitory neurons from fetal rat cerebral cortex exert delayed axon formation and active migration in vitro -- Hayashi ...
		Translocation of the centrosome and the Golgi apparatus during the reversal of migration in inhibitory neurons.
		The migration of inhibitory neurons was then monitored for 120 minutes before staining of the centrosome with anti-pericentrin (green), of the Golgi apparatus with anti-Golgi 58K protein (red) and of the nucleus with DAPI (blue).
		The migration of inhibitory neurons in the cerebral cortex is
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/116/21/4419 (5618 words)

	Modeling Inhibitory Plasticity in the Electrosensory System of Mormyrid Electric Fish -- Roberts 84 (4): 2035 -- ...
		The stellate cells are inhibitory and synapse onto MG cells.
		The solid (noisy) trace shows the progress of adaptation from a simulation where the inhibitory inputs are plastic, but randomly correlated with the EOD cycle.
		B: weight configuration following 400 cycles of adaptation with inhibitory inputs correlated with the EOD cycle (excitatory weights are represented by the dotted trace and inhibitory weights be the solid trace).
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/84/4/2035 (7059 words)

	Brain waves, or the EEG are electrical signals that can be recorded from the brain, either directly or through the ...
		We have found that the networks of inhibitory neurons can produce 40 Hz or gamma rhythms without the need for the much larger population of excitatory neurons (the pyramidal cells), because the rhythms survive drugs which block excitatory synaptic transmission.
		The essential idea is that when you drive inhibitory neurons so that they want to fire faster than around 40 times a second, the inhibitory synapses between these neurons prevent them firing faster than every 25 ms or so (the precise time is determined by the size and duration of the inhibitory synaptic potential).
		Slowing the inhibitory potentials (IPSPs) between inhibitory neurons slows the gamma rhythm as predicted.
	brain.web-us.com /40hz/default.htm (1220 words)

	Co-reconstitution of Phospholamban Mutants with the Ca-ATPase Reveals Dependence of Inhibitory Function on ...
		Inhibitory activity of PLB and the mutants, C41L-PLB and L37A-PLB, was assayed by measuring Ca uptake and ATP hydrolysis rates in the presence and absence of
		The inhibitory effects of wt-PLB (wtPLB), C41L-PLB (C41L), and L37A-PLB (L37A) measured at 25 °C and various molar ratios of PLB protomer/Ca-ATPase.
		wt-PLB and L37A-PLB and the absence of a significant inhibitory
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/274/12/7649 (5974 words)

	Diverse Types of Interneurons Generate Thalamus-Evoked Feedforward Inhibition in the Mouse Barrel Cortex -- Porter et ...
		Intracortical inhibitory neurons are a diverse population (Cauli et al., 1997
		to all the monosynaptic EPSCs and spikes in 59 inhibitory interneurons,
		Sillito AM (1975) The contribution of inhibitory mechanisms to the receptive field properties of neurones in the striate cortex of the cat.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/21/8/2699 (7631 words)

	Presumed Inhibitory Neurons in the Macaque Inferior Temporal Cortex: Visual Response Properties and Functional ...
		D: response profile of the inhibitory neuron (cell 1) to the 67 stimuli.
		H: response profile of the inhibitory neuron (cell 3) to the 64 stimuli.
		B and C: the trough was displaced in a negative direction, indicating the presence of inhibitory linkage from cell 4 to cell 3 (B) and cell 6 to cell 5 (C).
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/91/6/2782 (7663 words)

	CYP450- and COMT-Derived Estradiol Metabolites Inhibit Activity of Human Coronary Artery SMCs -- Dubey et al. 41 (3): ...
		Modulatory effects of 10 µmol/L of CYP450 inducers (3 MC, phenobarbital [PB], and ß-naphthoflavone [ß-NA]) and inhibitor (ABT) on the inhibitory effects of estradiol (ßE) on 2.5% FCS-induced proliferation of SMCs (A), DNA synthesis (B), collagen synthesis (concentration of estradiol of 1 nmol/L; C), and cell migration (concentration of estradiol of 1 nmol/L; D).
		Inhibitory effects of 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OE; 0.1 µmol/L) and 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME; 0.1 µmol/L) on 2.5% FCS-induced DNA synthesis, cell number, collagen synthesis, and cell migration of coronary artery SMCs in the presence and absence of the ER antagonist ICI 182,780 (ICI; 50 µmol/L), quercetin (QUE; 10 µmol/L), or OR486 (10 µmol/L).
		B, Concentration-dependent inhibitory effects of ICI 182,780 on the metabolism of estradiol to 2- and 4-hydroxyestradiol by human lymphoblastoma cells expressing CYP1A1 and by insect supersomes expressing human CYP1B1.
	hyper.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/41/3/807 (3870 words)

	Identification of human urinary trefoil factor 1 as a novel calcium oxalate crystal growth inhibitor -- Chutipongtanate ...
		With an equal amount of protein used, the inhibitory activity of recombinant TFF3 was significantly less (approximately 2-fold) than that of recombinant or urinary TFF1.
		The inhibitory activities of urinary TFF1 at concentrations of 7, 70, and 700 ng/ml were evaluated to address whether urinary TFF1 at physiological levels could inhibit CaOx crystal growth.
		The inhibitory assay was performed for a longer duration (up to 1 hour) to simulate the long-term effect of interaction between crystals and low protein concentration during the normal physiological state.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/115/12/3613 (5760 words)

	Effect of Inhaled Beclomethasone Dipropionate on Peroxynitrite Inhibitory Activity in Induced Sputum From Asthmatic ...
		inhibitory activity in induced sputum from asthmatic patients.
		inhibitory activity was assayed at least in triplicate.
		Comparison of peroxynitrite inhibitory activity in induced sputum in normal control subjects and asthmatic patients before and after BDP therapy.
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/124/5/1755 (2422 words)

	Inhibitory Receptors CD85j, LAIR-1, and CD152 Down-Regulate Immunoglobulin and Cytokine Production by Human B ...
		Expression of inhibitory molecules on the surface of B lymphocytes.
		The CD85/LIR-1/ILT2 inhibitory receptor is expressed by all human T lymphocytes and down-regulates their functions.
		In vivo expression of the CTLA4 inhibitory receptor in malignant and reactive cells from human lymphomas.
	cvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/12/6/705 (4580 words)

	R P DONN & D W RAY: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) (Journal of Endocrinology)
		Donnelly SC and Bucala R. 1997 Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: a regulator of glucocorticoid activity with a critical role in inflammatory disease.
		Mikulowska A, Metz CN, Bucala R and Holmdahl R. 1997 Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is involved in the pathogenesis of collagen type II-induced arthritis in mice.
		Murakami H, Akbar SM, Matsui H and Onji M. 2001 Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the sera and at the colonic mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis: clinical implications and pathogenic significance.
	journals.endocrinology.org /joe/182/0001/joe1820001.htm (1923 words)

	InterPro: IPR001398 Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) seems to play an important role in host inflammatory responses where it is involved in the host response to endotoxic shock probably serving as a pituitary "stress" hormone that regulates systemic inflammatory responses [ 1 ].
		Edgerton S.A. Kumari R. Tan T.H. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor of the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis.
		Hackert M.L. Stamps S.L. Taylor A.B. Wang S.C. Whitman C.P. Mechanism of the phenylpyruvate tautomerase activity of macrophage migration inhibitory factor: properties of the P1G, P1A, Y95F, and N97A mutants.
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR001398 (3071 words)

	TrkB Receptor Ligands Promote Activity-Dependent Inhibitory Synaptogenesis -- Seil and Drake-Baumann 20 (14): 5367 -- ...
		Seil FJ, Drake-Baumann R (1994) Reduced cortical inhibitory synaptogenesis in organotypic cultures developing in the absence of neuronal activity.
		Vicario-Abejon C, Collin C, McKay RDG, Segal M (1998) Neurotrophins induce formation of functional excitatory and inhibitory synapses between cultured hippocampal neurons.
		Vincent P, Marty A (1996) Fluctuations of inhibitory postsynaptic currents in Purkinje cells from rat cerebellar slices.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/20/14/5367 (5632 words)

	Differential Contribution of Inhibitory Phosphorylation of CDC2 and CDK2 for Unperturbed Cell Cycle Control and DNA ...
		Differential Contribution of Inhibitory Phosphorylation of CDC2 and CDK2 for Unperturbed Cell Cycle Control and DNA Integrity Checkpoints -- Chow et al.
		Inhibitory phosphorylation plays a major role on CDC2 activity but a relatively minor role on CDK2 activity during normal cell cycle.
		The relative contribution of inhibitory phosphorylation of cyclin-CDK complexes during asynchronous cell growth and checkpoint arrest.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/278/42/40815 (7725 words)

	Immunodeficiency Disorders -- Cooper et al. 2003 (1): 314 -- Hematology
		The prototype activating receptor is composed of a glycoprotein subunit containing an extracellular domain (often with an immunoglobulin-like or lectin-like structure) that is responsible for ligand binding.
		for the inhibitory receptors, KIR2DL1 and KIR2DL2/3, are absent
		The inhibitory receptor LIR-1 uses a common binding interaction to recognize class I MHC molecules and the viral homolog UL18.
	www.asheducationbook.org /cgi/content/full/2003/1/314 (8797 words)

	References
		Brown M.A. Metcalf D. and Gough N.M. Leukemia inhibitory factor and interleukin-6 are expressed at very low levels in the normal adult mouse and are induced by inflammation.
		Bhatt H., Brunet L.J. and Stewart C.L. Uterine expression of leukemia inhibitory factor coincides with the onset of blastocyst implantation.
		Endometrial leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) as a possible cause of unexplained infertility and multiple failures of implantation.
	www.esgro-lif.com /lif/references.htm (2414 words)

	The Role of Muscarinic and Nicotinic Cholinergic Neurotransmission in Aversive Conditioning: Comparing Pavlovian Fear ...
		For one, the role of the amygdala in inhibitory
		Parent, M. and McGaugh, J.L. Posttraining infusions of lidocaine into the amygdala basolateral complex impairs retention of inhibitory avoidance training.
		Roesler, R., Schroder, N., Vianna, M.R.M., Quevedo, J., Bromberg, E., Kapczinski, F., and Ferreira, M.B.C. Differential involvement of hippocampal and amygdalar NMDA receptors in contextual and aversive aspects of inhibitory avoidance memory in rats.
	www.learnmem.org /cgi/content/full/11/1/35 (5946 words)

	Role That Each NKG2A Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-Based Inhibitory Motif Plays in Mediating the Human CD94/NKG2A Inhibitory ...
		Signaling pathways engaged by NK cell receptors: double concerto for activating receptors, inhibitory receptors and NK cells.
		The paired Ig-like receptor PIR-B is an inhibitory receptor that recruits the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1.
		Phosphotyrosines in the killer cell inhibitory receptor motif of NKB1 are required for negative signaling and for association with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1C.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/169/4/1948 (6762 words)

	Impairment of Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission in Mice Lacking Synapsin I -- Terada et al. 145 (5): 1039 -- The Journal ...
		Impairment of Inhibitory Synaptic Transmission in Mice Lacking Synapsin I
		Frames a and b show inhibitory presynaptic terminals before hypertonic application and c and d show inhibitory presynaptic terminals after hypertonic application.
		Dormancy of inhibitory interneurons in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/145/5/1039 (5040 words)

	Trophic Factor-Induced Plasticity of Synaptic Connections Between Identified Lymnaea Neurons -- Woodin et al. 6 (3): ...
		Because these synapses are novel and inhibitory, we have termed them default synapses.
		These inappropriate inhibitory synapses are reduced in incidence by the addition of CM-derived trophic molecules (thick fl arrow), which also induce appropriate excitatory synapse formation between the paired cells.
		a compound, postsynaptic inhibitory response in the corresponding
	www.learnmem.org /cgi/content/full/6/3/307 (3989 words)

	NYU/CNS : Faculty : Core Faculty : Dan H. Sanes
		This inhibitory projection is activated by the contralateral ear, while LSO neurons receive excitatory connections from the ipsilateral ear.
		Surprisingly, inhibitory transmission also influences the development of excitatory connections within LSO: when inhibitory transmission is decreased, the excitatory synapses become stronger.
		Within 24 hours of hearing loss, inhibitory synapses within the auditory midbrain have become extremely weak, and this is due to a huge depolarization of the inhibitory synaptic reversal potential.
	www.cns.nyu.edu /corefaculty/Sanes.html (1322 words)

	What Goes Up Must Come Down: The Emerging Spectrum of Inhibitory Receptors -- Yokoyama 186 (11): 1803 -- The Journal of ...
		For the inhibitory receptors, the ITIM may be involved in different inhibitory mechanisms, dependent on associated phosphatases.
		A common inhibitory receptor for MHC class I molecules on human lymphoid and myelomonocytic cells.
		Molecular cloning of gp49, a cell-surface antigen that is preferentially expressed by mouse mast cell progenitors and is a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily.
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/186/11/1803 (4761 words)

	Role of Methoxyestradiols in the Growth Inhibitory Effects of Estradiol on Human Glomerular Mesangial Cells -- Dubey et ...
		Role of Methoxyestradiols in the Growth Inhibitory Effects of Estradiol on Human Glomerular Mesangial Cells -- Dubey et al.
		Schematic representation of the hypothesis and the experimental approach to demonstrate that metabolism of estradiol to methoxyestradiols (Methoxy-Es) is responsible for mediating the inhibitory effects of estradiol on mesangial cell growth.
		Modulatory effects of CYP450 inducers 3-methylcholantherene and phenobarbital on the concentration-dependent inhibitory effects of estradiol (ß-Est; 1 to 100 nmol/L) on DNA synthesis after 24 hours (A), collagen synthesis after 48 hours (B), and cell number after 4 days (C).
	hyper.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/39/2/418 (3889 words)

	Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance : Salmonella-1997 Report
		The emergence of resistance to antimicrobics has compromised control of many bacterial pathogens and is a global problem.
		The 17 antimicrobics were chosen to be representative of common antimicrobics (or classes of antimicrobics) used in animal and human medicine.
		A subsequent report will summarize the minimal inhibitory concentrations obtained for these isolates and will provide a discussion of the data.
	www.ars.usda.gov /Business/docs.htm?docid=6756 (1173 words)

	Production of Angiotensin-I-Converting-Enzyme-Inhibitory Peptides in Fermented Milks Started by Lactobacillus ...
		The concentration of an ACE inhibitor (crude fraction) needed to inhibit 50% of ACE activity is defined as the 50% inhibitory
		The peptides in the purified inhibitory fractions were sequenced by tandem fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry (FAB-MS).
		Peptides from several Italian cheeses inhibitory to proteolytic enzymes of lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 948 and to the angiotensin I-converting enzyme.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/66/9/3898 (3665 words)

	Smart Basics - Smart Basics Glossaries--Histidine: Smart Basics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Histidine is also used as a chelating agent in some cases of arthritis and to treat tissue overload from copper, iron or other heavy metals, to remove them from the body.
		Histidine also acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, boosting the activity of soothing alpha waves in the brain and suporting resistant to the effects of anxiety and stress.
		In cases of histidine deficiency, there is an unbalancing effect on alpha rhythms, leading to greater beta wave production.
	www.ehot.com /smartbasics/histidine_glos.html (324 words)

	Leukemia-Inhibitory Factor--Neuroimmune Modulator of Endocrine Function -- Auernhammer and Melmed 21 (3): 313 -- ...
		Leukemia inhibitory factor regulates glucocorticoid receptor expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
		IL-6, Leukemia Inhibitory Factor, and Oncostatin M Stimulate Bone Resorption and Regulate the Expression of Receptor Activator of NF-{kappa}B Ligand, Osteoprotegerin, and Receptor Activator of NF-{kappa}B in Mouse Calvariae
		Opposing effects of pituitary leukemia inhibitory factor and SOCS-3 on the ACTH axis response to inflammation
	edrv.endojournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/21/3/313 (1217 words)

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