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Topic: Initial linguistics

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	Linguistics and the Peopling of the Americas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The use of linguistics is a great example displaying the necessity of analyzing contemporary aboriginal culture in the study of their people's ancestral past.
		This occurrence is interpreted as linguistic groups migrating from unglaciated areas into areas that were uncovered by the retreating ice, and not having sufficient time to differentiate in the deglaciated area.
		It is certain that linguistics has played a key role in the overthrowing of the conventional paradigm of American prehistory, and further developments in the study of aboriginal languages can only support the archaeological evidence for the early origins for the ancestors of today's native cultures.
	www.ualberta.ca /~nativest/pim/zazula.html (5722 words)

	B.A. in Linguistics
		Analyze the meaning of words and sentences, identify types of lexical and sentence relations, elaborate on the role of linguistic and pragmatic context in the interpretation of meaning, and understand the role of theories in the analysis of semantic data;
		Identify phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic changes in the history of a language, discuss the contribution of social factors and language contact to language variation and change, use the comparative method to reconstruct ancestors of related languages, and explain the genetic and typological classification of languages.
		The Linguistics Program addresses this goal in all of its core courses as well as through specific areas of specialization that students may pursue.
	www2.sjsu.edu /depts/linguistics/academic/BAgoals.htm (449 words)

	Initial - Medbib.com, the modern encyclopedia
		In a written work, an initial is a letter at the beginning of a work, a chapter or a paragraph that is larger than the rest of the text.
		Historically initials were frequently decorated with ornamentations or motifs which referred to the action of the text.
		Alternatively, the initial may be in the left margin, with the text indented, as shown here.
	www.medbib.com /Initial (468 words)

	Initial mutations in Indo-European languages: an article by Cyril Babaev
		The last sound causes a change of the initial one in the next word, and that is called "sandhi" from Sanskrit, where it is very common.
		It is evident that these initial n and d were too weak to keep their place and had to change or interchange, replaced by each other.
		Some linguists disagree that only Celtic tongues were subject to lenitions and nasalisations: I heard an example of some Alpian Italian dialects using similar features, like lenitions of the initial consonant after a vowel.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /archive/article6.html (2036 words)

	Past Linguistic Activities from 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A grammar arises from the confrontation of the human language acquisition device with the arbitrary linguistic data to which it is exposed.
		Researchers in pathology and technology have studied the reliability phonetic transcription, while linguists have tended to assume that transcription disagreements indicate ideolectal differences among speakers, or the moral degeneracy of the other linguist.
		Linguists, in their attempt to understand how languages vary and change, have discovered two types of systematic patterns.
	www.bu.edu /linguistics/UG/past-events02lx.html (7661 words)

	Pinyin table - Medbib.com, the modern encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Each syllable in a cell is composed of an initial (columns) and a final (rows).An empty cell indicates that the corresponding syllable does not exist in Standard Mandarin.
		For a more thorough explanation of initial and final pronouncations, please refer to the main Pinyin article.
		The below table indicates possible combinations of initials and finals in Standard Mandarin, but does not indicate tones, which are equally important to the proper pronunciation of Chinese.
	www.medbib.com /Pinyin_table (425 words)

	Historical Linguistics Blog
		Borrowing a thought from Lyons (Lyons 1981:10), the aim of linguistics is to describe language competence as opposed to language performance, i.e.
		Generative Grammar is interested in language competence in a fairly straightforward manner -- relying on introspection and speaker抯 intuition, it is subjective and not empirical in the sense that it does not build itself on large amounts of heterogeneous data but rather on few languages or standard dialects.
		At the initial stage of the study I intended to use all the texts from all four periods, but I ended up with the periods OE2 and OE4, 92,050 words and 67,380 words respectively.
	yuyanxue.motime.com (2529 words)

	Category:Linguistics - Definition, explanation
		Linguistics is the study of human language, and alinguist is someone who engages in this study.
		Linguistics department offering a PhD specialization in computational linguistics with an emphasis on the relation between theoretical approaches to language and computational implementation.
		The main objective of the Centre for Computational Linguistics at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven is to promote basic research in formal and computational linguistics, and the application of this research in natural...
	www.calsky.de /lexikon/en/txt/cat/linguistics.php (474 words)

	Master of Advanced Studies in Linguistics (interuniversity cooperation)
		In terms of its prerequisites, the postinitial MA follows the Flemish MAs in Linguistics and in Linguistics and Literature.
		For students with a linguistic MA from abroad, acceptance to the programme will be decided on the basis of their CV.
		Finally, it is not excluded that students with other MAs with a strong linguistic dimension (such as an MA in Philosophy with an emphasis on the philosophy of language and the theory of language) can be accepted on the basis of their CV and with some additional assignments.
	www.kuleuven.ac.be /onderwijs/aanbod/opleidingen/E/SC_50269159.htm (539 words)

	Research in Theoretical Linguistics
		Time, space, change, and causation are things that we expect to encounter in the study of the physical world, but the work of theoretical linguists over the last two decades has shown that these concepts also figure in the grammar of human language.
		These all involve elements of linguistic meaning which must be evaluated relative to some sentient being.
		This was one of the featured courses at the Linguistic Society of America's 2004 poster session on teaching undergraduate linguistics.
	www.linguist.org (568 words)

	[No title]
		Linguistic Subfield(s): Applied Linguistics Call Deadline: 31-Jan-2003 An all-inclusive conference fee of approximately PLN 500 ($125) will be collected on arrival at the conference desk.
		Linguistic Subfield(s): Syntax ---------------------------------------------------------- Cfp: WORKSHOP ON THE SYNTAX OF VERB INITIAL LANGUAGES University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
		Although the main focus will be on generative linguistics, it does not exclude studies of a more general nature or from different schools of thought, insofar as they contribute to the advancement of the generative program.
	nora.hd.uib.no /nlb/nlb-enews_2002_7.txt (4997 words)

	Proto-Indo-European Phonology. Chapter 10: PIE 'Initial y' in Greek
		Sapir, whose theory is supported more soundly than any other both with linguistic evidence and methodological arguments, suggested a solution based on PIE phonology revised in accordance with the laryngeal theory.
		If we are to rely as heavily on linguistic method as did Sapir and as seems necessary to suggest explanations for phenomena for which we can cite so little linguistic evidence, we should expect a more rigorous parallelism.
		Evidence for assuming an initial laryngeal may be found in compounds or in sandhi phenomena, such as the lengthening of Vedic final short vowels in the first member of compounds when the second member begins with a laryngeal.
	www.utexas.edu /cola/centers/lrc/books/piep10.html (1757 words)

	Sesquipedalian #2
		Applicants with professional experience in contexts where linguistic theory is applied are especially encouraged to apply.
		Initial appointment will be at the rank of Assistant Professor.
		The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of Stanford University or the Linguistics Department, or their employees, and shall not be used for advertising or product endorsement purposes.
	www-linguistics.stanford.edu /Linguistics/Archives/Sesquipedalian/1996-97/msg00001.html (1927 words)

	Eugene Buckley's CV
		of Linguistics, University of Southern Illinois at Carbondale.
		University of Oregon Papers in Linguistics: Publications of the Center for Amerindian Linguistics and Ethnography 1, 9-30.
		Linguistics colloquium, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, October 15.
	www.ling.upenn.edu /~gene/cv.html (757 words)

	Haskins Laboratories
		Papers on linguistics and phonetics in memory of Pierre Delattre (pp.
		Phonetic Linguistics: Essays in Honor of Peter Ladefoged.
		In Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Languages and Linguistics: Pan-Asiatic Linguistics, Volume 1, pp.
	www.haskins.yale.edu /PUBLICATIONS/pub-a.html (913 words)

	UH Press Journals: Oceanic Linguistics 36 (1997): 184-186
		The contributors are all fieldworkers from the Summer Institute of Linguistics who worked under a cooperative agreement with Pattimura University in Ambon that terminated prematurely in 1991.
		To handle this, Kotynski adopts a device from CV phonology to propose that, although such roots contain no consonants on their segmental tiers, they contain place-holding empty consonants on their skeletal tiers, thus blocking the insertion of the glottal stop.
		In phonologically conservative Galela (as well as Tidore), initial consonants have not been lost, the glottal-stop insertion rule operates uniformly, and the N- prefix shows up as g- on "vowel-initial" (actually glottal-initial) roots (10, 47).
	www.uhpress.hawaii.edu /journals/ol/OL361p184.html (1170 words)

	LINGUIST List 9.1245: Computational Ling, General Ling, Japanese
		Computational Linguistics is one of the areas in which the University of Toronto Department of Computer Science is recruiting new faculty this year.
		Duties: - teach general linguistics and applied linguistics courses, in undergraduate and graduate levels (minimum 3 courses per semester) - academic consultation - language editor of English articles in the Department of Linguistics's Journal (Journal of Langauge and Linguistics) Initial contract is for one year, renewable.
		JAPANESE LANGUAGE and LINGUISTICS The Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, seeks to make a full-time, tenure track appointment in Japanese Language and Linguistics, at the Assistant Professor level, effective August 21, 1999.
	www.linguistlist.org /issues/9/9-1245.html (724 words)

	Hakka (linguistics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The initial consonant of 學 hɔk, corresponds with an h consonant in Cantonese and an unvoiced palatal (x) in Mandarin.
		When the initials [ʦ ʦʰ s] and [ŋ] are followed by a palatised medial, they become [ʨ ʨʰ ɕ] and [ɲ] respectively.
		The Middle Chinese fully voiced initial characters have become aspirated unvoiced initial characters in Hakka.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hakka_(linguistics) (1561 words)

	Syllable onset - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In phonetics and phonology, a syllable onset is the part of a syllable that precedes the syllable nucleus.
		For each group of characters pronounced with the same initial consonant, one was picked to name the initial.
		One character was also picked from the group without an initial consonant, which was the beginning of the concept of the null initial.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Initial_(linguistics) (234 words)

	LINGUIST List 7.1306: Phonology at Iowa, Open level replacement at Reed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Linguistics Program at Reed College invites applications for a one-year replacement position in Linguistics for the academic year 1997-98.
		The appointee will be responsible for a small but intense undergraduate linguistics program which offers five semester courses over the academic year, at least one of which is a general introduction to the field.
		Because the linguistics program is small, the person who occupies this position must establish collaborative intellectual contacts with one or more faculty colleagues in such related disciplines as anthropology, psychology, philosophy, mathematics, cognitive science, languages, or literature.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/7/7-1306.html (392 words)

	[No title]
		In classical generative linguistics, the initial e- of words such as esfera 'sphere,' eslabón 'link,' and estructura 'structure' was seen as a predictable element that could be derived by rule, and thus did not need to appear in the underlying representation.
		In other words, formal linguistics is a realm of inquiry which deals with axiomatizations about linguistic structure which 'make it possible to deduce all true statements about the system from a small set of prior assumptions about its nature' (Kac 1974: 44).
		For example, Kager (1999:26) states that "explaining the actual processing of linguistic knowledge by the human mind is not the goal of the formal theory of grammar,.
	linguistics.byu.edu /faculty/eddingtond/epenthesis.html (6260 words)

	CURRICULUM VITAE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		I consider myself to be a versatile general linguist with firm footing in traditional Indo-European linguistics and active interest in other linguistic sub-branches.
		I have investigated the acoustic properties of initial voiceless sonorants and found that they are partially affected by phrasal position.
		I’m also interested in comparing the acoustics of sonorants which have become voiceless for various reasons, namely initial ones, medially devoiced ones before a voiceless stop and those that are devoiced word/phrase finally.
	www.people.cornell.edu /pages/etj5/cv.htm (762 words)

	Verb-Initial Grammars: Malagasy Language and Linguistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This is a site dedicated to Malagasy language and linguistics.
		Some references to already published literature may be made, but most importantly straightforward descriptions of specific areas of the grammar and potential solutions will be offered with the aim of giving a helping hand to those interested in Malagasy language and linguistics.
		The results offered here represent ongoing research conducted by the author and are amenable to change as our knowledge of the phenomenon grows firmer.
	users.ox.ac.uk /~cpgl0015/pargram/1Frfirstpage.htm (160 words)

	unc-ch linguistics doctor of philosophy
		This exam is intended to assure that Ph.D. students from elsewhere have the same basic knowledge contained in our courses required for the M.A. If the faculty finds a student's performance on the exam unsatisfactory in some area, it may require various steps to correct the deficiency (such as assigning a specific course or reading).
		Students whose M.A. degree is in a field other than linguistics are generally admitted to the M.A. program in linguistics (the initial course requirements are the same for both the M.A. and Ph.D., so this does not delay a student's progress).
		Required are the courses stipulated for the MA plus any of the three courses 525 (Historical Linguistics), 528 (Language Acquisition), and 537 (Semantic Theory I) not already taken.
	www.unc.edu /linguistics/doctor.html (981 words)

	Jonathan Barnes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Assistant Professor of Linguistics, Department of Modern Foreign Languages and Literatures, and Program in Applied Linguistics, beginning September 2002.
		"Vowel reduction in Russian: the categorical and the gradient", Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society of America, Boston, MA, January 11, 2004.
		"Domain-initial strengthening and the phonetics and phonology of positional neutralization", North East Linguistics Society (NELS) 32nd Annual Meeting, CUNY Graduate Center and New York University, October 19-21, 2001.
	www.bu.edu /linguistics/UG/barnes (389 words)

	A report for the LAGB Committee
		This year that Subject Centre’s Linguistics activities have had a strong focus on issues in postgraduate training and we have held 3 meetings on this topic which have allowed colleagues to explore key areas of concern and to develop ideas for future initiatives (see below).
		Keith Brown remains as Linguistics editor and has identified a number of topics for new articles to be commissioned and published over the coming year.
		Initial discussions with the project leader (Danielle Barbereau) have indicated that Sheffield is well-placed to undertake this work with a strong track record in Languages, Linguistics, American Studies and South-East Asian Studies.
	www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/dick/ec/report039.htm (1605 words)

	Definitions of Linguistic Terminology
		A branch of linguistics dealing with the analysis, description, and classification of speech sounds, or segments.
		The branch of linguistics concerned with the structural relationships between segments.
		The study of phonetics and phonemics together in the evolution of speech sounds.
	sps.k12.mo.us /khs/linguistics/lingtrms.htm (1286 words)

	Oxford Journals \| Humanities \| Applied Linguistics \| Information for Authors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Applied Linguistics seeks to promote principled and multidisciplinary approaches to language-related concerns in all areas of social life.
		Areas of interest include bilingualism and multilingualism; computer-mediated communication; conversation analysis; deaf linguistics; discourse analysis and pragmatics; corpus linguistics; critical discourse analysis; first and additional language learning, teaching, and use; forensic linguistics; language assessment; language planning and policies; language for special purposes; literacies; multimodal communication; rhetoric and stylistics; and translation.
		The Editors will assume that an article submitted for their consideration has not previously been published and is not being considered for publication elsewhere, either in the submitted form or in a modified version.
	www.oxfordjournals.org:8070 /applij/for_authors/index.html (1752 words)

	Rebekka Egger's Research - The University of Chicago Phonetics Laboratory
		Rebekka Egger is an advanced graduate student in the Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures and the Department of Linguistics at the University of Chicago.
		Rebekka is currently writing a dissertation on the phonetic correlates of word-boundaries in Contemporary Standard Russian using data she collected on Muscovites.
		In addition, when comparing the effects of stress shifts on segments within the same word and across word-boundaries she finds that stress-induced lengthening in consonants preceding stressed vowels is blocked or attenuated by an intervening word-boundary.
	humanities.uchicago.edu /phonlab/research/egger.html (198 words)

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