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Topic: Initiation (phonetics)

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	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Initiation by means of the lungs (actually the diaphragm and ribs) is called pulmonic initiation.
		It is possible to initiate an airflow in the upper respiratory tract by means of the vocal cords or glottis.
		To perform glottalic pressure initiation, one lowers one's glottis (as if to sing a low note), closes it as if for a glottal stop, and then raises it, building up pressure in the; upper trachea and oral cavity.
	en.encyclopediahome.com /wiki/Airstream_mechanism (985 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Phonetics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		For instance, in Chinese characters, a phonetic refers to the portion of the character that hints at its pronunciation, while the radical refers to the portion that serves as a semantic hint.
		Characters featuring the same phonetic typically have similar pronunciations, but by no means are the pronunciations predictably determined by the phonetic due to the fact that pronunciations diverged over many centuries while the characters remained the same.
		Phonetics was studied as early as 2500 years ago in ancient India, where there existed numerous phonetically extremely accurate treatises on the orthoepy of Sanskrit and a Tamil grammar book Tolkāppiyam (c.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Phonetics.html (668 words)

	After Initiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Initiation (phonetics) - In phonetics, initiation is the action by which an air-flow is created through the vocal tract.
		The initiative was declared unconstitutional by the Washington State who uses direct democracy (initiatives and referenda) to accomplish his goal of cutting taxes (known as tax revolt).
		Initiatives Eyman launched his first initiative, Initiative 200, in 1998, which attempted to prohibit affirmative action in state higher education and government hiring and contracting.
	cy93.mkcsoft.com /afterinitiation.html (1487 words)

	Initiation biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		An initiation is also a ceremony by which a person is introduced into a society, or other organized body, especially the rite of admission into a secret society or order.
		Normally an initiation rite would imply a shepherding process where those who are at a higher level guide the initiate through a process of greater exposure of knowledge.
		Initiation is also a term in phonetics for the action by which an airstream is formed in the vocal tract for producing sounds.
	initiation.biography.ms (141 words)

	After Initiation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Without Harold Wilson, it would have been conferring this tantric initiation in India, Mongolia, and the weakness of sterling silver, this toggle bracelet features a round initial charm accented by cubic zirconia stones.
		Also in 1998, Eyman tried again, with Initiative 695, which proposed replacing the old MVET with a flat $30 fee for car tabs, while simultaneously requiring voter approval for any increases in any tax or fee increases at the state or local level.
		In Washington, signature gatherers are paid by signature, not by hour, creating an incentive for fraud and bias towards the initiative in court.
	in59.mkcsoft.com /afterinitiation.html (1276 words)

	THEORY OF LINGUISTIC DERIVATION: CONTINUING STUDY
		The second group includes groups that consider initiation of attacks and warfare against other linguistic groups to be, effectively, a means of affirmation of masculinity: Mohave, Quechan, (Yuman), Yavapai, and Comanche (all southwestern North America, to be discussed in sections four and five).
		Violence initiated by groups that have voiced fricative allophones, in the form of genocide, and unprovoked warfare has presumably caused incalculably more loss of life than violence initiated by groups that have no voiced fricative allophones, and has, presumably, been the cause of most military violence between linguistic groups on the planet.
		In other words, on the basis of the groups considered and the classifications made by the author, there is greater than a 95% probability that there is an association between level of violence in a linguistic group and the presence, or absence [including near-absence] of voiced fricative allophones in the language of a group.
	www.tc.umn.edu /~reed0180/page4.html (10972 words)

	Study Abroad France: Course Descriptions
		After an initiation to analytical methods, students put theory into practice by commenting on passages chosen from 19th and 20th century novels.
		A general introduction to phonetics as well as a foundation in the phonetics of the French language.
		The study of different branches of phonetics, physiology of articulation and the phonetic alphabet.
	www.aifs.com /college/ays/grenoble/courses.htm (1687 words)

	UT-Austin Linguistics Courses: Graduate
		The general theme of this course is: "What is phonetics?" A broad survey of major topics in modern phonetics will be presented.
		The goal is to establish a general framework for specifying speech in terms of its linguistic and phonetic (mostly articulatory) properties sufficient for ater phonology classes.
		Initially the class will have a 'journal club format' which means that every student presents a review of a few key articles relevant to the overall theme and compatible with his/her specific needs and interests.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/linguistics/fall98/grad.html (4405 words)

	Faculty of Humanities -COURSES OFFERED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Aims: to enable students to develop flexible reading styles which allow them to select reading strategies appropriate to their reading purposes; to enable students to develop skills in applying writing processes, styles, structures and conventions to the creation of written products appropriate to the students' purposes and target genre(s).
		An introduction to the principles of general phonetics; a detailed study of the features of Received Pronunciation; identification of the characteristics of educated Southern African pronunciation; application of Transformation-Generative Approach and the Traditional Descriptive Approach of Segmental and Supra-Segmental English Phonology.
		This course examines the problems and opportunities posed by the teaching of literature and theatre in the secondary school system, and the various ways in which literature and theatre can be utilised to develop pedagogical skills across a broad range of disciplines.
	www.nul.ls /faculties/humanities/eng_courses.htm (2851 words)

	Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences
		Initiation of hearing conservation programs in industry and with the public to prevent hearing impairment from noise exposure
		In addition to diagnosing and treating hearing impairment, audiologists may use their skills to train future professionals in colleges and universities; administer or manage agencies, clinics, or private practices; and engage in research to study communication development disorders and design corrective and testing equipment.
		One the undergraduate level, a strong liberal arts focus is recommended, with course work in speech and hearing, phonetics, semantics, linguistics, psychology, and/or the biological and physical sciences.
	www.indiana.edu /~sphs/audio-factsheet.html (867 words)

	Amazon.fr : English Phonetics and Phonology: A Practical Course/Student's Edition: Livres: Peter Roach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		English Phonetics and Phonology bridges the gap between simple pronunciation handbooks and technical phonetics and phonology textbooks.
		Peter Roach has been teaching phonetics and English pronunciation for over 30 years and is the principal editor of Daniel Jones' English Pronouncing Dictionary, 15th edition.
		He is currently Professor of Phonetics and Head of the School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, University of Reading.
	amazon.fr /English-Phonetics-Phonology-Practical-Students/dp/0521786134 (758 words)

	The Details of Modern Greek Phonetics and Phonology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Please Note: the present page is part of this general page on the Greek alphabet, pronunciation, and orthography, which in turn is part of this set of pages on the Greek language.
		The phenomenon of palatalization is the single most important phonetic phenomenon of the Modern Greek language, and the one that largely distinguishes the speech of a native speaker from that of a second-language learner.
		That is, phonologically (in the Greek native speaker's mind) there is an unpalatalized consonant, an [i], and a vowel; phonetically, however (in actual sounds, as recorded and shown in a spectrogram) there is a palatalized consonant, the faintest idea of an [i], and a vowel.
	www.cogsci.indiana.edu /farg/harry/lan/grphdetl.htm (4063 words)

	Phonetics Encyclopedia Article @ Coulda.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		LONDON -- The Queen sounds more like her ordinary subjects than she did a half century ago, when she first assumed her royal "dutays," according to an academic...
		Displaying this page or its contents does not use any Raised (phonetics) resources.
		Directory: Science: Social Sciences: Linguistics: Phonetics and Phonology: Institutions and Organisations
	www.coulda.net /encyclopedia/Category:Phonetics (279 words)

	Principles of Phonetics - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		$55.00 (Z) This major new textbook is designed for readers who wish to pursue the study of phonetics from an initial to an advanced stage.
		It moves from a discussion of general concepts to a total of eleven chapters on phonetic classification, and it includes discussion of other issues such as the relationship between phonetics and phonology.
		Principles of Phonetics will be required reading for all serious students of speech and language.
	www.cambridge.org /us/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=052145655X (157 words)

	General Phonetics - Bibliography
		Appendix 1: The phonetic alphabet of the International Phonetic Association; Appendix 2: Index of languages.
		1.- The role of sound in communication; 2.- Articulatory phonetics: How speech sounds are produced; 3.- Acoustic phonetics: Sound between mouth and ear; 4.- Auditory phonetics: Ear and brain; 5.- The description and classification of sounds; 6.- A language and its sounds; 7.- Languages and their sounds; 8.- Sounds working; 9.- Present and future.
		RECHZIEGEL, A. (1998) "On the notions target and target-undershoot in the phonetics of L1", Proceedings of the Institute of Phonetic Sciences, University of Amsterdam 22: 85-96.
	homepage.mac.com /joaquim_llisterri/phonetics/fon_gen/Bib_fon_gen.html (9222 words)

	LINGUIST List 10.877: Phonetics
		This textbook is one of the few to give a balanced account of segmental and suprasegmental aspects of speech, showing clearly that the communication chain is incomplete without accurate production of both individual speech sounds (segmental features) and aspects such as stress and intonation (suprasegmental features).
		Students are expertly guided from basic attempts to record speech sounds on paper, to more refined accounts of phonetic detail in speech.
		The authors go on to explain acoustic phonetics in a manner accessible both to new students in phonetics, and to those who wish to advance their knowledge of key pursuits in the area, including the sound spectrograph.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/10/10-877.html (259 words)

	LINGUIST List 16.3480: Phonetics/Clinical Ling: Ball & Muller (2005)
		Phonetics, part two (Chapters 10-18) with English Phonetics, and part
		the air stream initiation and principle types of air stream mechanisms.
		phonetics, and thirdly for linguists who are interested in varieties of
	linguistlist.org /issues/16/16-3480.html (1219 words)

	Poitiers Levels
		Content is based on a communicative approach to language acquisition based on a textbook, various semi-authentic oral and written documents.
		The language laboratory is used for oral comprehension, grammatical drills and phonetics.
		o phonetics : This course takes place in the language laboratory ; at this level, the focus is on intonation and reading.
	www.nrcsa.com /school/10041/poitiers_levels.html (1460 words)

	Phonetics Encyclopedia Article @ Whaddya.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		LONDON -- The Queen sounds more like her ordinary subjects than she did a half century ago, when she first assumed her royal "dutays," according to an...
		The above information uses material from category and is licensed under the List of phonetics topics.
		Some facts may not have been fully verified for accuracy.
	www.whaddya.org /encyclopedia/Category:Phonetics (268 words)

	IPA - Conlang - A Wikia wiki
		Although not confirmed from any language, and therefore not "explicitly recognized" by the IPA, a retroflex implosive, Template:Unicode, is supported in the Unicode Phonetic Extensions Supplement, added in version 4.1 of the Unicode Standard, or can be created as a composite [ɗ̢].
		One modification is the use of subscript parentheses around the phonation diacritics to indicate partial phonation; a single parenthesis at the left or right of the voicing indicates that it is partially phonated at the beginning or end of the segment.
		For example, ₍s̬₎ is a partially voiced [s], ₍s̬ shows partial initial voicing, and s̬₎ partial final voicing; also ₍z̥₎ is a partially devoiced [z], ₍z̥ shows partial initial devoicing, and z̥₎ partial final devoicing.
	conlang.wikia.com /wiki/IPA (1412 words)

	Phonetics Encyclopedia Article @ Somethin.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		No more 'dutays' for Queen, phonetics professor says
		The main article for this category is Phonetics.
		There are 9 subcategories to this category shown below (more may be shown on subsequent pages).
	www.somethin.org /encyclopedia/Category:Phonetics (254 words)

	L10A - Department of Language, Linguistics and Philosophy, The University of West Indies, Mona
		You are to develop your own special vocabulary of essential phonetics and phonology terminology listed below.
		Glossary and related chapters in some of the introduction to phonetics and phonology texts such as those prescribed and recommended for this course,
		This exercise aims to provide a useful study technique in preparation for the final exam and levels 2 and 3 courses in linguistics and communication.
	www.mona.uwi.edu /dllp/courses/l10a/assignments.htm (155 words)

	Linguistics 120
		Recording a speaker of a language in order to produce a phonetic description.
		Date Topic Reading (chapters): General Introduction 11-13 Sept Introduction to speech gestures L 1-2 18-20 Sept Introduction to transcription 25 Sept Introduction to acoustics BHR 3 Consonants in the languages of the world 2-4 Oct Initiation mechanisms L 6, BHR 4:, pp.
		Some of the listening and lab exercises will require coming to the Phonetics Lab in HGS 2703, although we are trying to reduce dependence on this room.
	www.yale.edu /syllabi/46120.html (446 words)

	Initiation (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Initiation (Rhea's Obsession album) is an album by Rhea's Obsession
		Initiation (phonetics) in phonetics is the action by which an airstream is formed in the vocal tract for producing sounds
		initiation (chemistry) in organic chemistry is a chemical reaction that triggers one or more secondary reactions
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Initiation_(disambiguation) (184 words)

	Course Schedule with Descriptions - Fall 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		On the one hand, the involvement and interest of women in knowledge-making would, it was feared, lead either to women’s sexual liberation or to their reproductive sterility.
		As this course serves as an initiation to literary analysis, assignments will focus as much on the form as on the content of the texts in question.
		Sentence structure: how sentences are constructed in hierarchical as well as linear form; how French sentence structure is like and unlike that of other languages (with special comparison to English), how individual sentences are hooked together in discourse, and how French sentence and discourse structure has changed over time and continues to change...
	www.indiana.edu /~frithome/courses/fal06-7.shtml (5005 words)

	People - Speech Communication Lab @ University of Maryland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		She combines knowledge of digital signal processing, speech science, linguistics and acoustic phonetics to conduct interdisciplinary research in speech recognition, speech production, speaker recognition and speech enhancement.
		Specific research projects include the development of (a) a speech signal representation that contains only linguistic information, (b) the a speech signal representation that highlights speaker characteristics, (c) a probabilistic framework for an event-based speech recognition system, (d) supervised and unsupervised acoustic models for speaker recognition and (e) vocal tract models of complex speech sounds.
		Among the honors and awards she has received for her research contributions are the Clare Boothe Luce Professorship in 1990, the Independent Scientist Award from the National Institutes of Health in 1998 and the Honda Initiation Award in 2003.
	www.isr.umd.edu /Labs/SCL/people.html (820 words)

	French Courses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		FRE 301: Initiation to Readings in Francophone Cultures.
		Writing skills will also be developed through practice of the explication detexte method of analyzing texts.
		(3 hours) Phonetic alphabet and transcription, articulation of French sounds; French prosody; detailed study of vowels, semi-vowels, and consonants; intensive pronunciation practice introduced to regional and Francophone dialects.
	spider.georgetowncollege.edu /languages/French/french_courses.htm (458 words)

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