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King Injo of Joseon

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	Gwanghaegun of Joseon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		1608-1623) was the 15th king of the Joseon Dynasty.
		Since he realized Joseon was unable to compete with the Manchu military power, he tried to keep friendly relationship with the Manchus, while the kingdom was still under the suzerainty of Ming, which angered Ming and dogmatic Confucist Koreans.
		The Westerners faction installed Injo as the 16th king and took pro-Ming and anti-Manchu policies, which brought two Manchu invasions.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/g/gw/gwanghaegun_of_joseon.html (426 words)

	Rulers of Korea - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Buyeo is believed to have risen from the areas of Joseon in the 2nd to the 3rd centuries BCE.
		In 1392, the kingdom fell to the Joseon Dynasty.
		Joseon was the name of Korea during most the Joseon Dynasty, which ruled from the fall of Goryeo in 1392 until the beginning of the Republic of Korea in 1919.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Rulers_of_Korea (1676 words)

	Encyclopedia: King Injo of Joseon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		King Injo was king during both the first and second Manchu invasions, which ended with the surrender of Joseon to the Qing Dynasty in 1636.
		Baekje was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea in the 1st millennium CE (along with Goguryeo and Silla), and fell to Silla in 660.
		This personal surrender of King Injo was a double blow to the monarchy and yangban, as the nation had to acknowledge subservience to the "pagan" tribes of the Manchu.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/King-Injo-of-Joseon (539 words)

	Image of Korea - 03
		During the period from the final years of the Goryeo era to the early years of Joseon, celadon gave way to buncheong pottery on which designs were inlaid, stamped, or painted with iron pigment, or scratched into the slip coating.
		In the period from the late 13th century through the 15th century, Joseon white porcelain, a variation of celadon and Goryeo white porcelain, was also produced.
		From the first year (1392) of the reign of King Taejo to the 27th year (1649) of the reign of King Injo of the Joseon era, buncheong and white porcelain constituted the main stream of Korean pottery, although buncheong became increasingly dominant during the 15th century.
	www.koreaaward.com /korea/image03.htm (1563 words)

	Wikipedia: Rulers of Korea
		The first king had the temple name Taejo, which means "great progenitor" and was applied to the first kings of both Goryeo and Joseon, as they were also the founders of the Wang and Yi Dynasties respectively.
		Joseon was the name of Korea during most the Joseon Dynasty, which ruled from the fall of Goryeo in 1392 until the beginning of the Japanese Colonial Period in 1910.
		During the colonial period, Korea was officially called Chosen, the Japanese version of the old name Joseon.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/r/ru/rulers_of_korea.html (952 words)

	Gang Hong-rip - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Gang Hong-rip was a Korean commander-in-chief during the Joseon Dynasty.
		In 1620 almost all Korean captives were released but Gang Hong-rip, who had good command of the Manchu language, was still kept.
		Frustrated with unsatisfactory reward for the coup which deposed Gwanghaegun, Yi Gwal (李适) rebelled against King Injo in 1624.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gang_Hong-rip (306 words)

	Rulers of Korea
		Buyo is believed to have risen from the areas of Joseon in 2nd-3rd century BC.
		They claimed their inheritance of Joseon, and continued to use the titles of Tanje or the emperor.\nThe country was shattered by Goguryo in 1st century AD, but coninued to exist north of Koguryo until 494, when they catipulated to Goguryo.
		Technically, the emperors should be referred to by their era names rather than their temple names, but the latter are commonly used.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/r/ru/rulers_of_korea.html (1268 words)

	Encyclopedia: Gwanghaegun of Joseon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Gwanghaegun or Prince Gwanghae (1574â“1641; reigned 1608â“1623) was the fifteenth king of the Joseon Dynasty.
		The Joseon Dynasty (also ChosÅn, Hangul: ì¡°ì„ ì™•ì¡°;, Hanja: æœé®®çŽ‹æœ;) was the final ruling dynasty of Korea, lasting from 1392 until 1910.
		Althouth Gwanghaegun is one of only two deposed kings who were not restored and given the temple name(the other one being Yeonsangun, the tyrant who greatly contributed to the decline of the nation), many people consider him as the victim of feuds between political factions.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Gwanghaegun-of-Joseon (566 words)

	History of Korea: Late Joseon Period
		The reconstruction of palace buildings and the printing of lost books, such as duplicate sets of the Joseon Wangjo Sillok (Annals of the Joseon Dynasty), land ledgers, and census records, all required extra funds.
		When the Manchus rose up against Ming China, who asked Joseon for assistance, King Gwanghaegun, mindful of the assistance rendered by the Chinese in Joseon's struggle against the Japanese, promptly sent an army of 10,000.
		In the aftermath of this switch, King Gwanghaegun was deposed by the newly ascendant Seoin faction which was pro-Ming.
	www.koreaaward.com /korea/history_LateJoseonPeriod_01.htm (821 words)

	China History Forum, online chinese history forum > Korean History in a nutshell
		The eighteenth century Joseon historian Yu Deukgong was probably the first to advocate the proper study of Balhae as part of Korean history, and it was he who coined the term "North-South Period" to refer to the era when Silla and Balhae existed side by side.
		Joseon (as Korea was called during the Joseon Dynasty) dealt with invasions by Japan from 1592 to 1598 (see Seven-Year War).
		Wiman Joseon expanded to control a vast territory and became strong economically by controlling trade between China's Han Dynasty and the outlying regions to the northeast.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /lofiversion/index.php/t1898.html (17604 words)

	Gang Hong-rip
		Gang Hong-rip (강홍립 ; 姜弘立) (1560-1627) was a Korean commander-in-chief during the Joseon Dynasty[?].
		Under repeated demand from Ming, Gwanghae-gun commanded Gang Hong-rip to help Ming forces with ten thousand soldiers against the Manchus in 1619.
		Frustrated with unsatisfactory reward for the coup which Gwanghae-gun was deposed by, Yi Gwal (李适) rebelled against King Injo[?] in 1264.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ga/Gang_Hong-rip.html (254 words)

	Korean Architecture: Donggureung Tombs
		He was the son of King Sejong, considered to be the greatest of all Joseon kings.
		The tomb of Queen JO, the second wife of Injo, the 16th ruler of Joseon.
		The tomb of King Heonjong, the 24th ruler of the Joseon dynasty, is the sole example of a tomb with three mounds enclosed inside the same wall.
	www.orientalarchitecture.com /kyonggi/DONGGUREUNG.htm (922 words)

	Welcome To Korea Now !!!-Society & The Arts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In 1392, Joseon was launched as a tributary vassal state of Ming China and did not have to look beyond China.
		To the early rulers of the nascent kingdom, the pro-Ming policy was necessary to confer legitimacy on the authority of the new regime.
		After Hideyoshi's invasion of Korea in the late 16th century, Joseon felt it inevitable to maintain a favorable relationship with the island neighbor and dispatched large-scale emissaries to Japan for cultural exchange and espionage efforts.
	kn.koreaherald.co.kr /SITE/data/html_dir/2002/09/26/200209260029.asp (690 words)

	Encyclopedia topic: Gwanghaegun of Joseon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		1608-1623) was the 15th king of the Joseon Dynasty (additional info and facts about Joseon Dynasty).
		Since he was deposed in a coup, later official historians did not give him a temple name (additional info and facts about temple name) like Taejo (additional info and facts about Taejo) or Sejong (additional info and facts about Sejong).
		In foreign affairs he sought a balance between the Ming Empire and the Manchu (The Tungusic language spoken by the Manchu people) s.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/gw/gwanghaegun_of_joseon.htm (518 words)

	Station Information - Gang Hong-rip
		Gang Hong-rip (강홍립 ; 姜弘立) (1560-1627) was a Korean commander-in-chief during the Joseon Dynasty.
		Under repeated demand from Ming, Gwanghaegun commanded Gang Hong-rip to help Ming forces with ten thousand soldiers against the Manchus in 1619.
		In 1620 almost all Korean captives were released but he was still kept.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/g/ga/gang_hong_rip.html (244 words)

	Info and facts on 'Rulers of Korea' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The first king had the temple name (additional info and facts about temple name) Taejo, which means "great progenitor" and was applied to the first kings of both Goryeo and Joseon (additional info and facts about Joseon), as they were also the founders of the Wang and Yi Dynasties respectively.
		Joseon Dynasty kings/emperors had temple name (additional info and facts about temple name) s ending in jo or jong.
		Technically, the emperors should be referred to by their era names (additional info and facts about era names) rather than their temple name (additional info and facts about temple name) s, but the latter are commonly used.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/R/Ru/Rulers_of_Korea.htm (4740 words)

	국무총리실 (Prime Minister of Korea)
		King Injo fled to Namhansanseong fortress, then capitulated to the invaders on a bank of the Han-gang river.
		Pragmatic Studies The pragmatists' desire to learn about Qing China in the late Joseon period was propelled by their belief that the nation needed a dramatic improvement of its economy.
		The ideal of a Confucian welfare state during the Joseon Dynasty was conceived and implemented by King Sejong in the 15th century, but it was Yi Su-gwang who elaborated on the philosophy of welfare in the period following the Hideyoshi invasions in the late 16th century.
	www.opm.go.kr /warp/webapp/content/view?meta_id=english&id=63 (5838 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Hoeun Jongtaek, the house of Jo Ji-hun's birth, was built in the middle of Joseon(in the reign of Injo), and was destroyed by The Korean War, and restored in 1963.
		It is a typical house of the north Yeongnam nobility.
		This building which is divided into Jeongchim and Gwanlisa was built by Jeong Hyeong, Jugokli Iphyangjo Jojeon's son, in the reign of Injo.
	www.gbtour.net /Nadri/EsResource_View?p_resource_code=CR&p_resource_code2=01&p_lang_code=ENG&p_startpage=1&p_currpage=1&p_resource_no=1304&p_textquery=&p_sigun_code=ALL (413 words)

	Nomination Form: UNESCO-CI
		Description: The Seungjeongwon, the Royal Secretariat of the Joseon Dynasty, was responsible for keeping Seungjeongwon Ilgi, The Diaries of the Royal Secretariat, a detailed record of the daily events and official schedules of the court, from the Joseon Dynasty's first king, Taejo, to its 27th and last, Sunjong.
		The keeping of diaries began in the founding year of the Joseon Dynasty, but those of the kings before King Injo were burned to ashes during the Japanese invasions of Korea and by palace fires.
		Unfortunately, the diaries of the early Joseon period before 1624 (the 2nd year of King Injo) were all destroyed by the Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592, the Revolt of Yi Gwal in 1624, and fires.
	portal.unesco.org /ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=3944&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html (4634 words)

	Korean History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Upon King Injo's (r.1623-1649) refusal to acknowledge a suzerain-vassal relationship in 1636, the Manchu ruler, enthroned as the Qing Emperor of China, invaded Joseon.
		The personal surrender of King Injo was a double blow to the monarchy and to the yangban, as the nation had to acknowledge its subservience to the "pagan" tribes of the Manchu.
		A deep sense of humiliation and disgrace was felt, along with a sense of empathy with the Ming.
	korea.assembly.go.kr /history_html/history_07/jos_L_01.jsp (819 words)

	Rulers of Korea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Another account according to which this is written is that the son of last emperor Koubuldan of Paedal reorganised the empire and renamed the country Joseon land of morning calm.
		Jo was given to the first kings/emperors new lines within the dynasty with the king/emperor having the special name (Taejo) which "great progenitor" (see also Goryeo).
		King of the Joseon Dynasty became the first emperor (Hwangje in Korean).
	www.freeglossary.com /Rulers_of_Barhae (1583 words)

	Rulers of Korea - Gurupedia
		Puyo is believed to have risen from the areas of Joseon in 2nd-3rd century BC.
		Joseon was the name of Korea during most the Joseon Dynasty, which ruled from the fall of
		Joseon Dynasty became the first emperor (Hwangje in Korean).
	www.gurupedia.com /r/ru/rulers_of_korea.htm (1087 words)

	Second Manchu expedition to Korea - China-related Topics SE-SH - China-Related Topics
		Prince DodoDodo rushed to Hanseong to prevent King Injo of JoseonKing Injo from fleeing to Ganghwa Island as Korean kings traditionally did.
		Failing to escape to the island, the king took refuge in the Namhansan fortress, which was immediately besieged by the Manchu army.
		Beginning in 1639 and continuing throughout the rest of the Joseon Dynasty, the Korean court trained a corps of professional Korean-Manchu translators.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Second_Manchu_expedition_to_Korea (717 words)

	Samjeondo Monument - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Joseon Dynasty surrendered to and became a subject state of the Manchu Empire in 1636.
		However due to a flood, it was unearthed in 1963 and was eventually registered as a cultural property.
		Both the Manchus and Koreans saw the inscription as the litmus test for Korea's attitude toward the Manchu Emperor, so King Injo frayed his nerves to it.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Samjeondo_Monument (527 words)

	YONHAPNEWS WORLD SERVICE::ENGLISH NEWS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		A poem by King Sukjong of the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910) is engraved on the rock.
		Formed by carving waterways out of rocks in 1636, when King Injo ruled, Ognyucheon, which means "Jade Clear Stream," provided a place of rest for kings and while they wrote poems and drank from cups that floated along the stream.
		Changdeokgung Palace and Biwon were burned down several times, once in 1592, when Japan invaded during the Joseon Dynasty, and another time in 1623 when "seoin," one of the main political factions in the Confucian-dominated Joseon era, tried to dethrone the king who ruled the country at that time.
	www.yonhapnews.net /Engnews/20040521/301900000020040521085610E2.html (1299 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Upon returning to Joseon they proposed positive policies for the development of commerce, metallurgy, fishing, stock farming, horticulture and mining.
		The pragmatists' urge to learn about Qing China in the late Joseon period was propelled by the recognition that Korea's well-being as a nation was in need of dramatic improvement.
		The ideal of a Confucian welfare state during the Joseon Dynasty was conceived and implemented by King Sejong in the 15th century, but it was Yi Sugwang who elaborated on the philosophy of welfare in the period following the Hideyoshi invasions.
	correct.korea.net /intro/khistory07.asp (5895 words)

	South Korea Trave Tips
		Seoul is filled with the vestiges of Joseon, which enjoyed outstanding cultural achievements throughout its history.
		On the first Sunday in May, the inner courtyards and shrines of Jongmyo are opened to the public for an annual Confucian ceremonial rite, one of the most fascinating traditional ceremonies in Korea.
		Gojong was the 26th monarch of the Joseon Dynasty and came to the throne in 1897 as the first emperor of Daehanjeguk (the new name of Korea when it came out from Chinese suzerainty).
	www.southtravels.com /asia/southkorea/traveltips/seoul_history.html (4081 words)

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