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Topic: Inkatha Freedom Party

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	Inkatha Freedom Party - Historical Perspective
		The birth of the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP)
		The IFP's vision to solving the economic disenfranchisement of the majority of South Africans was that of a free market economy with a heavy influence on the social responsibility of the state in the light of the serious political, social and economic injustices of apartheid.
		The IFP however remains concerned that unless more real power is given to the provinces and local governments in South Africa, national government will not be successful in its attempts to redress the injustices of the past and empower the majority of South Africans to reach their full potential.
	www.ifp.org.za /History/history.htm (3574 words)

	Inkatha Freedom Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) is a political party in South Africa.
		As of 2003, it is led by Mangosuthu Buthelezi.
		Both the IFP and ANC attempted to campaign in the each party's stronghold of Kwazulu-Natal and were met with resistance, sometimes violent, by members of both parties.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Inkatha_Freedom_Party (892 words)

	Untitled Document
		Many of the attacks carried out by the Inkatha militants were passively and at times actively supported by the South African police force, probably as a result of a coincidence of interest in ensuring that the ANC did not gain political dominance at the coming liberation.
		The ANC attempted to campaign in the Inkatha stronghold of Natal and were met with resistance, sometimes violent, by members of the IFP.
		IFP president Mangosuthu Buthelezi was absent from that meeting but raised it at a meeting of the party's national council, which Woods did not attend.
	www.inkatha-freedom-party.com (899 words)

	Inkatha Freedom Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) is a political formation with a Zulu nationalist and para-military flavour.
		Inkatha’s initial aim was to restore the Zulu kingdom and the land that Zulu people lost as a result of colonisation.
		The headquarters of the IFP were housed at Ulundi, the former capital of the Zulu Kingdom.
	www.sahistory.org.za /pages/organisations/ifp/ifp.htm (485 words)

	Inkatha Freedom Party
		South African political party, representing the nationalist aspirations of the country's largest ethnic group, the Zulus.
		Inkatha initially tried to work with the white regime and, as a result, Buthelezi was widely regarded as a collaborator.
		Revelations, in 1991 and 1994, that Inkatha had received covert financial aid from the South African government and support from the security services increased African National Congress (ANC) distrust of Inkatha's motives, while Inkatha itself resented the dominant role played by the ANC in constitutional negotiations.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0024327.html (293 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		As soon as the Inkatha Freedom Party decided to participate in the April election, however, the intensity of political violence in the country diminished drastically and has remained at a relatively low level since the election.
		All parties which receive at least twenty percent of the national vote are guaranteed representation by a Deputy President, while all parties which receive at least five percent of the national vote are entitled to representation in the Cabinet proportional to their electoral strength.
		The Freedom Front (with 2.15% of the national vote) represents the right-wing Afrikaner community which still dream of establishing their own geographically separate homeland, or "volkstaat." The Democratic Party (1.72% of the vote) draws its support largely from middle-class, liberal whites who had always opposed the apartheid regime.
	www.puc-rio.br /parcerias/untpdc/eto/etosite/ccg01088.txt (1649 words)

	Independent Projects Trust - Conflict resolution specialists.
		The IFP was often sidelined based on erroneous perceptions and opinion polls suggesting that IFP support was limited to one or two percent of the electorate (Mattes 1994:13).
		The IFP was seeking a recognised Zulu Kingdom and the ANC were rejecting this as a latent form of apartheid.
		In May 1996 the ANC agreed to recognise that Inkatha was part of the liberation movement and a code of party conduct that basically bans violence and the threat of violence was achieved.
	www.ipt.co.za /arnogo.htm (4783 words)

	[No title]
		The IFP cites the meeting of the two groups in 1979 and the refusal of the Inkatha to remain in alliance with the ANC once the decision to go forward with the armed struggle was made public and official.
		Furthermore, for the IFP to voice opposition to the outcomes of the convention, while having given up and walked out on the process is both hypocritical and patronizing to those who chose to forfeit their personal interests for the sake of compromise which led to the creation of a constitution revered throughout the world.
		The IFP argued extensively that the TRC was a reflection of the ANC, that it was an ANC puppet institution, and that Tutu, in particular was towing the party line.
	www.du.edu /gsis/sfa/juggling.doc (8265 words)

	afrol News - KwaZulu-Natal peace maintained in last minute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		During the fall of apartheid, however, Inkatha rule was challenged by the numerous ANC followers in the province, leading to political violence that left thousands dead during the early 1990s.
		The Inkatha leader has indicated that he cannot remain in the national coalition government if the peace between ANC and his party is broken in KwaZulu-Natal.
		He reiterated his party's "commitment to peace and stability in KwaZulu-Natal," and talked about the necessity to find "an amicable solution to this unnecessary instability." He however puts all the blame for this instability on the "unreasonable" position of the Inkatha party.
	www.afrol.com /News2003/sa001_inkatha_anc.htm (718 words)

	AEGiS-DMG: Inkatha Now Wants in On HIV/Aids 'Muti'
		IFP sources told the MandG that two doctors had made a presentation to the IFP national council in Ulundi about six weeks ago.
		The party decided that funds should be raised from a monthly levy on all IFP office-bearers and that a sub-committee be set up to determine how the IFP should become involved with Hypo-Plus.
		IFP officials say that funds have been earmarked to help arrange proper clinical trials for the product and that Johannesburg attorneys have been approached to safeguard its patent protection.
	www.aegis.com /news/DMG/2002/MG021005.html (695 words)

	“Traditional” Dictatorship: One Party State in KwaZulu Homeland Threatens Transition to Democracy (Human ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The IFP later stated that it would not return to negotiations unless, amongst other preconditions, the form of a future South African state was agreed in advance, with provision for "shared sovereignty" between regional legislatures and central government.
		In 1979 "inkatha" was introduced as a compulsory subject to be taught for one hour a week in all KwaZulu schools, a program described by Buthelezi as the equivalent of civics lessons in other jurisdictions.
		Freedom of expression, assembly, and association C all endorsed by the draft constitution for KwaZulu/Natal proposed by the KwaZulu Legislative Assembly C are not respected.
	hrw.org /reports/1993/southafrica2 (17618 words)

	Politics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The IFP was critical of the negotiation process between the ANC and the South African government, and was not formally involved in the process.
		Born from the International Socialist League, the Communist Party of South Africa was formally established at a conference in Cape Town in 1921, with strong connections to the Moscow-based Comintern.
		In 1924 the party became multi-racial in South Africa, and in 1928 the Comintern encouraged the formation of an alliance with the ANC.
	www.globalexchange.org /countries/africa/southafrica/politics.html (1585 words)

	South Africa- Government
		Minority parties wouldn’t be able to use the veto power over the decisions of the majority governing party.
		In the nine provincial assemblies, representation is based on the percent of the vote won by political parties in elections.
		The party was outlawed from 1960 to February 1990.
	www.angelfire.com /ok/southernafrika/government.html (604 words)

	South African Political Groups
		I believe that Americans take their freedom for granted, and after reading and researching, I believe that living in a country where you can be who you are, do the things that you want to do, and live the way you want to live is the best thing in the world.
		The Inkatha Freedom Party is a South African political party which was founded in 1975 by Mangosuthu Buthelezi.
		Inkatha believes that the government should promise its people improvement for the future and that leadership must meet the demands of responsibility by taking any steps necessary to avoid a race war.
	www.eou.edu /~nknowles/fall2000/sapg.html (1220 words)

	Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Members of the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) were included in the cabinet, but the National Party, which had resigned from the GNU in 1996, remained in opposition.
		The National Party also launched a court challenge to the commission calling for the dismissal of its vice-chair and an order that it carry out its work without bias, though this case was later settled on the basis of an apology.
		ANC and IFP discussions of a local peace plan continued, without conclusion, including controversial proposals for amnesty to be granted to "warlords" on a more generous basis than under the legislation establishing the Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
	www.hrw.org /hrw/worldreport/Africa-11.htm (2725 words)

	afrol News - KwaZulu-Natal leadership licking its wounds
		Inkatha leader Mangosuthu Buthelezi was also said to have threatened to step down from his office as national Minister of Home Affairs.
		In a communiqué released today by KwaZulu-Natal's ANC spokesman Mtholephi Mthimkhulu, the local party says it was behind the original proposal to allow floor-crossing during a legislative term, having in mind a takeover of the provincial government.
		Now, it was time for the "the ANC and Inkatha leadership to constructively engage afresh in negotiations around the 1999 Coalition Agreement between the two parties to co-govern the province," Mr Mthimkhulu says.
	www.afrol.com /News2003/sa002_inkatha_anc2.htm (643 words)

	South African Political Party Media Releases - Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP)
		The IFP maintains that the uprooted communities, families torn apart, orphans and child-headed households are not so much the result of the disease as of unclear, tardy and callous policies pursued by the ruling party since 1994.
		The IFP contends this is a fallacy on both counts and quotes the most prosperous municipality in the province –; eThekwini Metro – as an example to the contrary.
		The IFP clearly recalls the ANC council’s motivation for the transfer of ownership that the private consortium was expected to solve all the problems accumulated during the previous public ownership of the company.
	community.mype.co.za /index.php/politics?cat=57 (5736 words)

	SAFUNDI: The Journal of South African and American Studies
		In this paper the author tries to understand two movements of subjugated peoples of America and South Africa that claim to be for the political, cultural, and economic advancement of their particular ethnic group—the American Indian Movement (AIM) and Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP).
		Both groups actively use symbols and protests to tie their group to the traditional past and to the history of subjugation; both groups look to traditional leadership as a source of legitimacy.
		Inkatha in particular uses a highly controversial history, invented to suit its political purposes, that ties the current movement to the supposed greatness of King Shaka of the early nineteenth century.
	www.safundi.com /issues/10/mckenney.asp (237 words)

	Green Left - Cover Story: Freedom Alliance badly shaken in Bop fallout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		With the entrance of Viljoen's party into the race, it is estimated that the NP may lose up to a third of its vote, reducing its likely representation in the post-April cabinet of the government of national unity.
		The Inkatha Freedom Party is now main threat to a peaceful, free and fair election in April.
		The IFP began to repeat demands that the election be postponed.
	www.greenleft.org.au /1994/136/10143 (1005 words)

	South African Political Parties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The party emblem is in the centre - the globe and cross- with stripes of equal size and dimensions as in the Haiti flag.
		Having its origins as a breakaway group from the National Party in 1969, the HNP as with the Conservative Party, wished to stay as close to the traditional NP colours of orange, white and blue.
		The PAC is a small radical left wing fl nationalist party that broke away from the ANC in 1959 in protest at the ANC's domination by the South African Communist Party.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/za}.html (4817 words)

	Inkhata Freedom Party Says ANC Has Lost the War Against HIV/AIDS
		IFP president Mangosuthu Buthelezi accused the government of having lost the war on HIV/AIDS.
		IFP stronghold, up to 40 percent of the population may be infected with HIV, the AIDS virus.
		Reverend Musa Zondi is the secretary-general of the Inkatha Freedom Party.
	www.voanews.com /english/Africa/2006-10-09-voa29.cfm (415 words)

	Worldandnation: Governing party wins big in South Africa
		The New National Party, which presided over half a century of white minority rule, was dealt a heavy blow in South Africa's third all-race election.
		Party support had tumbled from 20 percent in 1994 to less than 7 percent in 1999.
		The ANC also was leading in votes for nine provincial assemblies, though in KwaZulu-Natal it was neck-and-neck with the Zulu nationalist Inkatha Freedom Party.
	www.sptimes.com /2004/04/17/Worldandnation/Governing_party_wins_.shtml (249 words)

	Establishing the truth about the apartheid past: Historians and the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission
		Many white right-wingers and Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) supporters regarded the TRC as a partisan body representing the African National Congress’ view of history which involved a witch-hunt to discredit the enemies of the ANC.
		Despite the subjective and partial nature of the truth revealed by the TRC, there was the danger that it could be regarded by the public as the real and whole history of apartheid.
		As expected, the TRC found that the National Party government and the Inkatha Freedom Party (as governing party in KwaZulu) had been the main perpetrators of human rights violations, including the extra-judicial killing of political opponents.
	web.africa.ufl.edu /asq/v8/v8i1a5.htm (8679 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Africa \| Zulu party out of SA cabinet
		The two IFP members who were named in the cabinet did not attend Thursday's swearing-in ceremony.
		The violence was ended when the IFP agreed to serve in a national unity government after the end of apartheid.
		The IFP had said it would contest the results in the courts but dropped its protest on Monday.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/3670123.stm (504 words)

	CNN - S. Africa ballot count ushers in post-Mandela era - June 3, 1999
		With 59 percent of the voting districts reporting, the ruling African National Congress (ANC) had 63 percent; the Democratic Party, 11 percent; The New National Party, successor to the ruling party under apartheid, 9 percent; and Zulu nationalist Inkatha Freedom Party, 8 percent.
		With opinion polls showing the ANC far ahead, two questions remained to be resolved by the election: whether or not the ruling party would pull two-thirds of the vote, giving it the power to amend South Africa's constitution, and which of 15 other parties would take second place and become the ANC's official opposition.
		The party was forged from a union between ANC renegade Bantu Holomisa, former military ruler of the apartheid-era fl Transkei homeland, and former National Party strategist Roelf Meyer.
	edition.cnn.com /WORLD/africa/9906/03/south.africa.vote.01 (787 words)

	CNN - Mbeki victorious: 'The people have spoken' - June 3, 1999
		With almost 85 percent of polling stations reporting, latest figures from the Independent Electoral Commission put ANC support at 65.7 percent, with the liberal Democratic Party in second place with 10.2 percent, toppling the former apartheid-era The New National Party as ANC's official opposition.
		The Zulu-based Inkatha Freedom Party had 8.3 percent of the vote.
		Former President F.W. de Klerk was unhappy with the lack of support for his old party, the DP.
	edition.cnn.com /WORLD/africa/9906/03/south.africa.vote.03 (644 words)

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