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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Innocent III
		Innocent's exposition of his theory concerning the relation between the papacy and the empire was accepted by many princes, as is apparent from the sudden increase of Otto's adherents subsequent to the issue of the decretal.
		Innocent, reversing his decision, declared in favour of Philip in 1207, and sent the Cardinals Ugolino of Ostia and Leo of Santa Croce to Germany with instructions to endeavour to induce Otto to renounce his claims to the throne and with powers to free Philip from the ban.
		Innocent summoned those monks of Canterbury who were in Rome to proceed to a new election and recommended to their choice Stephen Langton, an Englishman, whom the pope had called to Rome from the rectorship of the University of Paris, in order to create him cardinal.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08013a.htm (4264 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Innocent II
		In the East, Innocent II curbed the pretension to independence on the part of William, Patriarch of Jerusalem and of Raoul, Patriarch of Antioch (Hergenröther, II, 410).
		Innocent II is said to have given him dispensation from his vows, though others claim that this is a calumny spread by the enemies of the pope (Damberger, "Weltgeschichte ", VIII, 202).
		Innocent II is praised by all, especially by St. Bernard, as a man of irreproachable character.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08012a.htm (1268 words)

	Innocent II and the Church
		Innocent had restored the temporal authority of the Holy See in the patrimony, and had secured full recognition of his rights from the emperors, so that he is sometimes called "the founder of the papal states." He had encouraged and upheld the leagues of Italian cities.
		At the beginning of Innocent's reign the archbishop of Besançon was accused by his chapter of perjury, simony, and incest, and the charges were apparently true.
		Innocent had declared that I "Simony is a disease of the Church which cannot be cured by either mild remedies or fire." The council was especially intent upon mitigating this evil.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Innocent.html (3485 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pope Innocent II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Honorius II, né Lamberto Scannabecchi (from 1117 Cardinal Lambert of Ostia) (died February 13, 1130), was Pope from December 21, 1124 to February 13, 1130.
		Anacletus II, born Pietro Pierloni, (died January 25, 1138) was an Antipope that ruled between 1131 to his death, in a schism against the contested hasty election of Pope Innocent II.
		The second Lateran, and tenth ecumenical council was held by Pope Innocent II in April 1139, and was attended by close on a thousand clerics.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Innocent-II (1155 words)

	Pope Lucius II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It must be ascribed chiefly to his exertions that Lothair III made two expeditions to Italy for the purpose of protecting Innocent II against the Antipope Anacletus II.
		Innocent II appointed him papal chancellor and librarian.
		The Roman Senate, which practically took all temporal power from the pope during the pontificate of Innocent II and was dissolved by Lucius, was resurrected, encouraged by Lucius' defeat.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Lucius_II (294 words)

	Innocent II (d. 1143) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A cardinal by 1116, Innocent was appointed in 1122 by Pope Calixtus II.
		Innocent convoked the second Lateran Council in April 1139 to end the schism, excommunicate Roger, and sustain his own endorsement (made on Easter 1136) of King Stephen over Empress Matilda as rightful ruler of England.
		Innocent also placed France under the interdict—a denial of the sacraments—when King Louis VII of France refused to accept the papal choice for archbishop of Bourges.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/PopeInnocent-II/PopeInnocent-II.html (473 words)

	Pope Innocent II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Innocent II, pope from 1130-1143, whose family name was Paparesci, his own baptismal name being Gregory, was probably one of the clergy in personal attendance on the antipope Clement III[?] (Guibert of Ravenna).
		By the Second Lateran council of 1139, at which Roger of Sicily, Innocent's most uncompromising foe, was excommunicated, peace was at last restored to the church.
		Innocent died Sptember 23, 1143 and was succeeded by Celestine II.
	www.termsdefined.net /po/pope-innocent-ii.html (463 words)

	History of the Mass (19histot.htm)
		Likewise his attempts to modify the concessions his predecessor Pope Innocent II made to the Norman ruler Roger II were less successful than Celestine had hoped for, and the illness of old-age took the life of this good pope before he could establish his stamp on the papacy.
		Calixtus' successor Pope Honorius II elevated him to Cardinal deacon in 1127 to the church of Santa Maria in Via Lata and he was promoted to Cardinal priest by Innocent II in 1134 and assigned to the church of San Marco.
		Celestine was as strong an advocate for the reforms of Pope Saint Gregory VII as Innocent II.
	www.dailycatholic.org /19histot.htm (856 words)

	ONLIPIX - Great names pictures : INN
		INNOCENT VI (Etienne AUBERT, antipope from 1352 to 1362)
		INNOCENT XI (Benedetto ODESCALCHI, pope from 1676 to 1689)(1611-1689)
		INNOCENT XII (Antonio PIGNATELLI, pope from 1691 to 1700)(1615-1700)
	www.onlipix.com /personages/inn.htm (116 words)

	Station Information - Pope Innocent II
		Pope Innocent II Innocent II, pope from 1130-1143, whose family name was Paparesci, his own baptismal name being Gregory, was probably one of the clergy in personal attendance on the antipope Clement III (Guibert of Ravenna).
		Innocent died September 23, 1143 and was succeeded by Celestine II.
		The doctrinal questions in which he was called on to decide were those connected with the opinions of Peter Abelard and Arnold of Brescia.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_innocent_ii.html (298 words)

	AllRefer.com - Innocent II (Roman Catholic Popes And Antipopes) - Encyclopedia
		On the death of Honorius II, a faction of the cardinals elected him pope.
		He was soon recognized in France at the instance of St. Bernard of Clairvaux, and in 1131, Holy Roman Emperor Lothair II, England, and Spain submitted to him.
		Innocent, at the behest of St. Bernard, condemned the teachings of Peter Abelard and of Arnold of Brescia.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/I/Innocent2.html (238 words)

	AllRefer.com - Roger II (Italian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Roger II c.1095–1154, count (1101–30) and first king (1130–54) of Sicily, son and successor of Roger I. He conquered (1127) Apulia and Salerno and sided with the antipope Anacletus II against Pope Innocent II.
		Innocent rallied Holy Roman Emperor Lothair II and other allies against Roger but was defeated in 1139.
		Naples and Capua recognized Roger's sovereignty; Innocent was obliged to invest him with the lands that, for the next seven centuries, were to constitute the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/R/Roger2.html (264 words)

	History of the Mass (18histot.htm)
		Innocent called together the Tenth Ecumenical Council (Second Lateran Council) in April 1139 to bring the schism officially to a close and to reinforce and put into motion all of the reforms by Pope Saint Gregory VII by issuing numerous displinary decrees.
		Roger took Innocent and his men as prisoners in July 1139 and Innocent was forced to acknowledge Roger as King of Sicily in the Treaty of Migniano on July 25, 1139.
		Innocent was forced into exile within the Vatican where he languished in grief for the state of affairs and there, on September 24, 1143, died a lonely death.
	www.dailycatholic.org /hist/18histot.htm (1354 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Born Gregorio Papareschi in Rome, Innocent II was elected pope in 1130 by a minority of cardinals.
		Innocent fled to France and sought the protection and support of King Lothair, who invaded Italy two years later and reinstated Innocent, who crowned Lothair Holy Roman Emperor in 1133.
		Innocent supported the Council of Sens (1140), which condemned Peter Abelard and Arnold of Brescia.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/innocentii.html (148 words)

	Patron Saints Index: Pope Innocent II
		Accompanied Pope Gelasius II when he was driven into France.
		Soon after his political opponents chose the anti-pope Anacletus II, and Innocent was forced to flee Rome, first to Pisa, then Genoa and finally to France.
		Innocent hoped to heal the wounds of the long schism, but he almost immediately became involved in lengthy political disputes involving the city of Tivoli, Italy and with Louis VII of France.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/pope0164.htm (148 words)

	GraciousCall.org - HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH*
		Anacletus betrayed his Semitic origin in his physiognomy, and was inferior to Innocent in moral character; but he secured an election by a majority of cardinals and the support of the principal noble families and the Roman community.
		Innocent was obliged to flee to France, and received there the powerful support of Peter of Cluny and Bernard of Clairvaux, the greatest monks and oracles of their age.
		His son, Frederick II., raised his house to the top of its prosperity, but was in his culture and taste more an Italian than German prince, and spent most of his time in Italy.
	www.graciouscall.org /books/history/5_ch04.htm (14151 words)

	A History of the General Councils - AD 325 through AD 1870 - Mgr. Philip Hughes
		When Calixtus II died, in 1124, there was elected in his place, the Cardinal Lambert who had negotiated the great concordat, a veteran of the papal service and one of the last survivors of the band who had stood around Urban II in the grim years that followed the death of Gregory VII.
		But, except intermittently, Innocent was never master in Rome--the Norman king of Sicily being the staunch supporter of his rival--until 1138, when Anacletus died and his successor, yielding to the influence of St. Bernard, made his submission to Innocent.
		The "Truce of God" is now set out for the whole of Christendom in the detail of Urban II's law of 1095,[3] and the bishops are warned that slackness in excommunicating for breaches of the truce may cost them their place.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/CDHN/coun11.html (1226 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Lucius II
		During the pontificate of Innocent II (1130-43) we find him three times as legate in Germany, viz., in the years 1130-1, 1133-4, and 1136.
		In all these legations he loyally supported the interests of Innocent II, and it must be ascribed chiefly to his exertions that Lothair III made two expeditions to Italy for the purpose of protecting Innocent II against the antipope, Anacletus II.
		Towards the end of the pontificate of Innocent II he was appointed papal chancellor and librarian.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09412a.htm (490 words)

	Pope Innocent II
		Innocent II, given name Gregorio Paparesci dei Guidoni, Roman Catholic Pope from 1130 to 1143, was originally a Benedictine monk.
		Calixtus II appointed him one of the ambassadors who made peace with the Empire and drew up the Concordat of Worms (1122), and in the following year, with his later enemy Cardinal Peter Pierleoni, he was papal legate in France.
		The remaining years of Innocent's life were taken up by a quarrel with the Roman commune, which had set up an independent senate, and one with King Louis VII of France, about an appointment.
	www.nndb.com /people/163/000094878 (496 words)

	CELESTINE II
		In the stormy times when Innocent II was opposed by Pierleone or Anacletus II, Guido from the first stood by Innocent.
		Innocent raised him to the rank of cardinal-Priest of St. Mark.
		Pierre appealed to Pope Innocent against this highhanded interference, and the Pope bluntly stated that Louis was but a boy and must be educated.
	www.cfpeople.org /books/pope/POPEp163.htm (496 words)

	Catholic Encyclopedia: Ad Apostolica Dignititas Apicem: Apostolic letter issued against Emperor Frederick II by Pope ...
		Apostolic letter issued against Emperor Frederick II by Pope Innocent IV (1243-54), during the Council of Lyons, 17 July, 1245, the third year of his pontificate.
		The letter sets forth that Innocent, desiring to have peace restored to those parts which were then distracted by dissensions, sent for that purpose three legates to Frederick as the chief author of those evils, pointed out the way to peace, and promised that he would do his own part to restore it.
		For these and for other crimes, Innocent IV, by this apostolic letter, declares Frederick unworthy to rule, and his subjects freed from their duty of obedience to him as sovereign.
	www.greatestbooks.org /visitorlibrary/cathencyclopaedia/index/a/adapostolicaedignitatisapicem.htm (170 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Second Lateran Council 1139
		In 1132, Innocent held a synod at Piacenza, [[3]] and in 1135 another at Pisa, which was attended by bishops from England, Germany, France, Hungary, Italy, and other countries [[4]].
		3:10; II John 10:11; by the Synod of Antioch (341) in canons 1, 2, 4, and by numerous subsequent synodal decrees.
		Innocent III distinguished between intercourse or communication knowingly held with one excommunicated in crimine criminoso, that is, giving advice or aid of anv kind in the crime for which the excommunication was incurred, and ordinary communication, that is, ordinary conversation with, or praying or eating with the one excommunicated.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/basis/lateran2.html (6430 words)

	Salem (Catholic Encyclopedia) - BibleWiki
		1138) in 1136 during the reign of Pope Innocent II and Emperor Lothair II.
		The former placed the abbey under the special protection of himself and his successors — hence the title of "Royal Abbey" which was renewed several times under Barbarossa and his successors; Innocent II also took the abbey under his particular patronage.
		Its growth was continuous, and even after having made three important foundations — Raitenhauslach (1143), Maristella or Wettingen (1227), and Konigsbrunn (1288) — it numbered 285 monks at the beginning of the fourteenth century.
	bible.tmtm.com /wiki/Salem_%28Catholic_Encyclopedia%29 (414 words)

	The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Creations of cardinals of the XII Century
		Excommunicated by Pope Innocent II in the Council of Reims on October 18, 1131.
		It adds that, according to Jaffé, Callisutus II was at Cluny from December 30, 1119 to January 7, 1120 and that he consecrated, on January 3, the bishop of Geneva, Humbert, who is not considered a cardinal.
		Antipope Innocent III was elected on September 29, 1179 and deposed in January 1180.
	www.fiu.edu /~mirandas/consistories-xii.htm (6890 words)

	Pope's Photo Gallery (151-200)
		153 - VICTOR II Born in Baveria, he was elected on the 16th April 1055 and died on the 28th June 1057.
		Since he was not recognised by the German court, Henry IV supported Honorins II in opposition to him, thereby bhnging about tumults.
		From Alphonsus II of Portugal he obtained the promise that the churches and their income would be respected in that kingdom.
	members.tripod.com /~cckswong/pope151_200.htm#183 (2763 words)

	Pope Innocent II -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		On February 14, 1130, he was hurriedly chosen to succeed (Click link for more info and facts about Honorius II) Honorius II; soon afterwards an opposition asserted itself which issued in the counter-election of Pietro Pierleoni as (Click link for more info and facts about Pope Anacletus II) Pope Anacletus II.
		Innocent died September 24, 1143 and was succeeded by (Click link for more info and facts about Celestine II) Celestine II.
		The doctrinal questions in which he was called on to decide were those connected with the opinions of (French philosopher and theologian; lover of Heloise (1079-1142)) Pierre Abélard and (Click link for more info and facts about Arnold of Brescia) Arnold of Brescia.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_innocent_ii1.htm (282 words)

	Under Pope Innocent II - 1139
		In Lent of 1139 a general council was summoned by Pope Innocent II and held in the Lateran basilica {1}.
		However, there is a doubt as to its ecumenicity for the same reasons that affect Lateran I. The Roman church, which for a long time had been divided in its obedience between Innocent II (1130-1143) and Anacletus II (1130-1138), seems to have overcome schism and factionalism, and indeed to have recovered its peace.
		This was due to the death of Anacletus in 1138 and the efforts of Bernard of Clairvaux, who had fought with the utmost zeal on behalf of Innocent for the restoration of unity.
	www.ewtn.com /library/COUNCILS/LATERAN2.HTM (2796 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		After the death in 1130 of Honorius II, a majority of cardinals elected Pierleoni Pope Anacletus II, and a minority had earlier elected Gregory Papareschi Innocent II.
		The 1134 Council of Pisa, convoked by Innocent, excommunicated Anacletus, who continued, with the aid of Roger II of Sicily, to hold Rome.
		From 1136-37, Lothair II of the Holy Roman Empire attacked Rome and undermined popular support for Anacletus, who was suspected of wishing to turn the Church's material wealth over to the Jews.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/antianacletus.html (201 words)

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