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Topic: Innocent IV

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Pope Innocent IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Pope Innocent IV (Genoa, 1180/90 – Naples, December 7, 1254), born Sinibaldo de Fieschi, Pope from 1243 to 1254, belonged to the feudal nobility of Liguria, the Fieschi, counts of Lavagna.
		Felix IV was Pope from 526 to 530.
		Pius IV, nÃ© Giovanni Angelo Medici (March 31, 1499 â€“ December 9, 1565), pope from 1559 to 1565, was born of humble parentage in Milan, unrelated with the Medicis of Florence.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Innocent-IV (6875 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Pope Alexander IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		He succeeded Innocent IV as guardian of Conradin, the last of the Hohenstaufen, promising him his benevolent protection; but in less than a fortnight he conspired against him and bitterly opposed Conradin's uncle Manfred.
		Alexander IV fulminated with excommunication and interdict against the party of Manfred, but in vain; nor could he enlist the Kings of England and Norway in a crusade against the Hohenstaufen.
		On the death of Innocent IV, at Naples, 7 December, 1254, the aged Cardinal was unanimously chosen to succeed him.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pope-Alexander-IV (1515 words)

	Pope Innocent IV
		Innocent IV, given name Sinibaldo Fiesco, Roman Catholic Pope 1243 to 1254, belonged to the noble Genoese family of the counts of Lavagna.
		Innocent, determined that the Hohenstaufen should not again dominate Italy, offered the crown of Sicily in turn to Richard of Cornwall, Charles of Anjou, and King Henry III of England, the last of whom accepted the doubtful gift for his son Edmund.
		Innocent IV is comparable to his greater predecessor Innocent III.
	www.nndb.com /people/176/000094891 (1464 words)

	Innocent IV, Pope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Innocent IV, Pope (secular name: Sinibaldo Fieschi), b ca 1200 in Genoa, d 7 December 1254 in Naples.
		He was elected pope in 1243, and in 1245 at the General Council of Lyons called for a crusade to defend eastern Europe against the Tatar invasion, and for negotiations with the Eastern church to end the schism.
		Although Innocent IV issued a bull calling for a crusade against the Tatars, the campaign did not take place.
	www.encyclopediaofukraine.com /pages/I/N/InnocentIVPope.htm (108 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Innocent IV
		When Celestine IV died after a short reign of sixteen days, the excommunicated emperor, Frederick II, was in possession of the jtates of the Church around Rome and attempted to intimidate the cardinals into electing a pope to his own liking.
		He promised to yield to the demands of the Curia in all essential points, viz., to restore the States of the Church, to release the prelates, and to grant amnesty to the allies of the pope.
		The registers of Innocent IV were edited by Elie Berger in four volumes (Paris, 1881-98) and his letters, 762 in number, by Rodenberg in "Mon.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08017a.htm (1338 words)

	[No title]
		Innocent studied law at Parma where Obizo, his uncle, was bishop.
		Finally Pope Urban IV (1261-1264) granted the crown to the brother of Louis IX of France, Charles of Anjou.
		Innocent immediately published the twenty-two conciliar canons promulgated at Lyon on 25 August 1245 and sent them to the schools in Bologna and Paris.
	faculty.cua.edu /pennington/InnocentIVBiography.htm (1932 words)

	Pope Innocent IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Pope Innocent IV Pope Innocent IV Pope Innocent IV : pope-innocent-iv.ask.dyndns.dk
		'''Innocent IV''', né Sinibaldo de Fieschi (''ca.'' 1180/90 - December 7, 1254), pope from 1243 to 1254, belonged to one of the first families of Genoa, and, educated at Parma and Bologna, passed for one of the best canonists of his time.
		He was succeeded by Alexander IV, and was the uncle of Adrian V.
	pope-innocent-iv.ask.dyndns.dk (283 words)

	Worldroots.com
		Pope Innocent IV When after a stormy interval of over seventeen months, the cardinals managed to hold an election at Anagni in June 1243, they quickly elected Sinibaldo de' Fieschi.
		Innocent, as suzerain of Sicily, hawked the Sicilian crown around Europe, but with Conrad's halfbrother Manfred holding Sicily in arms, there was no rush of takers.
		Italy was desolated; papal taxation grew and grew, and with it a loud chorus of complaint.
	www.worldroots.com /brigitte/famous/p/popeinnocentbio.htm (511 words)

	Innocent IV. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Frederick was condemned again and declared deposed, and Innocent supported Henry Raspe and, later, William II of Holland as pretenders to the imperium.
		Innocent did not spare the other Hohenstaufen, Conrad IV and Manfred, but after finding them invincible in Sicily, he recognized Conradin as king of Sicily.
		Innocent was almost wholly occupied with his quarrel with the Hohenstaufen, and the taxes he levied to continue it made him unpopular with clergy and laity alike.
	www.bartleby.com /65/in/Innocent4.html (239 words)

	Under Pope Innocent IV Lyons-1
		When Innocent IV succeeded as pope in 1243 he gave his earnest attention to renewing this policy.
		For in it can be found neither the condemnation of Frederick II, which seems to have been the chief matter of the council, nor the five constitutions pertaining to the important questions introduced by Innocent IV at the opening of the council, namely those concerned with the Tartars, the Latin east and the crusades.
		Innocent {1}, bishop, servant of the servants of God, in the presence of the holy council, for an everlasting record.
	www.ewtn.com /library/COUNCILS/LYONS1.HTM (6278 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Innocent IV, like his predecessors in the great line of lawyer-popes, Innocent III and Gregory IX, was a master of canon law, and even wrote a famous commentary on it.
		This frenetic activity of Innocent IV culminated with the Bull Ad Extirpanda, 'to extirpate', which 'sought to render the civil power completely subservient to the Inquisition, and prescribed the extirpation of heresy as the chief duty of the state'.
		But Innocent IV had, with this single stroke, instituted a system of repression that was then honed by Alexander IV (1254-1261), Urban IV (1261-1265), and Clement IV (1265-1268), himself an ex-inquisitor, and finally codified by Boniface VIII in the Liber Sextus of 1298.
	www.mosquitonet.com /~prewett/burman.html (607 words)

	Innocent IV - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Innocent IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Through the Council of Lyons (1245) he excommunicated and deposed the Emperor Frederick II, decreed the revival of the crusades and affirmed the authority of the popes in language even more unequivocal than that of Innocent III.
		In his papal bull ‘Ad extirpenda’ (1252) he authorized and controlled the use of torture by the Inquisition.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Innocent+IV (139 words)

	Pope Innocent IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Finding his position in Rome insecure Innocent withdrew in the summer of 1244 to Genoa and thence to Lyons where he summoned a general council met in 1245 and deposed Frederick.
		The remainder of his life was largely to schemes for compassing the overthrow of Manfred the natural son of Frederick II the towns and the nobility had for most part received as his father's successor.
		He was succeeded by Alexander IV Original text from the 19th edition (1880) an unnamed encyclopedia.
	www.freeglossary.com /Pope_Innocent_IV (397 words)

	MS1, Detailed Description in Table Format, Syracuse University Library, Dept. of Special Collections
		II, Novellae of Pope Innocent IV and Decretales of Pope Gregory IX cum glossis; Pt.
		The miniature representing the Pope Innocent IV at the Council of Lyon (A-f.2r; P-f.1r) depicts the Pope seated with bishops on his left and other figures on his left and taking place within an architectural structure.
		Pope Innocent IV; Pope Gregory IX; Raymond of Penafort.
	libwww.syr.edu /digital/collections/m/MedievalManuscripts/ms01/table01.htm (1139 words)

	Pope Innocent IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		He had for his immediate predecessor Celestine IV, whohowever, was pope for eighteen days only, and therefore the events of Innocent's pontificate practically link themselves on tothose of the reign of Gregory IX.
		The agitation caused by this act throughout Europe terminated only withFrederick's death in 1250, which permitted he pope to return, first to Perugia, and afterwards in 1253 to Rome.
		It was on a sick bed at Naples that Innocent heardof Manfred's victory at Foggia, and thetidings are said to have precipitated his death on December 7, 1254.
	www.therfcc.org /pope-innocent-iv-52637.html (237 words)

	Innocent IV
		Conrad IV, ruler of the Holy Roman Empire - Conrad IV, 1228–54, German king (1237–54), king of Sicily and of Jerusalem...
		A kingdom in crisis: Henry IV and the battle of Shrewsburry: Alastair Dunn discusses the battle and its repercussions in its 600th......
		Mind of an assassin: Ravaillac and the murder of Henry IV of France.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0825256.html (360 words)

	Innocent IV - Free-Definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Innocent IV Article in English: Pope Innocent IV
		Innocent IV, né Sinibaldo de Fieschi (vers 1180/90 - 7 décembre 1254), pape de 1243 à 1254, appartenait à l'une des principales familles de Gênes.
		Après la mort rapide de Célestin IV en 1241, l'Église demeura plus d'un an sans pape.
	fr.free-definition.com /Innocent_IV.html (304 words)

	Poor Clares - History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Pope Innocent IV declares Poor Ladies not bound to his Rule.
		Innocent IV orders inquiry into Clare's life on October 18th.
		Clare is canonized by Pope Alexander IV (Raynaldus) on August 15th.
	www.poorclare.org /clare_sites.html (537 words)

	ALEXANDER IV
		ALEXANDER IV There was consternation among the cardinals at Naples when Innocent IV passed away.
		Rinaldo was the son of the count of Segni and the third pope of that family to reign in the thirteenth century.
		When he learned that St. Clare was gravely ill, he went to Assisi to console her and heeded the saint's dying request to obtain from Innocent IV a confirmation of the Poor Clares' privilege of poverty.
	www.cfpeople.org /Books/Pope/POPEp179.htm (485 words)

	innocent
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		Innocent is a graphic novel published by King Tractor Press (2006) written by Shawn Granger.
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	www.logicjungle.com /wikifind-innocent.html (308 words)

	First Council of Lyons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The First General Council of Lyons was over by Innocent IV Innocent IV threatened by Emperor Frederick arrived at Lyons December 2 1244 and in 1245 summoned the bishops and princes the council.
		The chronicle of the Benedictine of St Peter at Erfurt states that hundred and fifty prelates responded; the Latin of Constantinople Antioch and Aquileia (Venice) 140 bishops the Latin emperor Baldwin II of Constantinople Louis IX of France Raymond VII Count of Toulouse and Raymond Bérenger IV Count of Provence were among those who participiated.
		At the opening June 28 Innocent IV his famous sermon on the five wounds the Church enumerated his personal five sorrows: the bad conduct of prelates and faithful; the insolence of the Saracens; (3) the Schism; (4) the cruelties of the Tatars Hungary; (5) the persecution by the Emperor who not unexpectedly did not appear.
	www.freeglossary.com /First_Council_of_Lyons (554 words)

	Innocent III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Le Pape Innocent III leur accorde "le privilège de pauvreté".
		En 1208, le Pape Innocent III lance une croisade contre les Hérétiques.
		Following the Crusades against the Albigeois (1208-1229) and the Cathares in Occitania, started by Pope Innocent III, Provence was ruled by a single administration and Pope Gregory X made sure all the land on the left bank of the River Rhône became a Papal Possession.
	innocent-iii.fr.exsugo.org (790 words)

	ipedia.com: First Council of Lyons Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The First General Council of Lyons was presided over by Innocent IV.
		Innocent IV, threatened by Emperor Frederick II, arrived at Lyons December 2, 1244, and early in 1245 summoned the bishops and princes to the council.
		It excommunicated and deposed Emperor Frederick II and directed a new crusade (the Seventh Crusade), under the command of Louis, against the Saracens and Mongols.
	www.ipedia.com /first_council_of_lyons.html (197 words)

	Sources: life of St. Clare 4
		That is why Innocent IV promulgated his own Rule, which starts with the words "Cum omnis vera religio".
		The Rule of Innocent IV also stated that the Poor Ladies were to be entrusted to the jurisdiction of the General and Provincial Ministers of the Order of Friars Minor (c.
		On 18 October 1253, Pope Innocent IV issued the Bull "Gloriosus Deus", in which he entrusted Bartolomeo, Bishop of Spoleto, to conduct the canonical process for the canonisation of Clare.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/ofm/fra/FRAsrc04.html (1682 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Pope Innocent VIII
		The chief concern of the new pope, whose kindliness is universally praised, was the promotion of peace among Christian princes, though he himself became involved in difficulties with King Ferrante of Naples.
		The protracted conflict with Naples was the principal obstacle to a crusade against the Turks; Innocent VIII earnestly endeavoured to unite Christendom against the common enemy.
		The circumstances appeared particularly favourable, as Prince Djem, the Sultan's brother and pretender to the Turkish throne, was held prisoner at Rome and promised co-operation in war and withdrawal of the Turks from Europe in case of success.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08019b.htm (644 words)

	Carmelite Friars UK - Order
		This way of life was approved successively by Honorius III in 1226, by Gregory IX in 1229, and by Innocent IV in 1245.
		In 1247, Innocent IV approved it definitively as an authentic rule of life, amending it to suit Western conditions.
		As a result of the approval of the Rule by Innocent IV, the Carmelites placed themselves at the service of the Church, according to the common ideal of the Mendicant Orders...
	www.carmelite.org /order.htm (1010 words)

	FREDERIC II entre PONTIFICATS et COMMUNES LIBRES
		Innocent III (1198-1216) fut un des meilleurs souverains pontifes de la Chrétienté, l’homme qui porta l’Eglise au sommet du pouvoir médiéval.
		Après le bref interrègne de Célestin IV- issu du premier conclave de l’histoire- fut élu comme pape Innocent IV (1243-1254) qui se montrera le plus implacable ennemi de Frédéric II.
		Après un début de tractations en vue d’un impossible accord, Innocent IV s’enfuit de Rome et installa la Curie à Lyon où il convoqua un Concile au cours duquel l’Empereur fut excommunié et déposé.
	www.stupormundi.it /Franc/pape_comunes.html (1121 words)

	Pope Innocent IV - Term Explanation on IndexSuche.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Pope Innocent IV - Term Explanation on IndexSuche.Com
		Innocent IV, born Sinibaldo de Fieschi (''ca.'' 90 - December_7, 1254), pope from 1243 to 1254, belonged to one of the first families of Genoa, and, educated at Parma and Bologna, passed for one of the best canonists of his time.
		He was succeeded by Alexander IV ''Original text from the 19th edition (1880) of an unnamed encyclopedia.'' Preceded by:Pope_Celestine_IV List_of_popes Succeeded by:Pope_Alexander_IV
	www.indexsuche.com /Pope_Innocent_IV.html (307 words)

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