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Topic: Inoculation

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	Inoculation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Inoculation, originally Variolation, is a method of purposefully infecting a person with smallpox (Variola) in a controlled manner so as to minimise the severity of the infection and also to induce immunity against further infection.
		Inoculation in the East was historically performed by blowing smallpox crusts into the nostril, but in Britain, Europe and the American Colonies the preferred method was rubbing material from a smallpox pustule from a selected mild case - Variola Minor - into a scratch between the thumb and forefinger.
		In France considerable opposition arose to the introduction of inoculation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Inoculation (994 words)

	Subclinical Prion Disease Induced by Oral Inoculation -- Thackray et al. 77 (14): 7991 -- The Journal of Virology
		Inoculation of mice with RML 5.0 prion inoculum.
		wild-type mice, tga20 mice inoculated by the i.c.
		Neuropathology of wild-type and tga20 mice inoculated with RML 5.0 prions.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/77/14/7991 (5277 words)

	Inoculation Theory
		The term, "Inoculation Theory," is drawn from the public health practice of giving shots to prevent serious diseases.
		Inoculation works because it causes the receivers to engage in systematic processing about the attitude object.
		In essence, inoculation is a kind of judo where the receivers are tricked into thinking about the object.
	www.as.wvu.edu /~sbb/comm221/chapters/inocul.htm (1836 words)

	Shiitake Mushroom Production: Obtaining Spawn, Obtaining and Preparing Logs, and Inoculation F-40
		Inoculation is the introduction of the live shiitake fungus into the log.
		Inoculation should always be done in a shaded area to avoid direct exposure of the spawn to sunlight.
		While the entire inoculation process can be done by one person, a minimum of three is suggested: one person to drill holes, one to place the spawn in the holes and one to seal the inoculation sites.
	ohioline.osu.edu /for-fact/0040.html (1883 words)

	Inoculation effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In communication theory, the inoculation effect refers to a strategy of prejudicing one's audience against an opposing argument they may hear in the future.
		Inoculation effect can also be used in medicine to refer to the body's response to an introduction of a vaccine through a process called inoculation.
		It is also used in psychology, for example, to sensitise and prime people to being able to handle stress (see stress inoculation).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Inoculation_effect (262 words)

	Unasylva - No. 92 - Afforestation of treeless areas
		In countries where inoculated nurseries and plantations already exist, infection may be transported to new ones through spore flight or, for instance, in soil adhering to tools, car tires or shoes of foresters moving from one nursery to another.
		The success of the inoculation also depends on the physical and chemical properties of the nursery soil; in other words, it is not enough merely to introduce the fungus into the soil, but the conditions must be suitable for its further growth.
		Inoculation is practiced in Argentina when new nurseries are established in formerly treeless areas, where mycorrhizal fungi are presumably lacking.
	www.fao.org /docrep/87903e/87903e08.htm (9570 words)

	[No title]
		Inoculations are generally sent whenever a misclassification occurs or when the message is of particular interest or urgency.
		The Inoculation Subtype The inoculation subtype specifies the nature of the message body to be a complete message, spam or nonspam, presented for inoculation to the recipient's filter agent.
		A "spam" inoculation type must be accompanied by a message that is deemed to be spam by the sender and a "nonspam" inoculation type must be accompanied by a message that is deemed to be innocent by the sender.
	www.zdziarski.com /papers/draft-spamfilt-inoculation-03.txt (2993 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Inoculation with Ericoid Mycorrhizal Fungi Alters Root Colonization and Growth in Nursery ...
		Inoculation of TC plants, caused measurable changes in plant growth during the first two growing cycles, however, the responses to inoculation varied with cultivar, suggesting that a level of plant-fungus specificity may exist in EMF associations with blueberry plants that influences plant growth.
		Inoculation of HC with EMF increased colonization on cuttings under the cultural practices used in the nursery, however colonization decreased between 3 months and 5 months after sticking suggesting that the specific cultural conditions used during propagation decreases colonization by both natural and inoculated populations of the fungi.
		Inoculation of TC plants caused measurable changes in plant growth, however, responses to inoculation varied with cultivar, suggesting that a level of plant-fungus specificity may exist in EMF associations with blueberry plants that influences plant growth.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=155669 (570 words)

	Nitrogen Fixation and Inoculation of Forage Legumes
		Ensure that the package of inoculant is labeled with a serial number, the legumes for which the culture is to be used, the date of expiration, and storage method.
		Inoculation can be beneficial to the establishment of effective N fixation on new seedlings of legumes in areas 1) where a legume of the cross-inoculation group has not been grown previously or 2) where N-fixing bacteria soil populations have been severely reduced by adverse soil conditions such as drought or soil acidity.
		Inoculate in all cases when there is doubt as to whether bacteria of the proper strain are already present in the soil.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /AG152 (1796 words)

	Seed Inoculation
		Dry inoculant can be mixed with seed, but it is difficult to assure good mixing and to avoid much of the inoculant from falling on the ground some distance from the seed.
		Properly inoculated seeds have thousands of bacteria per seed; however, only one bacterium is needed to infest a seedling's root.
		If alfalfa was not inoculated prior to planting, there is at least one commercial bacterial preparation that can be mixed with water and sprayed on alfalfa to improve inoculation with rhizobia.
	alfalfa.okstate.edu /pub/stand-949/seed.htm (837 words)

	The UCLA Louise M. Darling Biomedical Library History and Special Collections Division presents: Smallpox, vaccination, ...
		Probably from this came the idea of deliberate inoculation in which people were infected with smallpox - a mild case it was hoped.
		Inoculation or variolation (as it was called in the West after the Latin term for smallpox, variola) was practiced in the East for many centuries before it made its way to Europe in the early 18th century.
		Inoculation was discussed by those interested in science and medicine.
	www.library.ucla.edu /libraries/biomed/smallpox/inoculation.html (365 words)

	Inoculation
		However, for this relationship to occur, the seed must be properly inoculated with the appropriate strain of Rhizobium bacteria.
		Inoculants are available in various forms including dry peat, liquid and granular.
		Granular inoculant, a relatively new form of inoculant, has alleviated many of the concerns with inoculant applications.
	www.ext.nodak.edu /extpubs/plantsci/rowcrops/a1166-b.htm (3058 words)

	Seed Inoculation
		Inoculant is relatively inexpensive and several new products have entered the market, creating a renewed interest in seed inoculation even on fields that have a history of soybean production.
		The decision on whether or not to inoculate is still dependent on whether the field has a recent history of healthy-looking soybeans.
		The practice of inoculating fields that have been out of soybean for more than three to five years may still be a good insurance practice due to the inexpensive nature of the inoculant.
	extension.agron.iastate.edu /soybean/production_seedinoc.html (600 words)

	Inoculation of Agronomic Crop Legumes
		Most commercial inoculants are in a powder form and consist of finely ground peat mixed with the N-fixing bacteria which are intended for mixing with the seed.
		Inoculate if there is any doubt as to whether or not bacteria of the proper strain are present in the soil.
		Some of the inoculants for clover may not be effective in N-fixation by arrowleaf clover although nodules form.
	edis.ifas.ufl.edu /AA126 (1011 words)

	Ag Answers: Seed inoculation Helps Soybeans Get Nitrogen
		Three years of research done at Ohio State shows that seed inoculation is an inexpensive way to improve soybean yields by increasing nitrogen availability to plants.
		Inoculants are useful bacteria that infect roots, then consume plant sugars and carbohydrates in exchange for fixing nitrogen for use by the plant.
		The increases ranged from a high of 4.4 bushels per acre for a commercial inoculant to a low of.6 bushel per acre for regular humus.
	www.agriculture.purdue.edu /aganswers/story.asp?storyID=1538 (422 words)

	The Effects of Stress Inoculation Training for
		We examined the effects of stress inoculation training (SIT) on the anxiety, stress, irrationality, and academic performance of first year law students.
		The legal profession is currently plagued by increasing numbers of lawyers who are dissatisfied with their careers and abandon the practice of law for seemingly less stressful career alternatives (Daicoff, 1997, 1998; Rhode, 2002).
		We examined the effects of stress inoculation training (SIT) on the anxiety, stress, irrationality, and academic performance of first-year law students and noted an outcome pattern that permits promising conclusions.
	horan.asu.edu /d-rs-apa-y2k.htm (4762 words)

	Stress Inoculation Training for Coping with Stressors
		Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) emerged out of an attempt to integrate the research on the role of cognitive and affective factors in coping processes with the emerging technology of cognitive behavior modification (Meichenbaum, 1977).
		The final phase of application and follow through provides opportunities for the clients to apply the variety of coping skills across increasing levels of stressors (inoculation concept as used in medical immunization or in social psychology to prepare individuals to resist the impact of persuasive messages).
		Holcomb, W. Stress inoculation therapy with anxiety and stress disorders of acute psychiatric patients.
	www.apa.org /divisions/div12/rev_est/sit_stress.html (1589 words)

	On the Anthrax Inoculation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		But, even if the inoculation of horse-nose mucous were to produce a variant form of a previously well-known artificial infectious rabbit disease, I would still regard this as of minor importance It would not be a suitable matter to communicate to a world congress.
		For example, after inoculation on the hind quarters, the glands in the jaws and shoulders are often swollen, while, on the other hand, anthrax from feeding sometimes leaves the glands in the jaws unaffected and the glands in one or both inguinal regions are swollen.
		To test the resistance of inoculated sheep to natural infection, both commissions adopted this procedure: After inoculation, the animals were immediately placed with a similar number of uninoculated sheep in a meadow where, according to experience, anthrax was prevalent.
	www.foundersofscience.net /Anthrax_Inoc.htm (11243 words)

	Publication: Soybean Inoculation: Applying the Facts to Your Fields
		Peat (or humus) is used as a carrier in either a granular form, which is applied in-furrow, or in a powder form, which is applied to the seed at planting.
		Fields that have had an inoculated soybean crop before are able to retain the bacteria from year to year.
		Inoculation of a field is recommended if soybean has not been grown within the past four to five years.
	www.ianrpubs.unl.edu /epublic/pages/publicationD.jsp?publicationId=528 (1067 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Soil Pasteurization and Inoculation with Mycorrhizal Fungi Alters Flower Productin and Corm ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Inoculated plants had larger daughter corms and produced more cormels than non-inoculated plants but inoculation also preferentially increased biomass partitioning to daughter corms over cormels resulting in a lower average weight per cormel.
		Inoculation increased concentrations and content of potassium (K), nitrogen (N), zinc (Zn), and non-reducing sugars in daughter corms.
		Changes in biomass partitioning between corms and cormels in response to VAMF inoculation may be important in determining factors that influence the multiplication rate of this crop.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=140462 (419 words)

	Ohio Soybean Inoculation Trials 2000
		Seven years of soybean inoculation evaluation consisting of 49 field trials and over 2600 research plots indicate that inoculating soybeans is a very profitable practice.
		Inoculated seed should be planted as soon as possible after treatment (12 hours or less) so the bacterial cells will remain moist and survive long enough to infect soybean roots following germination.
		Inoculate the seed as it is loaded into the drill or planter.
	www.oardc.ohio-state.edu /soy2001/inoculationtrials.htm (750 words)

	Comparative efficiency of feline immunodeficiency virus infection by DNA inoculation.
		Direct inoculation of genetic material in DNA form is a novel approach to vaccination that has proved efficacious for a number of viral agents.
		DNA inoculation was found to be a reliable means of infection, although seroconversion and the rise in PBMC virus load were delayed relative to intramuscular or intraperitoneal inoculation of virus.
		In conclusion, DNA inoculation of proviral DNA will be of use as a novel method of cell-free virus challenge and may have further potential for the delivery of lentiviral vaccines.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1997/aug/M9780771.html (462 words)

	Effect of Inoculation Techniques and Relative Humidity on the Growth of Molds on the Surfaces of Yellow Layer Cakes -- ...
		Effect of Inoculation Techniques and Relative Humidity on the Growth of Molds on the Surfaces of Yellow Layer Cakes -- Fustier et al.
		Growth of a five-strain mixed mold population used to inoculate cakes by the talc method at 97% (A), 85% (B), and 75% (C) RH.
		The cake samples inoculated in the air had colony counts 10 times lower than those obtained for PDA plate controls.
	aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/64/1/192 (3155 words)

	Smallpox Vaccination - Adverse Reactions: Inadvertent Inoculation: Prevention
		Inflammatory eye conditions that are not being treated with steroids may also predispose to rubbing of the eye and thus increase the risk of inadvertent viral inoculation in a recent vaccinee.
		Additional instructions should be given to the patient on how to avoid inadvertent inoculation of virus to the involved skin area or eye, include handwashing and coverage of the involved skin area (if possible) as well as the vaccination site.
		If additional lesions due to inadvertent inoculation occur, instruct patients in the care of the lesions in order to avoid further transfer to themselves or to others.
	www.bt.cdc.gov /training/smallpoxvaccine/reactions/acc_implant_prevent.html (230 words)

	CHAPTER 3: LEPROSY COMMUNICABLE BY INOCULATION
		28) a case of inoculation in a person with an injured hand who was employed to rub sulphur ointment on leprous patients, his family being quite free from the disease, and no history of previous association with lepers being obtainable.
		Macnamara says:— "This report establishes unequivocally the fact that the inoculated man has become leprous; and, as he had been inoculated three years previously, there is every reason to believe that the disease is the result of the inoculation.
		However, the case for inoculation does not rest upon Dr. Arning’s experiment, but on the un impeachable evidence of numerous reputable witnesses in all parts of the world, and on the fact admitted by pathologists that, given suitable conditions, all bacterial diseases are inoculable.
	www.whale.to /v/tebb/3.html (6269 words)

	The Ductile Iron News - Inoculation
		Aside from reducing chill, inoculation promotes the uniformity of properties throughout varying section sizes, as well as improves machineability and strength.
		Properly weigh the amount of metal to be inoculated.
		Place inoculant in the bottom of an empty ladle that is to be refilled.
	www.ductile.org /magazine/2002_2/inoculation.htm (241 words)

	Innoculation Theory - Persuasion Context
		Inoculation theory states that inoculation is used to describe the attribution of greater resistance to individuals.
		Inoculation can be described in a biological sense in that a less harmful disease often gives immunity to a more harmful disease.
		Inoculation theory says that the nature of the presentation of the message is important.
	www.uky.edu /~drlane/capstone/persuasion/ino.htm (426 words)

	inoculation
		Nuances in inoculation: the role of inoculation approach, ego-involvement, and message processing disposition in resistance.
		A practical inoculation comparison on a new iron line.
		Mold inoculation of cast iron using pressed blocks.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0825268.html (227 words)

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