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Topic: Inorganic phosphate

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Phosphate

	Phosphate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In a biochemical setting, a free phosphate ion in solution is called inorganic phosphate, to distinguish it from phosphates bound in the form of ATP, or perhaps in DNA or RNA.
		Phosphates are often used in laundry detergent as a water softener, but because of boom-bust cycles tied to emission of phosphates into watersheds, phosphate detergent sale or usage is restricted in some areas.
		Leaching of phosphates from fertilized farmland can be a cause of phosphate pollution of surface water, causing algal bloom and consequent oxygen deficit for fish in the same manner as phosphate-based detergents.
	www.bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Phosphate (526 words)

	Phosphate - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In chemistry, a phosphate is a polyatomic ion or radical consisting of one phosphorus atom and four oxygen.
		In the ionic form, it carries a -3 formal charge, and is denoted PO In a biochemical setting, a free phosphate ion in solution is called inorganic phosphate, to distinguish it from phosphates bound in the form of ATP, or perhaps in DNA or RNA.
		In agriculture phosphate refers to one of the three primary plant nutrients, and it is a component of fertilizers.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Phosphate (466 words)

	AllRefer.com - phosphate, Compound & Element (Compounds And Elements) - Encyclopedia
		Since calcium phosphate is only slightly soluble in water, it is not very suitable as a source of the phosphorus necessary for plant life; however, by treating it with sulfuric acid the soluble calcium acid phosphate known as superphosphate of lime is formed.
		Other important inorganic phosphates include ammonium phosphate, important as a fertilizer; trisodium phosphate, used in detergents and for softening water; and disodium phosphate, used to some extent in medicine and in preparing baking powders.
		Nucleotides are phosphate esters that play an important role in the conservation and use of the energy released in the metabolism of foods in the body; adenosine triphosphate is an important nucleotide.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/phosphat.html (368 words)

	Inorganic phosphate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Energy stored by phosphate bonds in the form of ADP or ATP, or other nucleoside diphosphates or triphosphates, or the phosphagens in muscle tissues, is generally referred to as high energyphosphate.
		In ecological terms, phosphate is often a limiting reagent in manyenvironments--the availability of phosphate governs the rate of growth of many organisms.
		Phosphates are a component of certain types of detergent, but because ofboom-bust cycles tied to emission of phosphates into watersheds, phosphate detergent sale or usage is restricted in someareas.
	www.therfcc.org /inorganic-phosphate-110609.html (451 words)

	Phosphate and ATPase Determination Using the µQuant Scanning Microplate Spectrophotometer \| Application Notes
		Inorganic phosphate consumption is proportional to the formation of 2-amino-6-mercapto-7-methylpurine, which has a peak absorbance wavelength of 360 nm.
		Phosphate assays were performed according to the kit instructions except that the volumes were reduced to accommodate microplates.
		The conversion of (MESG), with the consumption of inorganic phosphate, to ribose 1-phosphate and 2-amino-6-mercapto-7-methylpurine results in a change in the absorbance peak from 330 nm to 360 nm.
	www.biotek.com /products/tech_res_detail.php?id=70 (2600 words)

	Patent 4248929: Filter media coated with flame resistant compositions
		Desirably, the inorganic phosphate and ester are substantially uniformly distributed throughout the composition in proportions such that the composition is a gel which can be conveniently deposited, e.g.
		Preferably the afore-described inorganic phosphate and aromatic ester are present in the compositions of this invention in such proportions that when they are substantially uniformly distributed throughout such compositions, the compositions are sprayable gels as described hereinbefore.
		However, other embodiments using inorganic phosphates and/or aromatic esters similar to those expressly described herein but differing somewhat therefrom should be considered equivalents thereof to the extent that such differences do not preclude the advantageous properties of the novel compositions disclosed herein.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4248929.html (2801 words)

	PHO84 - Inorganic phosphate transporter PHO84
		Studies of the high-affinity phosphate transporters in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae using mutant strains lacking either the Pho84 or the Pho89 permease revealed that the transporters are differentially regulated.
		Although both genes are induced by phosphate starvation, activation of the Pho89 transporter precedes that of the Pho84 transporter early in the growth phase in a way which may possibly reflect a fine tuning of the phosphate uptake process relative to the availability of external phosphate.
		The similarity of Pho84p, a high-affinity phosphate transporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to the glucose sensors Snf3p and Rgt2p has led to the hypothesis that Pho84p is an inorganic phosphate sensor.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gg/35039.html (1287 words)

	Inorganic phosphate - biology - Phosphate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In the presence of potassium ion or rubidium ion, inorganic phosphate was Incorporation of inorganic phosphate into a complex of the enzyme with the
		Malate uptake was inhibited by inorganic phosphate (Pi), glutamate, malonate, succinate, 2-oxoglutarate, and n-butyl malonate, an inhibitor of the
		Inorganic phosphates are compounds of phosphorus and oxygen that occur in many forms and are usually combined with
	www.searchforfind.com /sff/inorganic-phosphate.html (195 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		the reaction of fructose diphosphate (FDP) and inorganic phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) and inorganic pyrophosphate.
		Further, the inorganic phosphate may be removed from the reaction by precipitation and/or complexation which may be effected by adding polyvalent metal ions, such as calcium or ferric ions capable of precipitating phosphate or by adding a complex-forming compound capable of complexing phosphate.
		by a glycerophosphate oxidase (GPO, EC 1.1.3.21) and a triose phosphate isomerase
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=01/14566.010301&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4958 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: Murray, Tracey
		In the presence of inorganic phosphate, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) binds to the flavodoxin in two ways; phosphate-first, where the 5-phosphate group makes the initial contact with the flavodoxin, and ring-first, where contact is initiated by the isoalloxazine ring.
		Thus a phosphate molecule, either the 5-phosphate group of FMN or inorganic phosphate, is required for ring-first binding to occur.
		This suggested a role for Trp60 in the communication between the phosphate- and ring-binding subsites, and that Trp60 was involved in an garomatic gateh similar to one observed in the Anabaena apoflavodoxin (Genzor et al., 1996).
	www.ohiolink.edu /etd/view.cgi?osu1060639958 (741 words)

	AquariumFish.com :: Aquarium Fish Magazine :: The monthly magazine for both novice and expert aquarium hobbyists.
		Mention phosphate to a reefkeeper and the images that come to mind are often those of a tank overrun with algae.
		One sink for phosphate may simply be the precipitation of Ca The water in many reef tanks will be supersaturated with respect to this material, as the equilibrium concentration in seawater is only 0.002 ppm PO, which corresponds to about 0.01 ppm total phosphate.
		The presence of phosphate may inhibit the formation of calcium carbonate crystals via surface adsorption, and this effect may very well be the factor that inhibits calcification of corals at high phosphate levels.
	www.aquariumfish.com /aquariumfish/detail.aspx?aid=2276&cid=124&category= (2380 words)

	EPA > OWOW > Monitoring and Assessing Water Quality > Volunteer Stream Monitoring: A Methods Manual > ...
		Organic phosphate consists of a phosphate molecule associated with a carbon-based molecule, as in plant or animal tissue.
		Phosphate that is not associated with organic material is inorganic.
		This inorganic phosphorus gets back into the water column when the bottom is stirred up by animals, human activity, chemical interactions, or water currents.
	www.epa.gov /owow/monitoring/volunteer/stream/vms56.html (2607 words)

	Food for the Soil: Rock Phosphate as Fertilizer
		Yet dotted like geological islands in a dryland sea are places where inorganic phosphate may be mined from old rock deposits.
		However, the rich fines, or dust, discarded from mining are only useful if their inorganic phosphate can be turned into an organic form that local staple crops — corn, beans, millet, sorghum, and vegetables — can actually absorb.
		The combination of water and triple superphosphate was thought to produce a strong acid that attacks insoluble inorganic phosphates and converts them into a form that is more available to plants.
	www.scienceinafrica.co.za /2001/november/phosphate.htm (852 words)

	Flow injection analysis of total inorganic phosphate (EP0486156B1)
		Inorganic phosphates such as orthophosphate and polyphosphate are products which are used in aqueous systems such as cooling towers and boilers to prevent calcium scales and corrosion.
		Thus, it is important to determine on a regular basis the concentration of dissolved inorganic phosphates so that the threshold levels necessary to prevent deposition of calcium scales is maintained.
		A secondary goal is to prevent high phosphate concentrations which may result in subsequent phosphate scale.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=EP00486156B1 (193 words)

	Inorganic phosphate - Phosphate Forum of the Americas - Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The plasma concentrations of inorganic phosphate in the neonatal period are The serum concentration of inorganic phosphate appears to be primarily
		Inorganic phosphorus in the form of the phosphate PO43- plays a major role in biological molecules such as DNA and RNA where it forms part of the structural
		Inorganic phosphorus is the Animals can use either organic or inorganic phosphate.
	www.globalinfoseek.com /gis/inorganic-phosphate.html (246 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The inhibitor compounds were sodium molydate, inorganic phosphate and phenyl phosphonate.
		I predicted that the three compounds we used in the assay, sodium molydate, inorganic phosphate and phenyl phosphonate, should inhibit the reaction of p-Nitro-Phenyl Phosphate to p-Nitrophenol and inorganic phosphate.
		These are that alkaline phosphatase is inhibited by sodium molydate, inorganic phosphate, pheny1 phosphonate, the more enzyme or the more substrate present the faster the reaction will occur and more product will be produced, it has an optimal pH of 10 and it has an optimal operating temperature of 100 degrees Celsius.
	www.eden.rutgers.edu /~raptor/enzymelab.doc (2983 words)

	The Effect of Inorganic Phosphate on Force Generation in Single Myofibrils from Rabbit Skeletal Muscle -- Tesi et al. ...
		Phosphate release and force generation in skeletal muscle fibers.
		The effect of inorganic phosphate on the ATP hydrolysis rate and the tension transients in chemically skinned rabbit psoas fibers.
		It is diprotonated inorganic phosphate that depresses force in skinned skeletal muscle fibers.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/78/6/3081 (5795 words)

	Phosphate - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Chemistry of Phosphate and Nitrogen Compounds in Sediments
		Direct Application of Phosphate Rock and Related Appropriate Technology-Latest Developments and Practical Experiences: Proceedings of an International Meeting
		Phosphoric acid, phosphates, and phosphatic fertilizers, (American chemical society.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /phosphate.htm (558 words)

	The Molecular Basis for Na-dependent Phosphate Transport in Human Erythrocytes and K562 Cells -- Timmer and Gunn 116 ...
		The kinetics of sodium-stimulated phosphate flux and phosphate-stimulated
		Gmaj, P., and Murer, H. Cellular mechanisms of inorganic phosphate transport in kidney.
		Younus, M.J., and Butterworth, P.J. Sodium-dependent transport of phosphate by rat liver plasma membrane vesicles.
	www.jgp.org /cgi/content/full/116/3/363 (8325 words)

	Vermont Clean and Clear - Phosphorus - print version
		Inorganic phosphate is the form required by plants.
		Both organic and inorganic phosphate can either be dissolved in the water or suspended (attached to particles in the water column).
		Aquatic plants and animals take in dissolved inorganic phosphorus and convert it to organic phosphorus as it becomes part of their tissues.
	www.anr.state.vt.us /cleanandclear/phosPRNT.htm (479 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Serum phosphorus
		Dietary phosphorus is efficiently absorbed, so a low PO4 level caused by dietary deficiency is unlikely in the absence of a malabsorption syndrome (inadequate absorption of nutrients in the intestinal tract) for individuals on a normal diet.
		PO4 levels are controlled by PTH, 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D. The 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D increases absorption of calcium and phosphate in the intestines.
		Drugs that can increase PO4 measurements include: laxatives containing Na2HPO4 (sodium phosphate), methicillin, and excess vitamin D or 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D. Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003478.htm (744 words)

	Rate of Phosphate Release after Photoliberation of Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate in Slow and Fast Skeletal Muscle Fibers -- ...
		0, 0.15, 0.3 and 0.45 mM phosphate released.
		The direct, real-time measurement of rapid inorganic phosphate release using a novel fluorescent probe and its application to actomyosin subfragment 1 ATPase.
		Increase in ATP consumption during shortening in skinned fibres from rabbit psoas muscle: effects of inorganic phosphate.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/75/5/2389 (7405 words)

	The nptA Gene of Vibrio cholerae Encodes a Functional Sodium-Dependent Phosphate Cotransporter Homologous to the Type ...
		Phosphate uptake was measured in 1 mM P
		As sodium-independent uptake amounted to less than 8% of the measured uptake in noninduced cells at the selected time point (4 min), sodium-dependent uptake was taken as being equal to uptake in the presence of sodium in these experiments.
		reabsorption of inorganic phosphate from excreted fluid in the
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/184/16/4466 (5201 words)

	Posttranscriptional regulation of the proximal tubule NaPi-II transporter in response to PTH and dietary Pi -- Murer et ...
		Renal adaptation to phosphate load in the acutely thyroparathyroidectomized rat: rapid alteration in brush border membrane phosphate transport.
		Role of microtubules in the rapid regulation of renal phosphate transport in response to acute alterations in dietary phosphate content.
		Functional asymmetry of phosphate transport and its regulation in opossum kidney cells: phosphate adaptation.
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/277/5/F676 (4554 words)

	Question 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Large and/or highly charged compounds are impermeable in the absence of a specific carrier.
		There is an exchange carrier that swaps ATP for ADP and phosphate.
		Inorganic phosphate is moved by the ATP/ADP,P exchange carrier.
	www.med.uiuc.edu /question/question.asp?eid=25 (148 words)

	New insights into the early development of diabetes and the link to obesity
		They also studied the amount of inorganic phosphate (an essential trace element and key regulator of energy generation) in muscle cells of both groups, and how it was affected by insulin.
		They found that in control individuals, insulin results in an increase of phosphate in muscle cells, and that this is also much reduced in insulin-resistant individuals.
		It also suggests that impairment of phosphate transport into muscle cells might be one of the early events in the development of diabetes.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=29195&nfid=mnf (623 words)

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