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Topic: Inositol triphosphate

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Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Action potential

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate

Thymine

	Myo-Inositol
		Myo-inositol is one of nine distinct isomers of inositol.
		The major dietary forms of myo-inositol are inositol hexaphosphate or phytic acid, which is widely found in cereals and legumes and associated with dietary fiber, and myo-inositol-containing phospholipids from animal and plant sources.
		Inositol levels in cerebrospinal fluid are decreased, compared with general populations, in many suffering from depression.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/myo_0145.shtml (1394 words)

	Inositol - 90 CP
		Myo-inositol is an isomer of glucose that is a precursor in the phosphatidylinositol (PIP) cycle, a source of two second messengers: diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol triphosphate (IP3).
		The present study examined the effects of inositol on two animal models of depression: the Porsolt forced swim test, a behaviorally based model; and the reserpine-induced immobility model, a pharmacologically based model.
		The effect of inositol in animal models of depression supports its possible importance as a new treatment for the disorder, and permits research on its mechanisms of action.
	www.healingedge.net /store/more_atrium_inositol.html (270 words)

	Inositol, Inositol Powder, IP-6 Inositol & Choline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Inositol vitamins plays an important part in the health of cell membranes especially the specialized cells in the brain, bone marrow, eyes and intestines.
		Inositol available in different form like inositol powder, choline inositol, inositol hexaphosphate, d chiro inositol, inositol hexanicotinate, ip 6 and inositol and inositol triphosphate.
		Inositol is the common name of myoinositol, the only form of inositol utilized by the body...
	www.herbs-wholesale.com /Inositol/328/1/Inositol.htm (225 words)

	Method of treating diabetes with inositol triphosphate - Patent 5023248
		2,723,938 the use of inositol phosphates is disclosed for stabilizing dispersions of an aqueous suspension of penicillin.
		One group of inositol triphosphate compounds is defined by structural formula (I) where three of R.sub.1, R.sub.3, R.sub.5, R.sub.7, R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 are hydroxyl and the remaining three are phosphate and R.sub.2, R.sub.4, R.sub.6, R.sub.8, R.sub.9 and R.sub.12 are hydrogen.
		Hydrolysis of sodium phytate with baker's yeast and fractionation of a mixture of inositol phosphates.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5023248.html (8067 words)

	U.S. Patent: 5260472 - Efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate, D-myo-inositol ...
		These molecules play a role in an intricate metabolic pathway and the physiological function of some of their metabolites remains to be assessed.
		The strategy entailed a facile biocatalytic route to optically active inositol derivatives which, in turn, served as useful precursors to target molecules.
		Triphosphate (-)-13 (9 g, 8 mmol) and 10% Pd/C (4.5 g) in 90% ethanol was shaken on a mini-Parr apparatus under an atmosphere of H.sub.2 (50 psig).
	www.everypatent.com /comp/pat5260472.html (4145 words)

	Interactive Fly, Drosophila
		Phosphorylation of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor by cyclic nucleotide-dependent kinases in vitro and in rat cerebellar slices in situ.
		Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor is located to the inner nuclear membrane vindicating regulation of nuclear calcium signaling by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate.
		Caveolae from luminal plasmalemma of rat lung endothelium: microdomains enriched in caveolin, Ca(2+)-ATPase, and inositol trisphosphate receptor.
	www.sdbonline.org /fly/dbzhnsky/ino3pr4.htm (7021 words)

	Method of treating pain using inositol triphosphate - Patent 5407924
		One group of inositol trisphosphate compounds is defined by the structural formula (I) where three of R.sub.1, R.sub.3, R.sub.5, R.sub.7, R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 are hydroxyl and the remaining three are phosphate and R.sub.2, R.sub.4, R.sub.6, R.sub.8, R.sub.9 and R.sub.12 are hydrogen.
		Another group of inositol trisphosphates is defined by the structural formula (I) where three of R.sub.1, R.sub.3, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.9 and R.sub.12 are hydroxyl and the remaining three are phosphate and R.sub.2, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.8, R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 are hydrogen.
		Yet another group of inositol trisphosphates is defined by the structural formula (I) where three of R.sub.1, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, R.sub.8, R.sub.9 and R.sub.12 are hydroxyl and the remaining three are phosphate and R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.6, R.sub.7, R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 are hydrogen.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5407924.html (3230 words)

	INABIS '98 - Reduced Depressive-like Behaviors in Animal Models of Depression Following Chronic Inositol Treatment
		Clinical studies demonstrated that inositol was effective in relieving symptoms of depression; however, the mechanism of action of the drug is not clear.
		Further attempts to expand the use of inositol as therapy for depression depend in part on the understanding of its underlying mechanisms, and the study of mechanisms is usually dependent on the development of appropriate animal models of drug action.
		Since the mechanism of action of inositol as a therapeutic agent is not known but the PIP cycle is involved in a number of systems, it appeared reasonable to utilize models that are also related to a number of neurotransmission systems.
	www.mcmaster.ca /inabis98/neuropharm/einat0317/two.html (1200 words)

	Bodybuilding.com - Inositol Information and Product Listing! Inositol FAQ!
		Inositol is a member of the b-complex family of vitamins, but is not the same as inositol Hexaphosphate or inositol hexaniacinate.
		Inositol is used by the body to form cell membranes, and it allows for the proper functioning of cells.
		Inositol is known to assist enzymatic activity, maintain healthy cholesterol levels, control estrogen levels, brain cells, the eyes and the intestines.
	www.bodybuilding.com /store/inos.html (606 words)

	Have you ever wondered how plants know which way is up?
		She and her team used oats and maize plants to show that when a plant is re-oriented the relative effect of gravity on its biochemistry changes the distribution of inositol triphosphate, the ubiquitous cell signaling molecule found in plants and even the human brain.
		They found that if the plants were laid on their sides, there was a rapid increase in concentration of inositol triphosphate at the base of the stems, in the pulvinus cells.
		Additionally, the researchers found that the amount of inositol triphosphate fluctuates between the upper and lower halves of the plant's pulvinus.
	www.reactivereports.com /14/14_1.html (587 words)

	Inositol
		Inositol is a biological molecule that plays an important role as a second messenger in a cell, in the form of inositol phosphates.
		Some preliminary results of studies on inositol supplements show promising results for people suffering from problems such as obsessive compulsive disorder.
		The inositol ring is in the chair conformation.
	www.mrsci.com /Nutrition/Inositol.php (258 words)

	Inositol triphosphate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Inositol trisphosphate or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (also commonly known as triphosphoinositol; abbreviated InsP
		Inositol tetra-, penta-, and hexa-phosphates have been implicated in gene expression by Wu 2003 and Oshea 2003 (both in Science Magazine).
		PIP2 cleavage to IP3 and DAG initiates intracellular calcium release and PKC activation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Inositol_triphosphate (210 words)

	Effects of Inositol, LiCl, and Heparin on the Antibody Responses to SRBC by Normal and Immunodeficient XID Mice -- Tyan ...
		Effects of Inositol, LiCl, and Heparin on the Antibody Responses to SRBC by Normal and Immunodeficient XID Mice
		Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-mediated quantal Ca release measured by high-resolution imaging of Ca within organelles.
		Heparin inhibits inositol triphosphate–induced calcium release from permeabolized rat liver cells.
	www.ebmonline.org /cgi/content/full/224/3/187 (1923 words)

	hairgenesis , natural pillol for hairloss, propecia alternative
		Inositol is found as a component of phospholipids in the brain, skeletal, heart, and male reproductive tissues.
		Inositol is also beneficial for the nerves, for the treatment of eye abnormalities, eczema and some cases of obesity.
		Pure inositol and glucose suitably labelled with 3H or 14C when reacted and followed by paper chromatography and HPLC showed that glucosyl inositol was present along with unreacted free glucose.
	www.anagen.net /hg2.htm (3056 words)

	Determination of Time-Dependent Inositol-1,4,5-Trisphosphate Concentrations during Calcium Release in a Smooth Muscle ...
		Metabolism of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakiphosphate by the oocytes of Xenopus laevis.
		Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate induced calcium release from canine aortic sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles.
		Wojcikiewicz, R. Type I, II, and III inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors are unequally susceptible to down-regulation and are expressed in markedly different proportions in different cell types.
	www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/77/1/617 (6545 words)

	Molecular Characterization of At5PTase1, an Inositol Phosphatase Capable of Terminating Inositol Trisphosphate ...
		Inositol and inositol phosphates were separated with SepPak columns using a triethylammonium buffer gradient.
		The arrows indicate the peak position of inositol and inositol phosphates as determined in Figure 3.
		Perera IY, Heilmann I, Boss WF (1999) Transient and sustained increases in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate precede the differential growth response in gravistimulated maize pulvini.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/126/2/801 (4856 words)

	Chemistry at the University of Central Florida (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		These enzymes respond to stimulation of extracellular receptors by increasing hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositols and generation of intracellular second messengers, diacylglycerol and inositol phosphates.
		Note that the R group on compound (1) is a large hydrophobic functional group which keeps the compound bound to the membrane until compound 2 is formed.
		The next phase of the project is to determine the structure of a bacterial enzyme that naturally used Ca++ as a cofactor during the reaction.
	www.cas.ucf.edu /chemistry/research_biochemistry_PI-PLC.php (590 words)

	Caenorhabditis elegans Inositol 5-Phosphatase Homolog Negatively Regulates Inositol 1,4,5-Triphosphate Signaling in ...
		elegans homolog of the inositol polyphosphate 5- phosphatase.
		Sims, C.E., and Allbritton, N.L. Metabolism of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate by the oocytes of Xenopus laevis.
		Speed, C.J., and Mitchell, C.A. Sustained elevation in inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate results in inhibition of phosphatidylinositol transfer protein activity and chronic depletion of the agonist sensitive phosphoinositide pool.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/13/5/1641 (5824 words)

	Inositol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		ATIONALE: Myo-inositol is an isomer of glucose that is a precursor in the phosphatidylinositol (PIP) cycle, a source of two second messengers: diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol triphosphate (IP3).
		OBJECTIVE: The present study examined the effects of inositol on two animal models of depression: the Porsolt forced swim test, a behaviorally based model; and the reserpine-induced immobility model, a pharmacologically based model.
		CONCLUSIONS: The effect of inositol in animal models of depression supports its possible importance as a new treatment for the disorder, and permits research on its mechanisms of action.
	www.psychopharmacology.net /inos.htm (212 words)

	Enteropathogenic E. coli, Salmonella, and Shigella: Masters of Host Cell Cytoskeletal Exploitation
		Inositol triphosphate (IP is involved in the release of Ca from intracellular stores, and increased levels of IP) and inositol phosphate fluxes (26) have been observed in EPEC-infected cells.
		Invasion also stimulates phospholipase C (PLC) activity, leading to inositol triphosphate (IP) and Ca fluxes, which in turn may be involved in cytoskeletal rearrangements leading to membrane ruffling and Salmonella internalization.
		A diarrheal pathogen, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), triggers a flux of inositol phosphates in infected epithelial cells.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol5no2/goosney.htm (4335 words)

	Signal Transduction Pathways for Catecholamine Receptors
		Phospholipase C catalyzes the breakdown of phosphatidylinositol resulting in the generation of inositol triphosphate (IP which, through binding to a specific inositol triphosphate receptor located on intracellular organelles (e.g., endoplasmic reticulum), releases Ca from intracellular stores.
		In addition, Ca itself can exert a stimulatory effect on inositol triphosphate and ryanodine receptors, which may underlie "oscillations and waves" in Ca levels in some neurons and other cell types (2): this effect of Ca represents a type of positive feedback which promotes the spread of the Ca signal throughout the cell.
		Activation of the phosphatidylinositol pathway would lead, via the generation of diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate-mediated release of Ca from internal stores, to the activation of protein kinase C and to the phosphorylation and regulation of many types of channels and pumps, depending on the cell type.
	www.acnp.org /G4/GN401000028/CH.html (7925 words)

	Localization of Type I Inositol 1,4,5-Triphosphate Receptor in the Outer Segments of Mammalian Cones -- Wang et al. 19 ...
		Brown JE, Blazynski C, Cohen AI (1987) Light induces a rapid and transient increase in inositol triphosphate in toad rod outer segments.
		Nakagawa T, Okano H, Furuichi T, Aruga J, Mikoshiba K (1991) The subtypes of the mouse inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmentally specific manner.
		Patel S, Taylor CW (1995) Quantal responses to inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate are not a consequence of Ca regulation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/19/11/4221 (4596 words)

	D-chiro-inositol is more effective than myo-inositol in preventing folate-resistant mouse neural tube defects -- Cogram ...
		A similar preventive effect of inositol is seen with oral dosing at 800 µg/g body weight per day.
		Cockroft, D.L., Brook, F.A. and Copp, A.J. (1992) Inositol deficiency increases the susceptibility to neural tube defects of genetically predisposed (curly tail) mouse embryos in vitro.
		Greene, N.D.E. and Copp, A.J. (1997) Inositol prevents folate-resistant neural tube defects in the mouse.
	humrep.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/17/9/2451 (4083 words)

	Iron Deficiency Reduces the Hydrolysis of Cell Membrane Phosphatidyl Inositol-4,5-Bisphosphate during Splenic ...
		and triphosphate (IP) from concanavalin A (0, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10
		for the conversion of inositol monophosphate to myoinositol (Allan
		of inositol phospholipid breakdown in isolated rat hepatocytes.
	jn.nutrition.org /cgi/content/full/128/7/1077 (4557 words)

	Alzforum: News
		InsP3 is usually released by the action of phospholipase C, whereupon the inositol phosphate diffuses to the endoplasmic reticulum and mobilizes intracellular stores of calcium.
		When Tang and colleagues challenged the Htt-138Q transfected cells with small amounts of an agonist (3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine or DHPG) to the phospholipase C-linked metabotropic glutamate receptor, they found a significant increase in free intracellular calcium (about 50 percent), whereas the same amount of DHPG elicited a very minor release of calcium in normal.
		Huntingtin and huntingtin-associated protein 1 influence neuronal calcium signaling mediated by inositol-(1,4,5) triphosphate receptor type 1.
	www.alzforum.org /new/detail.asp?id=846 (950 words)

	Oxytocin in reproductive biology
		OT binding activates phospholipase C which provokes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipides into inositol triphosphate and other products.
		Inositol triphosphate releases Ca from intracellular stores, causing a rise of intracellular free Ca which is responsible for contraction of smooth muscle cells in the uterus or mammary gland.
		The purpose of this lecture is to give a brief overview of new aspects of OT biology related to reproductive functions.
	www.gfmer.ch /Endo/Lectures_10/Oxytocin.htm (2797 words)

	Adenosine triphosphate activates the phospholipase-C cascade system in human amnion cells without increasing ...
		Adenosine triphosphate activates the phospholipase-C cascade system in human amnion cells without increasing prostaglandin production -- Vander Kooy et al.
		Adenosine triphosphate activates the phospholipase-C cascade system in human amnion cells without increasing prostaglandin production
		bisphosphate, and inositol monophosphate were increased 7-, 9-, and 16-
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/124/4/2005 (351 words)

	Type-3 Ryanodine Receptors Mediate Hypoxia-, but Not Neurotransmitter-induced Calcium Release and Contraction in ...
		Ryanodine receptors and inositol triphosphate receptors are functionally colocalized in freshly isolated rat pulmonary artery myocytes.
		The opening of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-sensitive Ca channel in rat cerebellum is inhibited by caffeine.
		Inhibition of inositol trisphosphate-induced calcium release by caffeine is prevented by ATP.
	www.jgp.org /cgi/content/full/125/4/427 (6960 words)

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