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Topic: Insect Repellents

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	Insect repellent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An insect repellent is a substance applied to skin, clothing, or other surfaces which discourage insects (and arthropods in general) from landing or climbing on that surface.
		Insect repellents help prevent and control the outbreak of insect-borne diseases such as malaria, Lyme disease, bubonic plague, and West Nile fever.
		Insects commonly serving as vectors for disease include fleas, flies, mosquitos, and ticks.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Insect_repellent (194 words)

	MD Travel Health - Insect repellents - DEET, permethrin, and botanical products
		Insect repellents should be applied judiciously to exposed skin, though not to eyes, mouth, cuts, wounds, or irritated skin.
		Insect repellents should be washed off with soap and water when no longer needed.
		Though less effective, insect repellents containing certain botanical products may be an option when the duration of insect exposure is short or when the risk of contracting a serious infection from mosquito bites is small.
	www.mdtravelhealth.com /illness/insect_repellents.html (610 words)

	CDC: West Nile Virus - QA: Insect Repellent Use and Safety
		Insect repellents can help reduce exposure to mosquito bites that may carry viruses such as West Nile virus that can cause serious illness and even death.
		Using insect repellent allows you to continue to play and work outdoors with a reduced risk of mosquito bites.
		Repellents are effective only at short distances from the treated surface, so you may still see mosquitoes flying nearby.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dvbid/westnile/qa/insect_repellent.htm (2047 words)

	Insect Repellents for Children - Keep Kids Healthy
		Insect repellents with deet are probably the best and most commonly used.
		Although it used to be generally recommended that you only use insect repellents with less than 10% DEET, the American Academy of Pediatrics now says that insect repellents 'with a concentration of 10% appear to be as safe as products with a concentration of 30% when used according to the directions on the product labels'.
		Although deet insect repellents are effective for several hours, they do wash off with water and sweat, and you may have to reapply them to be most effective (follow the product's instructions to be safe), although many experts recommend that DEET should not be applied more than once a day.
	www.keepkidshealthy.com /welcome/spring/insect_repellants.html (602 words)

	Insect Repellents
		Insect repellents have been used on the skin for many years, primarily to prevent mosquito bites.
		SKIN REPELLENTS: Currently available insect repellents for application to the skin (Off!; and others) are usually effective for one to several hours, but can be removed by absorption, evaporation, rain, sweating, swimming or wiping, and must be reapplied to maintain effectiveness.
		DEET repels a variety of mosquitoes, chiggers, ticks, fleas and biting flies; no topical repellent is effective against stinging insects, such as bees and wasps.
	www.shiras.net /Travel/insect_repellents.htm (580 words)

	Insect Repellents - Detroit, Michigan, MI
		Insect repellents applied to clothing are extremely effective and avoid skin irritation.
		Different repellents work by different mechanisms and therefore their effectiveness varies for different types of insects, but here are some general recommendations that will be applicable in most situations.
		Children under 2 years of age should not have insect repellent applied to the skin more than once in 24 hours (it is more effective to apply it to the clothing, anyhow).
	www.henryfordhealth.org /115027.cfm (1325 words)

	MD Travel Health - Bites from mosquitoes, ticks and other insects
		Insect repellents should not be applied to eyes, mouth, cuts, wounds, or irritated skin.
		A newly developed repellent called picaridin (Bayrepel) appears to be about as effective as DEET when used in comparable concentrations.
		Insect repellents based on botanical products, described above, have not been adequately studied for insects other than mosquitoes and cannot be recommended at present to prevent tick bites.
	www.mdtravelhealth.com /illness/insect_and_tick.html (1015 words)

	IPM : West Nile Virus : Insect Repellents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Repellents are chemical substances that protect people from insect attack by making the body unattractive or offensive to insects.
		A repellent does not have to kill insects to be effective, although it may. Repellents are usually synthesized chemicals, although some are natural, botanical products.
		DEET is a highly effective repellent for most insects, but the residual effectiveness will vary with the formulation and the concentration, as well as the insect pest.
	www.ipm.uiuc.edu /wnv/repellents.html (1197 words)

	Malaria - Insect Repellents
		Avoid applying repellents to portions of children's hands that are likely to have contact with eyes or mouth.
		Insect repellents should be applied from dusk to dawn - the time malaria mosquitoes bite the most.
		Permethrin 0.5% (available as REPEL Permanone) may be sprayed on clothing or on mosquito netting, although soaking is the preferred method.
	www.wellontheroad.com /illnesses/malaria3.html (767 words)

	eMedicine - Insect Repellents : Article by Mark S Fradin, MD
		The ideal repellent would repel multiple species of biting arthropods; remain effective for at least 8 hours; cause no irritation to the skin or mucous membranes; possess no systemic toxicity; be resistant to abrasion and washoff; and be greaseless and odorless, making it cosmetically appealing.
		To be effective, an insect repellent must be volatile enough to maintain an effective repellent vapor concentration at the skin surface, but it must not evaporate so rapidly that it quickly loses its effectiveness.
		Repellents should be applied lightly, just covering the exposed areas of skin; do not spray repellents to the point of runoff.
	www.emedicine.com /derm/topic540.htm (4178 words)

	Health Advisory: Tick and Insect Repellents
		Tick and insect repellents can be effective at reducing bites and, therefore, may reduce the risk of getting some diseases, such as Lyme disease and certain forms of encephalitis.
		Insect repellent products containing botanical (plant-based) oils, such as oil of geranium, cedar, lemongrass, soy or citronella, are also available.
		If you suspect that you or a child is reacting to a repellent, wash the skin that has been in contact with the repellent, remove any treated clothing, and call your doctor or local poison control center.
	www.health.state.ny.us /nysdoh/westnile/education/2737.htm (1870 words)

	DEET Insect Repellents
		Insect repellents containing DEET have been used for more than 40 years by millions of people worldwide to repel mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, biting flies and chiggers.
		Insect repellents can reduce the risk of mosquito and tick bites, but products containing DEET must be used properly.
		The use of an insect repellent is not the only way to reduce the risk of bites from mosquitoes, ticks and other biting insects that may transmit disease.
	www.idph.state.il.us /envhealth/deetfacts.htm (2063 words)

	Insect Repellent Products ENT/rsc-5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		DEET repels a greater variety of insects than ethyl hexandiol, and DEET is generally recognized as the most effective active ingredient in repellents.
		Repellents may interfere with the insect's ability to detect attractant chemicals that animals produce or they may prevent biting insects from landing.
		If you're using a new repellent, you may want to apply it first to a small area on their arm to make sure they're not allergic to it (from a skin sensitivity perspective).
	www.ces.ncsu.edu /depts/ent/notes/Urban/repel.htm (1299 words)

	Neuroscience for Kids - Bees and Insect Repellents
		These insects can attack with a ferocious punch and they have been blamed for the deaths of several people, dogs, cats and horses.
		Because horses are attacked by killer bees frequently, many horse lovers and veterinarians believe that insect repellents applied to horses may attract killer bees.
		The researchers noticed that Repel X has the odor of "household cleaning agents." Although this odor is not related to the ability of the Repel X to ward off insects, it may be a smell that triggers a killer bee attack.
	faculty.washington.edu /chudler/bees.html (421 words)

	Insect Repellents
		Insect repellents are available in various forms and concentrations.
		If you suspect that you or your child are reacting to an insect repellent, discontinue use, wash treated skin, and then call your local poison control center if symptoms persist.
		It is recommended that personal insect repellents such as citronella and oil of lavender not be used on children under 2 years of age.
	ag.arizona.edu /pubs/insects/az1311 (1262 words)

	Insect Repellents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The most traditional and trusted method of insect repellent. The coils burn like incense to produce a light smoke which is highly repellent to mosquitoes and other flying insects. 10 x 8 hour coils per box. Use a mosquito coil holder for best results.
		The safe and practical way to provide light, warmth and insect protection (with the citronella candles). The lantern can be stood or hung and the glass chimney provides wind proofing and fire safety. For safe and compact carrying the glass chimney slides into the metal body of the lantern.
		Insect repellent citronella candles provide light and warmth as well as protection Made in a special stable high melting point wax they last around 9 hours and are especially suitable for use in our candle lanters.
	www.safariquip.co.uk /acatalog/SafariQuip_Insect_Repellent_27.html (398 words)

	CDC: West Nile Virus - Updated Insect Repellent
		Repellents are an important tool to assist people in protecting themselves from mosquito-borne diseases.
		EPA registration of repellent active ingredients indicates the materials have been reviewed and approved for efficacy and human safety when applied according to the instructions on the label.
		In two recent scientific publications,* when repellents containing oil of lemon eucalyptus were tested against mosquitoes found in the US they provided protection similar to repellents with low concentrations of DEET.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dvbid/westnile/RepellentUpdates.htm (756 words)

	Natural Insect Repellents
		For years insect repellents containing the active ingredient DEET were the only product available that actually worked well to keep mosquitoes, gnats and other pesky insects away.
		Although oil of citronella has been used as an insect repellent since the late 1940s, it was not widely available in commercial products such as sprays or lotions until fairly recently.
		Citronella candles are fairly effective at repelling mosquitoes without having to douse your entire body with insect repellent, but you need to surround your self with a large grouping of candles both on the ground and up high--so plan accordingly.
	www.marigoldlane.com /greenliving/insectrepellents.html (436 words)

	Insect Repellents
		Biting insects have antennae that detect lactic acid, carbon dioxide, and other volatile compounds that humans and animals give off in their breath and from their skin.
		Insect repellents are believed to work by blocking the stimulation of these receptors, preventing insects from homing in on their source.
		Insect repellent should be applied as a thin layer, covering all the exposed skin surface evenly.
	www.travmed.com /trip_prep/insect_repellents.htm (1446 words)

	Keep mosquitoes at bay - Men's Health - MSN Health & Fitness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Insect repellents are the best way to prevent mosquito-borne illnesses, including West Nile virus and encephalitis.
		Insect repellents are safe, but common sense still rules.
		A lighter repellent may be fine for the playground or a walk through the neighborhood.
	www.health.msn.com /menshealth/articlepage.aspx?cp-documentid=100108587 (790 words)

	Homeowner Information on Insect Repellents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Insect Repellent Use and Safety - Q and As from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC).
		This resource suggests ways of choosing insect repellents, safely applying the repellent, reading the label for pesticide safety information, and avoiding ticks and Lyme disease.
		Reregistration of the Insect Repellent DEET - DEET is an ingredient used in many insect repellents.
	entweb.clemson.edu /pesticid/saftyed/homedeet.htm (257 words)

	Insect Repeller: DEET, Cedar Oils, Sawyer Bug Repellents
		There are four types of insect repellents to use when protecting people from flying or biting insects such as mosquitoes, gnats, ticks, fleas, punkies, sand flies, no-see-ums, chiggers: 95% DEET,
		Controlled Release is the new technology in Insect Repellents which will change the way you use insect repellents.
		Insect Repellent Spray is a specially formulated, chemical-free cedar based insect repellent.
	www.pestproducts.com /insect_repellents.htm (454 words)

	Insect repellents
		Insect repellents containing DEET (N, N-diethyl-M-toluamide) are the most predominately used and most effective used today.
		DEET can be safely used to repel biting pests such as mosquitoes, flflies, fleas and ticks carrying lyme disease.
		DEET insect repellents should not be used on infants under the 2 years of age, pregnant women and children’s bedding or bedclothes.
	www.mnpoison.org /index.asp?pageID=115 (477 words)

	Home NoTox Natural Insect Repellents featuring catnip based Skeeter Free mosquito repellents for the prevention of ...
		we know insects and we understand how plants' natural anti-insect chemistry affects them. Our mission is to ride the cutting edge when it comes to developing effective natural insect repellents and making them available to the consumer at reasonable prices.
		This natural plant-oil based fly repellent spray is very effective at repelling all kinds of flies.
		The DVD breaks it down into categories of insects and then Dick tells you what products to use for each insect, and how to use them properly.
	www.insectrepel.com (504 words)

	Category:Insect repellents - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Insect repellents (or uncommonly insectifuges) repel insects but do not kill them.
		This category contains articles on insect repellents that are not insecticides, meaning that their main purpose/function is not to kill but to repel.
		Articles here may relate to chemical, physical or biological barriers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Insect_repellents (96 words)

	Shopping.com - Find, Compare, and Buy Anything in Seconds
		This portable, light weight biting insect repellent produces a scent that biting insects hate, but is pleasant to humans.
		Burt's Bees Herbal Insect Repellent is safe enough to apply with confidence to children and pets.
		Herbal Armor natural insect repellents are amazingly effective at repelling repulsive insects for long periods of time.
	www.shopping.com /xGS-Insect_Repellents (912 words)

	What's the Scoop on Insect Repellents - University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension in Lancaster County
		One way to reduce the likelihood of getting bitten is to use an insect repellent when spending time outdoors in mosquito-infested areas.
		Advantage to piperdine-based repellents is that they won’t dissolve plastics, such as sunglass lenses or auto paint.
		A patent application for the use of catnip compounds as insect repellents was submitted last year by the Iowa State University Research Foundation.
	lancaster.unl.edu /enviro/pest/Articles/InsectRepel.htm (1202 words)

	Stony Mountain Botanicals - Herbal Insect Repellents
		Creating your own mosquito repellents is a safe and effective alternative to commercial repellents.
		Witch hazel extract is non-drying and medicinally soothing to insect bites.
		If you find that you need to apply repellents several times throughout the day, and you are doing this everyday, I recommend that you make several different repellents and use them in alternation.
	www.wildroots.com /insect.htm (760 words)

	DEET Insect Repellent that really works! Buggspray
		It is the ONLY repellent that is EPA approved to claim: "Repels mosquitoes that may transmit West Nile Virus, Encephalitis, Malaria, or Dengue Fever".
		It uses a natural herbal repellent found to be as effective as DEET and works on a broad spectrum of blood feeding bugs.
		Personal insect repellents are designed to repel, rather than kill, mosquitoes, biting flies (gnats, deer flies, sand flies, stable flies, fl flies, yellow flies, horse flies), small flying insects, biting midges, chiggers, fleas, no-see-ums, and ticks.
	www.buggspray.com (1245 words)

	Lifesystems: Insect Repellents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		There are a number of tropical diseases that humans can contract from biting insects.
		It is important to guard against potentially dangerous insect borne disease by ensuring that you do not get bitten in the first place.
		Protect yourself during the day and in the evening with an insect repellent that has been scientifically proven to be effective.
	www.lifesystems.co.uk /products/insect_repellents/index.shtml (75 words)

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