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Topic: Insertion gain

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	Gain - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		In electronics, gain is usually taken as the mean ratio of the signal output of a system to the signal input of the system.
		A gain of five would imply that either the voltage or power is increased by a factor of five.
		A gain of factor 1 or (equivalent to 0 dB) where both input and output are at the same voltage level is also known as unity gain.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Gain (323 words)

	Tektronix MBD: Applications > NTSC Video Meas: Intermediate NTSC Video Testing
		Insertion gain errors are usually expressed as a percent variation from the nominal value.
		Insertion gain testing is done by applying either a SMPTE color bars signal or a full-field, 75% color bars test signal having a 100% white reference level.
		Insertion gain error, if any, is determined by noting the position of the white bar and subtracting 100%.
	www.tek.com /Measurement/App_Notes/NTSC_Video_Msmt/videotesting.html (1761 words)

	Tektronix MBD: Applications > Component Puzzle: Amplitude Measurements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Insertion gain refers to the overall amplitude of a television signal and is measured as the peak-to-peak voltage of the video waveform (usually including sync on luminance signals).
		You may have access to only one control for adjusting insertion gain, or you may be able to separately adjust the sync and active video levels -- changing the range from blanking to peak white with one control and from blanking to sync tip with another.
		Whereas insertion gain refers to the overall level of all three channels in a component signal, gain balance refers to the matching of levels between channels.
	www.tek.com /Measurement/App_Notes/Component_Puzzle/amplitude.html (2200 words)

	Functional Gain and Insertion Gain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Insertion gain is the difference between the sound pressure level in the earcanal under aided and unaided conditions.
		Yet many users of probe-tube systems find significant differences between functional gain and insertion gain when the two are measured with the same hearing aid on the same individual.
		Insertion gain is much faster to do, it measures many more frequencies, calibration is easy to control, accuracy is better, and the results can tell you more about what happens under normal conversational conditions.
	www.frye.com /library/application/larry14.html (551 words)

	elements of effective hearing-aid performance
		The 2-cc coupler frequency response that corresponds to flat insertion gain of a hearing aid in an average ear has been measured and plotted by Killion and Revit (1993). A family of these "CORFIG" curves (Coupler Response for Flat Insertion Gain) is shown in Fig.
		Hearing aids with flat insertion gain and low distortion at all useful levels could be described as "high fidelity" for normal listeners.
		An effective hearing aid should compensate for the perceptive distortions of the patient; it should provide a neutral base (flat insertion gain and low distortion) that doesn't bias the compensation processing; and it should be fitted to the hearing characteristics of the individual patient. Fulfilling two out of three of these requirements is not enough.
	www.audiologyonline.com /articles/pf_article_detail.asp?article_id=565 (1247 words)

	TRAYNOR: Prescriptive Procedures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The functional gain of a hearing aid at a given frequency, expressed in dB, is the difference between the aided and unaided sound-field thresholds at that frequency (38).
		The insertion gain of a hearing aid at a given frequency, also expressed in dB, is the difference between the aided and unaided eardrum SPL at that frequency.
		Both functional gain and insertion gain are real-ear measurements that require the user to be present and wearing the hearing aid.
	www.vard.org /mono/ear/traynor.htm (6220 words)

	video test
		Insertion gain is a measure of the ability to preserve signal amplitudes through a device under test.
		Errors in insertion gain are visible in the video picture as areas which are too dark or too light.
		The 3-level chrominance portion is used to detect chrominance-to-luminance intermodulation, chrominance nonlinear gain distortion, and chrominance nonlinear phase distortion.
	aelinik.free.fr /networking1.htm (3863 words)

	Glossary of hearing terms
		REIR is the amount of gain delivered to a patient wearing a hearing aid that they did not have before the hearing aid fitting.
		Real-Ear Insertion Gain (REIG) The difference in decibels, as a function of frequency, between the Real-Ear Aided Gain (REAG) and the Real-Ear Unaided Gain (REUG), taken with the same measurement point and the same sound field conditions.
		Real Ear Unaided Gain (REUG) The difference in decibels, as a function of frequency, between the sound pressure level (SPL) at a specified measurement point in the ear canal and the sound pressure level at the field reference point, for a specified sound field, with the ear canal unoccluded (unblocked).
	www.siemens-hearing.com /hearing_aids/hearing_info/glossary.aspx (4122 words)

	Krohn-Hite Model 3900 Programmable Filter 1Hz to 99kHz
		The Krohn-Hite Model 3900 programmable, dual channel Elliptical filter/voltage gain amplifier is one of a family of new programmable filters from Krohn-Hite.
		The 3900 is also a programmable voltage gain amplifier for applications that require a low noise amplifier.
		Pre-Filter Gain: 0dB, 10dB, 20dB, 30dB, 40dB ±0.2dB.
	www.krohn-hite.com /htm/filters/mod3900.htm (747 words)

	Channel Vision Glossary of Terms: Page 4
		For match CATV components, power gain is readily determined as insertion power gain.
		The gain of any amplifier is a function of the input signal level, and will always decrease at some point where the input level is sufficiently high.
		The capacity of an amplifier is sometimes expressed as the level where the gain of the amplifier is decreased or compressed by a certain amount.
	www.smarthomeusa.com /Common/channelvision/gloss4.htm (663 words)

	Insertion Gain Measurements (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Differences between insertion gain measurements and coupler measurements were investigated using two different hearing aids, to assess the accuracy of hearing aid fitting methods which involve the use of real-ear-to-coupler differences (RECDs).
		They were allocated alternatively to 80 new adult hearing aid users, and insertion gain measurement was carried out with the allocated aid on all subjects, and with both hearing aids on 36 subjects.
		Comparison of the coupler measurements and the insertion gain measurements suggests that the differences in insertion gain produced by different hearing aids cannot be predicted accurately from the differences in coupler gain measurements produced by the same aids.
	www.rmpd.org.uk /abstracts/audiology/insertion_gain_measurements.htm (223 words)

	Abstracts of Jerry L. Punch, Ph.D.
		Target gain values derived from a given prescriptive formula provide an indication of the functional or insertion gain desired of a hearing instrument for an individual listener.
		Selection of an appropriate hearing instrument from manufacturers' specifications typically requires that these targeted frequency-gain characteristics be transformed from desired functional or insertion gain to equivalent 2 cc coupler gain values.
		The extent to which individual ear canal acoustics, degree of audiometric loss and specific prescriptive rule determine the target coupler gain is illustrated by data collected using five adult subjects and three simulated audiometric configurations.
	www.msu.edu /~jpunch/abst_target_gain_rules.html (190 words)

	Association of Medical Professional with Hearing Losses (AMPHL)
		The reduced high-frequency gain relative to prescriptive targets is understandable, because this prevented feedback from occurring at use gain, and also it is unlikely that speech audibility could be achieved without discomfort for frequencies above 1500 Hz.
		Two potentiometers were adjusted to fine-tune the BTE receiver's frequency response and output to match the hearing-aid-only insertion response of the Extend-EarTM to that of the Viennatone for 65 dB SPL composite noise (Fig.
		After final adjustments were made to provide a close match to real-ear insertion response (REIR) and RESR measures made with the patient's personal hearing aid, he was instructed to wear the Extend-EarTM device for classroom and leisure use for a period of 1 week.
	www.amphl.org /articles/fabry1993.html (2161 words)

	eMedicine - Hearing Aids : Article by Walter J Smoski, PhD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The REAR is the gain in decibels relative to the stimulus level presented to the patient.
		The real-ear insertion gain (REIG) is the difference between the REAR and the REUR and is used to verify that the predetermined target insertion gain has been achieved.
		In addition to the gain, similar adjustments are made to the total output of the aid to ensure that the aid does not exceed the patient's loudness discomfort levels.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/topic478.htm (4913 words)

	SPACE.com -- Odyssey Orbit Insertion: Minute-by-Minute
		Mars Orbit insertion is the point in the mission when the Odyssey spacecraft arrives just short of Mars, fires an onboard rocket to slow its speed relative to the planet, and is captured into a long looping orbit.
		10:18 Telecommunications channels are switched from the spacecraft's high-gain antenna to the medium gain antenna for transmission of a carrier signal to the Earth, and to the low-gain antenna for receipt of commands from the Earth.
		The low gain antenna is less powerful, but its can receive and send signals from more angles than the medium-gain antenna.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/missions/insertion_moments.html (2290 words)

	Islamabad RCHIPAK Widex, Senso Diva, Senso and Conductive Hearing Losses,SensoGram ,Widex Pakistan Rehabiliation Centre ...
		The minimum acceptable gain value is the minimum gain required for normal speech for a band.
		The bars indicating the measured available gain values for the individual bands are shown as soon as you have made a feedback test.
		This test mode sets Senso in a special mode according to the fitting (it follows the Insertion Gain vs. Input characteristics), but the noise detection circuit and the statistically based regulation are de-activated.
	www.rchipak.com /Senso_Vita/SensoVita.html (3730 words)

	hearingcenteronline - the hearing dictionary online
		Primarily a measurement of the hearing aid's response, and used as a reference for insertion gain calculations.
		REIR is the amount of gain delivered to a patient wearing a hearing aid that they did not have before the hearing and fitting.
		real-ear gain - the additional sound pressure reaching the eardrum when a hearing aid is used - compared to the sound pressure reaching the eardrum without a hearing aid.
	www.hearingcenteronline.com /diction_pqr.shtml (1086 words)

	First Experience with Novel Microsource X-Ray Tube (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		This is the ratio of the intensity from an X-ray source delivered into a defined small area (comparable to the size of a specimen crystal) at the focus of the mirror when it is in position, to the intensity when the collimating mirror is removed.
		Theoretical calculations indicate an insertion gain of 250-3000 from use of optimum ellipsoidal mirrors [2].
		The gain presently achieved is only about 50, such that improvements in both the profile accuracy and the surface smoothness of mirrors can be expected soon to enable higher flux by a factor of 5-30.
	www.ccp4.ac.uk /newsletters/newsletter35/first_exp.html (1222 words)

	The Tip of the Probe, Part I: Adjusting the Probe Tube Insertion Depth
		In Figure 4, three repeated insertion-gain tests for the same hearing aid (a K-AMP ITE) were done the "old way" (ink-mark in the same position for the unaided and aided tests) and three were done the "new way" (ink-mark advanced before inserting the earpiece).
		In each graph, the thick, gray curve is the insertion gain as measured with the probe tube right at the eardrum; the thick, gray curve, thus, is taken to represent the "true" insertion gain.
		For the measurements done the "new way", only one of the samples shows relatively minor variations from the true insertion gain.
	www.frye.com /library/application/larry16.html (1126 words)

	Definition: insertion gain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		insertion gain: The gain resulting from the insertion of a device in a transmission line, expressed as the ratio of the signal power delivered to that part of the line following the device to the signal power delivered to that same part before insertion.
		(188) Note 1: If the resulting number is less than unity, an "insertion loss" is indicated.
		Note 2: Insertion gain is usually expressed in dB.
	www.its.bldrdoc.gov /fs-1037/dir-019/_2745.htm (84 words)

	Cassini-Huygens Orbit Insertion Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		During this period, the spacecraft is performing no activities that are not necessary for a successful orbit insertion.
		About two hours before Saturn Orbit Insertion, Cassini will stop broadcasting detailed engineering telemetry to Earth, because she is about to rotate so that her main antenna will protect her during her passage through the rings.
		Unfortunately, because of the critical importance of the Orbit Insertion Burn maneuver, Cassini will be unable to use her cameras to photograph Saturn from this vantage point.
	www.planetary.org /saturn/cassini_soi-timeline.html (1429 words)

	ADVANCE for Audiologists \| Editorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		When instrument gain is considered, softer earmolds may be advantageous because they can fit more snugly, provide a more secure fit, and prevent the sound leakage that can cause feedback.
		As a general rule, larger vents mean less low-frequency gain, so the amount of venting can help modify the response of the amplified signal.
		An exception to this rule is in the case of an unhealthy ear canal.
	audiology.advanceweb.com /common/Editorial/Editorial.aspx?CC=10104 (1557 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		] The loss in load power due to the insertion of a component or device at some point in a transmission system; generally expressed as the ratio in decibels of the power received at the load before insertion of the apparatus, to the power received at the load after insertion.
		] Portion of a radar system that automatically adjusts the gain of an amplifier for each pulse to obtain a substantially constant output-pulse peak amplitude with different input-pulse peak amplitudes; the circuit is fast enough to act during the time a pulse is passing through the amplifier.
		] Companding in which the effective gain variations are made in response to instantaneous values of the signal wave.
	www.accessscience.com /Dictionary/I/I12/DictI12.html (1688 words)

	Targert 2cc Prescription Software Update
		By comparing the tables for insertion gain and coupler gain for each method, it is possible to extract the correction figures ("CORFIG" values) that are used by each to convert insertion-gain targets to 2cc-coupler prescriptions for the average ear.
		Although it might be reasonable to expect that all of the methods would use the same average-ear conversion factors, this is not the case.
		2] The precise effects of venting on real-ear insertion gain are quite complex, and the available data did not sufficiently address the complexities involved.
	www.europa.com /~fryeweb/library/application/larry15.html (563 words)

	ESA Portal - Venus Orbit Insertion timeline
		VOI is a series of telecommands, engine burns and manoeuvres designed to slow the spacecraft from a velocity of 29 000 kilometres per hour relative to Venus to an entry velocity some 15 percent slower, allowing it to be captured into orbit around the planet.
		Only the low gain antenna (S-band) can carry a feeble signal to Earth to tell about the spacecraft velocity.
		During orbit insertion, the spacecraft will be 125 000 000 kilometres from Earth and the round-trip signal time will be 13 minutes and 32 seconds.
	www.esa.int /esaCP/SEMMM0NFGLE_index_0.html (302 words)

	Abstracts of Jerry L. Punch, Ph.D.
		Three hearing aid selection procedures were compared to determine if any one was superior in producing prescribed real-ear insertion gain.
		For each of three subject groups, 12 in-the-ear style hearing aids with Class D circuitry and similar dispenser controls were ordered from one of three manufacturers.
		Following electroacoustic adjustments aimed at approximating a commonly used target insertion gain formula, results revealed no significant differences among any of the three selection procedures with respect to obtaining acceptable insertion gain values.
	www.msu.edu /~jpunch/abst_target_matched.html (100 words)

	AUD 7321 Study Guide
		Explain why gain curves obtained with 2 cc coupler cannot be used as direct estimates of the gain the patient will realize with that hearing aid.
		Discuss how 2 cc specs can be translated to real ear gain and why you would want to do that.
		Explain how one could compare insertion gain to 2 cc coupler gain for a given individual and hearing aid.
	www.utdallas.edu /~thib/theories/studyguide.htm (861 words)

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