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Topic: Instability

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	Instability - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Instability in systems is generally characterized by some of the outputs or internal states growing without bounds.
		Fluid instabilities occur in liquids, gases and plasmas, and are often characterised by the shape that form; they are studied in fluid dynamics and magnetohydrodynamics.
		Lower hybrid (drift) instability (in the Critical ionization velocity mechanism)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Instability (267 words)

	Rayleigh-Taylor instability - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Rayleigh-Taylor instability, or RT instability, or, less commonly, the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability, occurs any time a dense, heavy fluid is being accelerated by light fluid.
		Note that the RT instability is not to be confused with the Rayleigh instability of a liquid jet.
		This latter instability, sometime called the hosepipe (or firehose) instability, occurs due to surface tension, which acts to break a cylindrical jet into a stream of droplets having the same volume but higher surface area.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rayleigh-Taylor_instability (297 words)

	NWS Norman, Oklahoma - Weather Glossary for Storm Spotters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Instability - The tendency for air parcels to accelerate when they are displaced from their original position; especially, the tendency to accelerate upward after being lifted.
		Instability is a prerequisite for severe weather - the greater the instability, the greater the potential for severe thunderstorms.
		A steep lapse rate implies a rapid decrease in temperature with height (a sign of instability) and a steepening lapse rate implies that destabilization is occurring.
	www.srh.noaa.gov /oun/severewx/glossary3.php (4037 words)

	eMedicine - Posterior Glenohumeral Instability : Article by Robert J Nowinski, DO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The primary indication for surgery for posterior glenohumeral instability is recurrent symptomatic shoulder subluxation or dislocation that is recalcitrant to conservative measures.
		The instability, however, is usually not eliminated, but the functional disability during athletics is improved, allowing the patient to participate in his or her sport without problems.
		The instability, however, is usually not eliminated, but the functional disability during athletics is improved, allowing the patient to participate in his or her sport without problems (Hurley, 1992).
	www.emedicine.com /orthoped/topic546.htm (9174 words)

	Shoulder Instability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		They include a desire of the patient to avoid recurrent problems with instability, (including the necessity of reporting to the emergency room on a frequent basis to have the shoulder reduced), problems with recurrent pain, or an inability to perform certain activities because of a fear of further shoulder instability.
		In patients whose instability is primarily anterior, the shoulder is approached from the front and those whose primary component of instability is posterior, the shoulder is approached from the back.
		While anterior instability is by far the most common type of problem, posterior and multidirectional instabilities of the glenohumeral joint are also important causes of shoulder disability.
	www.lipscombclinic.com /sports/Articles/Anatomy/ShoulderInstability/shoulder1.htm (2761 words)

	Chronic instability of the shoulder
		Their significance in the production of chronic instability is difficult to assess, since the movement of the humeral head forward of the glenoid rim during repeated episodes of instability must progressively change and aggravate the lesional pattern.
		On the one hand, there is instability with laxity brought on by trauma and made progressively worse by recurrent episodes of instability, and instability with laxity resulting secondarily from gradual stretching of the capsule (overuse); on the other hand, there is instability in the context of congenital excessive laxity.
		Instability may take the form of recurrent dislocation (in which case, reduction may be performed by the patient himself or herself, or may require the assistance of a third party).
	www.maitrise-orthop.com /corpusmaitri/orthopaedic/88_gagey/gageyus.shtml (4743 words)

	Barotropic instability
		Barotropic instability of an azimuthal jet in a rotating annulus was studied experimentally by Solomon et al.
		Kuo (1978) performed a barotropic instability calculation for a cosine jet and observed that it is most unstable to barotropic perturbations (which have no vertical variation).
		When the slope of the streamline is counter to the mean flow gradient, the instability extracts energy from the mean flow.
	www-fpc.stanford.edu /research/insb1/node7.html (472 words)

	Medcyclopaedia - Instability
		Instability of the distal radioulnar joint may be very difficult to detect by routine radiography, as slight variations in wrist position alter the relationship of the radius and ulna.
		Carpal instability may be lateral (which usually occurs between the scaphoid and the lunate bones); medial (which occurs between the triquetrum and the lunate or between the triquetrum and the hamate bones); or proximal (which occurs when the abnormal carpal alignment results from an injury of the radius or from massive radiocarpal disruption).
		Although congenital instability may occur, the leading cause of subluxations and dislocations of the glenohumeral joint is direct or indirect trauma.
	www.medcyclopaedia.com /library/topics/volume_iii_1/i/INSTABILITY.aspx (648 words)

	Glenohumeral instability - Types of Glenohumeral Instability. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Glenohumeral instability is the inability to maintain the humeral head centered in the glenoid fossa.
		Instability may arise from a traumatic episode in which an injury occurs to the bone, rotator cuff, labrum, capsule, and/or a combination of ligaments.
		Bilateral instability was noted in 50% of patients with a positive family history compared with 26% of patients with negative family history, which suggested the possibility of a genetic predisposition.
	www.orthop.washington.edu /uw/tabID__3376/ItemID__238/mid__10313/PageID__505/Articles/Default.aspx (948 words)

	[No title]
		This problem of Rayleigh-Benard instability is a problem of convection inside a fluid.
		Rolls of Rayleigh-Benard instability are caused by this mechanism.
		But manifestations of Rayleigh-Benard instability are not always visible to our eyes that's why we have not a lot of pictures of it.
	wuche.wustl.edu /~suresh/ChE515/benard-instability.htm (556 words)

	Dynamic Instability
		Technically "instability" is probably not the best description of this, since once you reach the attitude in the water that is dictated by your weight/buoyancy distribution you should be fairly stable.
		Dynamic instability refers to the condition where a change in position/attitude is "exaggerated".
		And finally it means using the minimum sized BC wing for your configuration so that the gas in the wing has the least amount of distance to travel.
	www.baue.org /faq/dynamic_instability.html (747 words)

	Glenohumeral Instability - DynoMed.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Glenohumeral instability refers to a condition in which the humeral head in the shoulder repeatedly slips out of the joint, or seems to nearly slip out.
		In glenohumeral instability, patients are unable to keep the humeral head centered in the glenoid socket.
		Your doctor will classify the instability as either acute or chronic, depending on the symptoms and how long you’ve had them. Instability is classified as chronic if it lasts for more than a few days.
	www.dynomed.com /encyclopedia/encyclopedia/shoulder/Glenohumeral_Instability.html (350 words)

	Philippines - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Independence for the Philippines was finally granted on July 4, 1946, even after Japan invaded and occupied the islands during World War II, causing some to call for a delay in the granting of independence, which call was nonetheless discounted by a majority of American and Filipino politicians alike.
		The current presidency of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo has been marred by political instability and allegations of election rigging and corruption.
		The government of the Philippines is organized as a presidential-unitary republic, where the President functions as head of state, the head of government, and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Philippines (4566 words)

	Fluid Instability (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This instability is characterized by waves that appear between two superimposed fluids of differing densities and velocities.
		A familiar example are the ripples that form when wind flows over a pool of water.The first example demonstrates the Kelvin instability wherein two stably stratified fluids are flowing from left to right with the uppermost low density fluid travelling 3.5 times faster than the lower heavy fluid.
		Another example of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability are waves that grow on jets of high or low density fluid, such as the hot bouyant jet of gas shown in the second example.
	www.itsc.com /movfi.htm (415 words)

	Shoulder Instability: When Your Shoulder 'Goes Out' -- familydoctor.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		"Shoulder instability" is what doctors say you have when your shoulder goes a little out of place or feels like it might.
		"Instability" means that the shoulder bones aren't stable--they aren't held together as tight as they should be.
		The signs of dislocation and instability might seem the same to you--weakness and pain.
	familydoctor.org /390.xml (462 words)

	Shoulder Instability
		Shoulder instability is a condition in which the upper-end of the humerus (the upper arm bone) slides partially or completely out of the shoulder socket.
		Instability occurs when the head slips outside its normal position.
		Shoulder instability often results from an initial acute injury producing a dislocation that, even with healing, leads to stretching of the shoulder capsule and ligaments.
	healthlibrary.epnet.com /GetContent.aspx?token=af362d97-4f80-4453-a175-02cc6220a387&chunkiid=22492 (778 words)

	NEJM -- Tumor Microsatellite-Instability Status as a Predictor of Benefit from Fluorouracil-Based Adjuvant Chemotherapy ...
		Low level microsatellite instability may be associated with reduced cancer specific survival in sporadic stage C colorectal carcinoma.
		BRAF mutation is associated with DNA methylation in serrated polyps and cancers of the colorectum.
		Prognostic significance of microsatellite instability determined by immunohistochemical staining of MSH2 and MLH1 in sporadic T3N0M0 colon cancer.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/abstract/349/3/247 (1587 words)

	Genetic Instability and the Mutator Phenotype : Studies in Ulcerative Colitis -- Loeb and Loeb 154 (6): 1621 -- ...
		instability is a manifestation of mutagenic mechanism(s) that
		Is the presence of chromosomal instability in nondysplastic
		The identification of genetic instability as a primary characteristic of
	ajp.amjpathol.org /cgi/content/full/154/6/1621 (3737 words)

	Orthopaedic - Carpal instability
		Proximal carpal row motion is the consequence of movements of the distal carpal row and forearm bones.
		Cooney, W.P., Dobyns, J.H., and Linscheid, R.L. Arthroscopy of the wrist: anatomy and classification of carpal instability.
		Traumatic instability of the wrist: diagnosis, classification and pathomechanics.
	www.maitrise-orthop.com /corpusmaitri/orthopaedic/mo73_saffar/index.shtml (4387 words)

	Etiology and modification of gait instability in older adults: a randomized controlled trial of exercise -- Hausdorff ...
		Increased gait instability is common in older adults, even in the absence of overt disease.
		The baseline univariate predictors of gait instability are shown in Table 2.
		In this 75-yr-old woman with relatively large gait instability at baseline, stride time variability (coefficient of variation) decreased by ~50%, from 7.6 to 4.0%, and the other gait instability measures also improved (see text) as knee extension strength improved by 42% after the intervention.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/90/6/2117 (8628 words)

	Variable Levels of Chromosomal Instability and Mitotic Spindle Checkpoint Defects in Breast Cancer -- Yoon et al. 161 ...
		spindle checkpoint as a cause of this chromosomal instability,
		instability in these cells is unrelated to the presence or absence
		Duesberg P, Rausch C, Rasnick D, Hehlmann R: Genetic instability of cancer cells is proportional to their degree of aneuploidy.
	ajp.amjpathol.org /cgi/content/full/161/2/391 (3861 words)

	Shoulder1.com - Instability
		This is known as instability, which can lead to greater and more painful shoulder conditions, especially dislocation and subluxation.
		An orthopedic surgeon has a number of procedures at his or her disposal to remedy chronic instability.
		The procedure may be performed in an open or arthroscopic fashion.
	www.shoulder1.com /care/condition20.cfm/10 (400 words)

	Xunzi (Hsün Tzu) [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		As the name implies, it was a period of disunity, when several different states were warring with each other to determine who would gain control of all of China and found a new dynasty.
		The central question for most philosophers of the time was how to respond to this time of instability and achieve a greater measure of order and safety.
		For the Confucian philosophers, the answer was found in a revival of the ways of the past, and for Xunzi in particular, the most important aspect of that was the ritual system.
	www.iep.utm.edu /x/xunzi.htm (5952 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Business \| Africa's war on terror targets poverty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Even before the 11 September attacks there was a recognition that poverty in one part of the globe creates scope for regional conflict and international crime.
		Large numbers of refugees place a burden on neighbouring countries; Tanzania, for instance, has taken in 1.5 million refugees in the last decade.
		Regional instability also cripples efforts to control the spread of HIV.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/business/2797405.stm (877 words)

	Instability
		The same instability men will carry out in their friendships; they meet a person one day, and are as friendly as possible with him; they meet him the next day, he does not know what he has done to offend them, but they turn their head another way.
		My brother, I would be far from dealing in a censorious manner with thee, for I am inclined to think that thine instability is a little owing to some latent insanity.
		Do not, I beseech thee, suffer this instability to continue, lest thou shouldst become like the chaff which the wind driveth away—of no account to the world at all.
	www.spurgeon.org /sermons/0158.htm (4861 words)

	Shoulder instability - dislocation, subluxation
		Shoulder instability can be classified into two different types, dislocations and subluxations.
		front - anterior and back - posterior) - this is called "multidirectional instability".
		You should contact your physician for further information, diagnosis, testing, or advice on how to use the information/products listed in this site.
	www.jointhealing.com /pages/shoulder/shoulder_instability.html (192 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Q&A: What are the Ivory Coast accords?
		This has already hurt the whole region as poor countries lose valuable remittance earnings.
		Most French-speaking West African countries share the same currency, the CFA franc, and instability in Ivory Coast has hit investment and confidence across the region.
		France is the former colonial power and has had a military base in Abidjan since the 1960s.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/2308849.stm (792 words)

	Aaron (WebBible Encyclopedia) - ChristianAnswers.Net
		He was assisted by Aaron and Hur, his sister's husband, who held up his wearied hands till,Joshua and the chosen warriors of Israel gained the victory (17:8-13).
		While Moses remained on the mountain with God, Aaron returned to the people; and yielded (through fear, or ignorance, or instability of character), to their demands.
		He made a golden calf and set it up as an object of worship (Ex.
	www.christiananswers.net /dictionary/aaron.html (873 words)

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