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	Object (computer science) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		That is, as far as the program is concerned the object must be free of internal references, because otherwise it is no longer a primitive.
		In Object-Oriented Programming (OOP), an instance of a program (i.e.
		A real-world example of an object would be "my dog", which is an instance of a type (a class) called "dog", which is a subclass of a class "animal".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Instance_(programming) (883 words)

	Glossary of Terms
		Instance variables and methods can be added, deleted, or changed, but as long as the services provided by the object remain the same, code that uses the object can continue to use it without being rewritten.
		Instance and class variables and methods have class scope; they can be used outside the class and its subclasses only by prefixing them with an instance of the class or (for class variables and methods) with the class name.
		A Java(TM) programming language keyword used in method declarations that specify which exceptions are not handled within the method but rather passed to the next higher level of the program.
	java.sun.com /docs/books/tutorial/information/glossary.html (5559 words)

	Programmer's Corner - Object Oriented Programming (OOP) Tutorial - Part V - Instance vs Class
		Yes instance, what it means and the what difference between instance and class is. I referred to creating objects of a class up until now and that is what instance means.
		Well instance members are based on that current object and class members don't rely on anything and usually take in parameters for the necessary data.
		Instance methods are based on the object so they differ depending on the object where there is only one class method so the value wouldn't change unless there are parameters.
	programmers-corner.com /viewTutorial.php/55 (1297 words)

	Object-Oriented Programming in Java (Java in a Nutshell)
		Java uses object-oriented programming concepts that are familiar to C++ programmers and even borrows C++ syntax in a number of places, but the similarities between Java and C++ are not nearly as strong as those between Java and C. Don't let your experience with C++ lull you into a false familiarity with Java.
		Instance fields are associated with instances of the class, rather than with the class itself.
		To use an instance method from outside the class in which it is defined, we must prepend a reference to the instance that is to be operated on.
	alex.mackow.free.fr /books/javaenterprise/jnut/ch03_01.htm (2154 words)

	The Essence of OOP using Java, Instance Initializers
		Unlike other programming languages, it is not possible to write a Java program in which the variables are accidentally initialized with the garbage left over in memory from the programs that previously ran in the computer.
		The code in an instance initializer block is executed after the constructor for the superclass is executed, and before the constructor for the class to which the initializer belongs is executed.
		Two separate instances (objects) of the class named B are created, showing not only the order in which the instance initializers and the constructors are executed, but also showing that the static initializers are executed one time only when the classes are first loaded.
	www.developer.com /java/other/print.php/3065621 (4989 words)

	Lisp programming language Article, Lispprogramminglanguage Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		However, Lisp had its downsides as well: programs generate alarge amount of intermediate output, which take up memory and have to be garbage collected.
		The language is amongst the oldest programming languages still in use as of the time of writing in 2003.
		For instance, if a quoted form is used in the bodyof a function, and is changed as a side-effect, that function's behavior may differ on subsequent iterations.
	www.anoca.org /list/common/lisp_programming_language.html (2963 words)

	Seminar -- Perl Programming II
		I presume you already know what a class is, how an instance differs, about class methods and instance methods as well as static data and instance data, and the notions of inheritance and polymorphism.
		The additional constructs needed for OO programming are surprisingly small in perl, yet they do a lot.
		Instance methods are normal subroutines that expect the first argument to be an instance (i.e.
	www.uic.edu /depts/accctest/seminars/perlII/classes.html (554 words)

	instance - a Whatis.com definition - see also: instantiation, instantiate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In programming, instantiation is the creation of a real instance or particular realization of an abstraction or template such as a class of objects or a computer process.
		To instantiate is to create such an instance by, for example, defining one particular variation of object within a class, giving it a name, and locating it in some physical place.
		2) In the object-oriented programming language, Java, the object that you instantiate from a class is, confusingly enough, called a class instead of an object.
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,,sid9_gci212355,00.html (211 words)

	Chapter 3-- Object-Oriented Programming and Java
		Using object-oriented programming, your overall program is made up of lots of different self-contained components (objects), each of which has a specific role in the program and all of which can talk to each other in predefined ways.
		Instance variables may be set when an object is created and stay constant throughout the life of the object, or they may be able to change at will as the program runs.
		Instance methods (which are so common they're usually just called methods) apply and operate on an instance of a class; class methods apply and operate on the class itself.
	www.ssuet.edu.pk /taimoor/books/1-57521-157-2/ch3.htm (6656 words)

	Programming Bits: C# Data Types LG #85
		In my previous article, I introduced the C# programming language and explained how it works in the context of the Mono environment, an open-source implementation of Microsoft's.NET framework.
		This is why many modern programming languages (such as Java, Python, Scheme and Smalltalk, just to name a few) also incorporate garbage collection as part of their runtime environment.
		is used here to obtain a reference to the instance being created and has to be used explicitly in order to avoid the ambiguity generated when a parameter name clashes with the an instance variable name.
	www.linuxgazette.com /issue85/ortiz.html (1338 words)

	Visual Programming Challenge
		The objective of the Visual Programming Challenge (VPC) is to focus the various visual programming approaches, both research and commercial, on a specific problem as a means of providing a comparative analysis.
		For instance, programming a robotic vehicle is similar to what might be required to program a robotic vacuum cleaner.
		A common theme in visual programming research is that visual, and indeed other forms of human-computer communication, influence language design and indirectly determine "who is able to program what".
	cslu.cse.ogi.edu /nsf/isgw97/reports/ambler.html (976 words)

	CS124: Java, Section 4.1
		In the older styles of programming, a programmer who is faced with some problem must identify a computing task that needs to be performed in order to solve the problem.
		Instance variables are created and destroyed during the run of a program as the objects to which they belong are created and destroyed.
		The "instance variables" and "instance methods" of a class, considered as an object, are just the static members of the class.
	math.hws.edu /eck/cs124/javanotes2_fall1998/c4/s1.html (2000 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		When given the freedom to structure program layout as you wish, you tend to group parts of the code differently than as dictated by the language or compiler.
		Instances of these classes might, for example, be created through static functions in the abstract base class.
		The entity instances may be ordered hierarchically in that more-primitive or lower-level entities may be a part of a higher-level entity.
	www.ddj.com /ftp/1997/1997.06/literate.asc (2211 words)

	Instance Variables Specialization in Object-Oriented Programming - Castagna (ResearchIndex)
		Abstract: One of the most bothering restrictions of statically typed objectoriented languages is that the type of mutable instance variables, cannot be specialized in a subclass.
		This restriction is in practice so vexing that some commercial object-oriented languages have preferred to give up static type safety rather than to adopt it.
		In this paper we propose the first general and uniform technique to overcome this problem, showing how it is possible to have in a programming language both instance...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /castagna96instance.html (437 words)

	Metaclass Programming in Python, Part 2: -- Understanding the Arcana of Inheritance and Instance Creation --
		An instance is a Python object that was "manufactured" by a class; the class acts as a sort of template for the instance.
		What we often call an instance object--or perhaps a "simple instance"-is "final" in the sense it cannot act as a template for other objects (but it might still be a -factory or a delegate, which serve overlapping purposes).
		The trick to finding an attribute that isn't attached to an instance is to look for it in the class of the instance, then after that in all the superclasses.
	gnosis.cx /publish/programming/metaclass_2.html (1830 words)

	Computer Programming [encyclopedia] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Programs can be built into the hardware itself, or they may exist independently in a form known as software.
		Compiled programs written in languages such as FORTRAN and C or C++ aren't directly executable by a computer; they are translated into lower-level machine language by compilers and then are executed directly by the hardware.
		Object-oriented programming is a method of implementation in which programs are organized as cooperative collections of objects, each of which represents an instance of some class, and whose classes are all members of a hierarchy of classes united via inheritance relationship.
	kosmoi.com /programming (624 words)

	Information Catalog Manager Programming Guide and Reference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		If the instance has one or more associated Comments instances, then all the Comments instances and all such relationships are deleted when the object instance itself is deleted.
		If the instance is a Comments instance in an Attachment relationship, then all such relationships are deleted when the Comments object instance itself is deleted.
		If the instance is contained by another object, you can delete the instance without first deleting the relationship with the container object.
	www.seas.ucla.edu /db2/db2bi/db2bi37.htm (476 words)

	Object-based - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A somehow limited version of object-oriented programming where one or more of the following restrictions applies:
		Prototype-based systems (i.e., those based on "prototype" objects which are not instances of any class)
		This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Object-based_programming (133 words)

	Java Servlet Programming -- Chapter 3
		The separate instances are also a requirement for servlets that accept initialization parameters, as discussed later in this chapter.
		Example 3-2 demonstrates with a servlet that counts three things: the times it has been accessed, the number of instances created by the server (one per name), and the total times all of them have been accessed.
		Although it is standard to have one servlet instance per registered servlet name, it is possible for a servlet to elect instead to have a pool of instances created for each of its names, all sharing the duty of handling requests.
	www.oreilly.com /catalog/jservlet/chapter/ch03.html (5122 words)

	Network Programming in C# - Part 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		This is the second part of the series of articles about the network programming with C#.
		The value SoketShutdown.Receive means that the socket on the other end of the connection is notified that the current instance will not receive any more data and the value SoketShutdown.Both means that both the action are not possible.
		This method closes the current instance and releases all managed and un-managed resources allocated by the current instance.
	www.c-sharpcorner.com /Network/NetworkProgramPart2RVS.asp (764 words)

	Metaclass Programming in Python, Part 2: Understanding the Arcana of Inheritance and Instance Creation
		What we often call an instance object--or perhaps a "simple instance"--is "final" in the sense it cannot act as a template for other objects (but it might still be a -factory- or a -delegate-, which serve overlapping purposes).
		Some instance objects are themselves classes; and all classes are instances of a corresponding -metaclass-.
		Usually classes are instances of the built-in, standard metaclass 'type'; it is only when we specify metaclasses other than 'type' that we need to think about metaclass programming.
	www.phyast.pitt.edu /~micheles/python/meta2.html (2195 words)

	Singleton with Factory Method possible?
		If you want an instance of a factory class that is responsible for creating the instance of the Singleton, then just write a separate class for that.
		The Factory Method pattern, or "virtual constructor" as it's more commonly known in C++, is simply an interface for creating instances of derived classes without knowing the actual type of the derived class.
		The Singleton pattern is a class that guarantees that only one instance is ever instantiated and that instance is globally accessible.
	www.codecomments.com /message284101.html (891 words)

	Java Programming: Section 5.1
		As a program runs, many windows might be opened and closed, but all those windows can belong to the same class.
		It is important to remember that the class of an object determines the types of the instance variables; however, the actual data is contained inside the individual objects, not the class.
		Since the applet is an object, this subroutine is an instance method of the applet.
	math.hws.edu /javanotes/c5/s1.html (2755 words)

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