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Topic: Institute for Nuclear Studies

	Research Institutes: 50 years of scientific achievements
		Institutes -- the Enrico Fermi Institute and the
		The EFI and JFI, founded in 1945 as the Institute for Nuclear Studies and the Institute for the Study of Metals, respectively, are two of the oldest academic centers for interdisciplinary research in the world.
		In nuclear physics, it was at the Enrico Fermi Institute that Maria Goeppert Mayer developed the nuclear shell model, the work for which she won the Nobel Prize in 1963.
	chronicle.uchicago.edu /951012/research.shtml (1754 words)

	Nuclear Studies Institute :: College of Arts and Sciences
		Founded in 1995, the Institute is dedicated to educating the public about crucial aspects of nuclear history.
		As part of its mission, the Institute is participating in the Nuclear Education Project, which is a worldwide effort to improve access to teaching and learning materials regarding the history of the nuclear arms race, from the dropping of nuclear bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki to current efforts to curb the spread of nuclear weapons.
		We will be posting a variety of materials pertaining to the development and effects of nuclear weaponry, including information about the devastation wrought by past use of nuclear weapons.
	www.american.edu /nsi (175 words)

	Otwock: Department of Thermonuclear Research, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies
		In the department, studies are carried out in the field of high-temperature plasma physics, which are directed towards the mastering of controlled fusion D-D reactions (D-T type in the future) and towards the technological application of hot plasmas.
		Investigation of plasma-ion imploders covers theoretical studies of the plasma devices used for the generation of intense plasma-ion streams applicable for nuclear fusion and technological purposes.
		Studies connected with plasma-focus devices concern the construction, optimization and determination of the optimal exploitation conditions with regard to the X-ray or particle-stream emission.
	epub.iaea.org /fusion/public/ws97/node233.html (201 words)

	Institute for Space and Nuclear Power Studies
		Whether it's power systems for a Lunar outpost or fast travel to distant planets, reducing nuclear waste here on Earth, or studying the passage of fluids through microchannels 1/20th the thickness of a human hair—crucial to the development of microsystems—the Institute for Space and Nuclear Power Studies is researching tomorrow's solutions today.
		These nuclear energy sources are designed to have an overall thermal utilization in excess of 90-percent.
		The Institute serves as the organizing entity for this annual meeting in collaboration with government, industry, academia, international organizations, and professional and space science societies.
	www.unm.edu /~isnps (541 words)

	World Analytical Studies
		Critics of nuclear expansion can point to the fact that more nuclear power plants are planned or under construction in Asia than in any other region on the planet.
		Nuclear power plants are too expensive for much of the third world, take longer to build than fossil fuel plants, require highly trained personnel to operate, extensive security, an effective regulatory program, environmental impact studies, and an effective and potentially costly program to quickly deal with emergencies.
		The Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, located in Russia, operates a comprehensive web site that provides information on its laboratories plus an abundance of useful links to other sites.
	www.eia.doe.gov /cneaf/nuclear/page/analysis/anasum2.html (710 words)

	Poland - SINS
		In the department, studies are carried out in the field of high-temperature plasma physics, which are directed towards the the controlled fusion reactions (D-D presently, and D-T type in the future) and towards technological application of high-temperature plasmas.
		Investigations of plasma-ion imploding systems cover theoretical studies of the plasma devices used for the generation of intense plasma-ion streams applicable for nuclear fusion and technological purposes.
		Studies carried out with plasma-focus devices, concern the construction, operation and optimization of those facilities with regard to the X-ray or particle-stream emission.
	www-pub.iaea.org /MTCD/NF/ws2001/poland/sins.html (213 words)

	Nuclear Physics Institute, ASCR
		The Institute was created in 1972 from the Physics Section of the former Institute of Nuclear Research of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, which was founded in 1955.
		The work of the Institute is primarily devoted to research in nuclear physics at low and medium energies, both theoretical and experimental.
		The Institute carries out studies in the nuclear spectroscopy of beta and gamma radiation, nuclear reactions including the collisions of heavy ions and hyper-nuclear physics.
	www.cas.cz /en/UJF.html (261 words)

	Case Studies - Nuclear Energy Institute NEI
		The 1982 Nuclear Waste Policy Act set in motion a process which ultimately identified Yucca Mountain, in the remote Nevada desert, as best-suited for a permanent high-level nuclear waste repository.
		In recent years, critics focused specifically on the transport and storage of nuclear waste, charging this would greatly increase the likelihood of nuclear waste spills and releases of radiation.
		Smith and Harroff knew that the nuclear industry had facts on its side, but lacked the means to bring those facts before a wider public.
	www.smithharroff.com /cs_nei.htm (955 words)

	The Heartland Institute - Analysis: Nuclear Power Is Safest Energy Source, Studies Show - by Jay Lehr
		Nuclear power plants are not at risk from terrorist attacks: They do not offer exponential damage opportunities and they are the most fortified installations in the nation.
		His calculations indicate that if one lived at the boundary of a nuclear power plant for five years, there would be an increased risk of premature death from nuclear radiation of one in a million.
		As for attack by land, nuclear plants are relatively unattractive targets because of high security and low explosion potential.
	www.heartland.org /Article.cfm?artId=16809 (997 words)

	Institute for Policy Studies Nuclear Policy Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Congressional request was prompted by a study IPS helped organize, which found that unprotected spent reactor fuel pools could become the ultimate radiological "dirty bombs." A terrorist attack could cause the pool water to drain and start a catastrophic radiological fire worse than Chernobyl.
		The Institute’s new Nuclear Policy Project’s work will focus on three broad issues: strategic integration of nuclear material management into nuclear arsenal reductions and ending production of nuclear explosives, accountability of the nuclear weapons states to their citizens relative to social, environmental, safety, and health impacts, and structural collapse of Cold War nuclear institutions.
		Nuclear Policy project director Robert Alvarez served as senior policy advisor to the Secretary of Energy from 1993 to 1999.
	www.ips-dc.org /projects/nuclear/index.htm (742 words)

	University of Chicago Institute for Nuclear Studies Cyclotron records, 1945-1952. AIP International Catalog of Sources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		University of Chicago Institute for Nuclear Studies Cyclotron records, 1945-1952.
		Nuclear facilities -- United States -- Illinois -- Chicago.
		The Institute for Nuclear Studies of the University of Chicago is now known as the Enrico Fermi Institute.
	www.aip.org /history/catalog/icos/463.html (169 words)

	NTI: Nuclear Threat Initiative
		With terrorists actively seeking nuclear weapons and the materials to make them, urgent measures and high-level leadership are needed to prevent a nuclear 9/11, according to two new reports released on the eve of the G8 summit in St. Petersburg.
		Speaking to the Institute for Nuclear Materials Management, NTI President Charles Curtis called on nuclear industry professionals to take on greater responsibility for establishing global best practices for securing, surveillance, accounting and tracking nuclear materials to keep them out of terrorist hands.
		Securing the Bomb Overviews of the global threat posed by inadequately managed nuclear weapons and materials; what is being done now to address that threat; and what should be done to prevent nuclear terrorism from ever occurring.
	www.nti.org (868 words)

	University of Chicago Research Institutes: 50 years of scientific achievements
		Among the scientists Hutchins hired to staff the new Institute for Nuclear Studies were physicists and chemists whose names now carry the weight of scientific legend: Nobel laureates Enrico Fermi and Harold Urey; Maria Goeppert Mayer and Willard Libby, who would later win Nobel Prizes for their work at the institute; and Edward Teller.
		The James Franck Institute, originally the Institute for the Study of Metals, grew out of the Manhattan Project’s Metallurgical Laboratory and began its mission with a narrower focus than the Enrico Fermi Institute–specifically, to conduct research on the fundamental aspects of metallurgy and solid-state physics.
		True to the interdisciplinary focus of the Research Institutes, many research areas within JFI straddle the boundary between chemistry and physics–for example, the work pioneered by Yuan Lee in the 1960s and 1970s on molecular-beam spectroscopy.
	www-news.uchicago.edu /releases/95/951017.ucRI.50.shtml (1847 words)

	Invent Now \| Hall of Fame \| Search \| Inventor Profile
		While studying the creation of artificially radioactive isotopes in the 1930s, Enrico Fermi became the first physicist to split the atom.
		Born in Rome, Italy, Fermi graduated from the University of Pisa in 1922, became a lecturer at the University of Florence for two years and then a professor of theoretical physics at Rome.
		This was accomplished in 1942.Transferred for a time to the Los Alamos, New Mexico atomic bomb laboratory, Fermi returned to Chicago in 1945 as a professor at the Institute for Nuclear Studies and in the same year became a United States citizen.
	www.invent.org /hall_of_fame/1_1_6_detail.asp?vInventorID=58 (210 words)

	Enrico Fermi Institute \| An Introduction and History
		The Enrico Fermi Institute is an academic unit of the University devoted to interdisciplinary research.
		It was founded shortly after the Second World War as the "Institute for Nuclear Studies" and is now named in honor of Enrico Fermi, who was one of the founders and a distinguished member of the Institute.
		The experimental disciplines currently being pursued include: high-energy particle physics, high-energy astrophysics, studies of particles and fields in the solar system and in space, infrared and optical astronomy, nuclear cosmo-chemistry, geochemistry, scanning electron and proton microscopy, and solar energy concentration.
	efi.uchicago.edu /about/index.shtml (481 words)

	MARIA GOEPPERT MAYER
		Greg or Wentzel joined the faculties of the Physics Department and Institute later, and the families quickly became very close, one outcome being the joining of the families by marriage of Maria Ann to the Wentzels' son.
		The activities in the Institute reflected the interests of the leading lights, interests that were very broad indeed, ranging from nuclear physics and chemistry to astrophysics and from cosmology to geophysics.
		The interdisciplinary character of the Institute was well suited to the breadth of her own activities over the past, so that her Chicago years were the culmination of her variety of scientific experience.
	www.physics.ucla.edu /~moszkows/mgm/rgsmgm4c.htm (1114 words)

	THE IRANIAN: Iran's Nuclear Program, Mahyar Etminan
		Since the explosion of the first nuclear bomb in Hiroshima in the 1940s and the witnessing of the sheer devastating power of this weapon, nations around the globe are in pursuit of acquiring this weapon.
		Contracts were signed with KWU of Germany and Alsthom in France to build four nuclear power reactors, a precursor to developing the "bomb".
		It is believed that in 1987, Pakistan signed a nuclear co-operation agreement with Iran that involved the training of Iranian nuclear physicists at the Institute for Nuclear Sciences and Technology in Islamabad, and at the Nuclear Studies Institute in Nowlore.
	www.iranian.com /MahyarEtminan/2003/March/Nuclear (461 words)

	Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research (SINR) - China Nuclear Forces
		The Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research is one of the major research institutions of comprehensive studies on nuclear sciences in China.
		The Nuclear Physics Division utilizes nuclear physics facilities of both abroad and domestic to study heavy ion reactions, nuclear spectroscopy and nuclear many-body problems.
		Studies on techniques and applications of accelerators and manufacturing for markets are carried out in the applied accelerator laboratory.
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/china/contractor/sinr.htm (481 words)

	The Nautilus Institute: Tactical Nuclear Weapons in 1966 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In a sense, the JASONs were shadow-boxing their own visualizations as to tactical nuclear weapons that might have been used by the Viet Cong, although at the time, there was no way to know what the Soviets or Chinese might have supplied.
		Citing 1966 studies by Sandia Corporation, the JASON's refer to a "research earth borer" (REB) tactical nuclear weapon under development "which is an airdropped bomb that penetrates the ground to a desired depth.
		However, this weapon was not yet in service (indeed, it is still not in service although a variant of the B61 bomb has been created that placed a hardened steel casing around the warhead to enable it to penetrate about 20 feet into dry earth when dropped from 40,000 feet).
	www.nautilus.org /VietnamFOIA/background/TNW1966.html (1365 words)

	WSU Nuclear Radiation Center
		From 1946 to 1948 Dr Dodgen worked for the Institute for Nuclear Studies at the University of Chicago alongside such great scientists as Enrico Fermi, Edward Teller and Robert Oppenheimer.
		Major planning for the Nuclear Radiation Center began in 1956, and after securing over $600,000 in funding from Washington State College, the Atomic Energy Commission and the National Science Foundation, construction on the reactor and associated facilities began in1959.
		The spring of 1961 saw the birth of the atomic age at WSU, and the reactor was rapidly utilized by researchers in both the University and the Inland Northwest.
	www.wsu.edu /nrc/nrc_dodgen.html (684 words)

	Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN
		The Scientific Council of the Institute is authorized to confer the Ph.D. degrees and the Habilitation degrees in physics, end to initiate and conduct professorship procedures.
		The Board evaluates bi-annually all the research activity at the Institute and issues a formal Report assesing the quality of the scientific work, activity and achievements of research groups and their organizational structure.
		The Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences performs research of high international visibility and is a research institution with a large scientific and technical potential.
	www.ifj.edu.pl /?lang=en (672 words)

	John Alexander Simpson, 83, Nuclear and Cosmic Scientist
		There, he monitored and analyzed streams of data sent to Earth by his instruments from space missions including the Ulysses solar orbiter and the Stardust mission, launched last year for a 2004 rendezvous with Comet Wild-2, a ball of ice two and one-half miles in diameter.
		In 1948 he invented a device to monitor the intensity of cosmic ray neutrons, which he deployed at stations from Chicago to the magnetic equator in Peru.
		In the physics department of the University of Chicago, he rose from instructor in 1945 to professor at the Fermi Institute in 1964.
	ulysses.uchicago.edu /simpson/NY_TIMES_OBIT.html (698 words)

	CERN Courier - Nuclear treasure island - IOP Publishing - article
		Although both new nuclei almost instantly decay into lighter ones, the decay sequence is consistent with theories that have long predicted the island of stability for nuclei with approximately 114 protons and 184 neutrons.
		Theorist Robert Smolanczuk, visiting from the Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies in Poland, had calculated that this reaction should have particularly favourable production rates.
		Now that this route has been signposted, similar reactions could be possible: new elements and isotopes, tests of nuclear stability and mass models, and a new understanding of nuclear reactions for the production of heavy elements.
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/39/7/17 (337 words)

	NTI: Country Overviews: Iran: Nuclear Chronology
		Argentina has not ruled out certain nuclear sales to Iran, but it has banned export of technology, materials, or equipment that could be used to enrich uranium, reprocess fuel or produce heavy water.
		Nuclear News reports that Argentina wants to earn extra money for its atomic energy agency by exporting nuclear supplies and services, subject to International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards, to such countries as Iran and Albania.
		This material is produced independently for NTI by the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of and has not been independently verified by NTI or its directors, officers, employees, agents.
	www.nti.org /e_research/profiles/Iran/1825_1857.html (3376 words)

	Model of ORINS Thyroid Counter (1955) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		This wood and masonite model was built in 1955 for Marshall Brucer, the then head of the Medical Division at the Oak Ridge Institute for Nuclear Studies (ORINS).
		The above figure shows the instrumentation room at the Medical Division of the Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies where the various types of thyroid uptake equipment were installed (ca.
		The unit that the model is based on is located in the center-right of the photo.
	www.orau.org /PTP/collection/nuclearmedicine/modelthyroid.htm (312 words)

	Roadmap to the Project: Oral Histories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Patricia Wallace Durbin, Ph.D. covers Durbin's reopening, in the 1970s, of medical follow-up studies of the wartime human plutonium injections; her research on strontium, amencium, and plutonium from 1954 to 1980 at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory; and her study on calcium and strontium metabolism in infants.
		Nadine Foreman, M.D. covers Foreman's work with Earl Miller and Mayo Soley on a study of the use of radioiodine in the treatment of thyroid disease during the late 1940s, and the thyroid treatments she administered in her subsequent clinical position in the Metabolic Research Laboratory at Highland Hospital in Oakland, California.
		Cell Biologist Don Francis Petersen, Ph.D. covers human radiation studies conducted at Los Alamos National Laboratory during Petersen's long career, starting in 1956, in the Radiobiology Group; the process by which such studies were approved by the Lab and the Atomic Energy Commission; and the use of workers' children in radioiodine experiments.
	www.eh.doe.gov /ohre/roadmap/histories/index.html (1353 words)

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