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Topic: Institute for Theoretical Physics, Copenhagen

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	Encyclopedia Brunoniana \| Lindsay, Robert Bruce
		R(obert) Bruce Lindsay (1900-1985), professor of physics, was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts, on January 1, 1900.
		He was a graduate student and instructor in physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for the next two years.
		He was named Hazard Professor of Physics in 1936 and chairman of the Physics Department in 1934, a post which he held until he became dean of the Graduate School in 1954.
	www.brown.edu /Administration/News_Bureau/Databases/Encyclopedia/search.php?serial=L0120 (363 words)

	Heisenberg, Werner
		Physical variables were to be represented by arrays of numbers; under the influence of Einstein's paper on relativity (1905), he took the variables to represent not hidden, inaccessible structures but “observable” (i.e., measurable) quantities.
		Indeterminacy principles are characteristic of quantum physics; they state the theoretical limitations imposed upon any pair of noncommuting (i.e., conjugate) variables, such as the matrix representations of position and momentum; in such cases, the measurement of one affects the measurement of the other.
		This new conception of the measurement process in physics emphasized the active role of the scientist, who, in making measurements, interacted with the observed object and thus caused it to be revealed not as it is in itself but as a function of measurement.
	www.crownedanarchist.com /emc2/werner_heisenberg.htm (2554 words)

	BOHR, Aage Niels
		In 1963, Bohr became director of the Institute for Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen (renamed the Niels Bohr Institute in 1965, in honor of his father who had died in 1962).
		Nobel Prize in physics for “the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection.”
		From 1975 to 1981 he was director of the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics, which shares research and facilities with the Niels Bohr Institute.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=203292 (419 words)

	Niels Bohr - Discussions with Einstein On Epistemological Problems in Atomic Physics. 1949 - Niels Bohr
		On the contrary, this description, as appears from the preceding discussion, may be characterised as a rational utilisation of all possibilities of unambiguous interpretation of measurements, compatible with the finite and uncontrollable interaction between the objects and the measuring instruments in the field of quantum theory.
		Notwithstanding all differences between the physical problems which have given rise to the development of relativity theory and quantum theory, respectively, a comparison of purely logical aspects of relativistic and complementary argumentation reveals striking similarities as regards the renunciation of the absolute significance of conventional physical attributes of objects.
		In fact, the astounding simplicity of the generalisation of classical physical theories, which are obtained by the use of multidimensional geometry and non-commutative algebra, respectively, rests in both cases essentially on the introduction of the conventional symbol sqrt(-1).
	evans-experientialism.freewebspace.com /bohr.htm (8463 words)

	Niels Bohr - Biography
		Having there carried out a theoretical piece of work on the absorption of alpha rays which was published in the Philosophical Magazine, 1913, he passed on to a study of the structure of atoms on the basis of Rutherford's discovery of the atomic nucleus.
		In 1913-1914 Bohr held a Lectureship in Physics at Copenhagen University and in 1914-1916 a similar appointment at the Victoria University in Manchester.
		In 1916 he was appointed Professor of Theoretical Physics at Copenhagen University, and since 1920 (until his death in 1962) he was at the head of the Institute for Theoretical Physics, established for him at that university.
	nobelprize.org /physics/laureates/1922/bohr-bio.html (1149 words)

	Search Results for Physics
		the physics of matter, based on the concepts of particles and atoms which were supposed to obey the laws of classical Newtonian mechanics, and the physics of radiation, based on the idea of wave propagation in a hypothetical continuous medium, the luminous and electromagnetic ether.
		She was a physics student there but the happiness was soon repaced by much pain for she fell ill with cancer and died in 1937 less than a year after the marriage.
		At the University of Budapest Polya was taught physics by Eotvos and mathematics by Fejer.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Search/historysearch.cgi?SUGGESTION=Physics&CONTEXT=1 (17897 words)

	Copenhagen . Niels Bohr \| PBS
		He won the 1922 Nobel Prize in physics for his study of the structure and radiation of atoms.
		In 1921 Bohr was named director of the new Institute for Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen, which soon became a requisite destination for atomic physicists from around the world.
		Niels Bohr died in 1962 and is buried in Copenhagen.
	www.pbs.org /hollywoodpresents/copenhagen/story/bohr.html (558 words)

	NBI Today and previously.
		The main subjects of research at the Niels Bohr Institute are: Experimental and theoretical high-energy and nuclear physics, astrophysics, chaos and turbulence, biophysics, quantum optics...
		Although the Institute was connected with a chair in theoretical physics and was denoted accordingly, its working domain included experimental investigations in the field of atomic physics.
		Fortunately, Mott, during his stay at the Institute, had been engaged in the problem of electron polarisation, and in the paper [4] in which he brilliantly showed how this property could in principle be ascertained by a double scattering experiment, he gave a very clear account of the whole situation.
	www.nbi.dk /nbi-history.html (6277 words)

	Obituary: Per Bak (1947[#150]2002) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mogens Høgh Jensen is at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
		His long association with Brookhaven was interrupted by stays at the University of Copenhagen and at the Nordic Institute of Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen.
		In 1979 Bak was employed as a lecturer at the University of Copenhagen's Ørsted Laboratory and turned his attention to chaos and fractal theory.
	www.ma.ic.ac.uk /~paczuski/nature_obit.html (967 words)

	Bohr, Niels (1885-1962) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Niels Bohr was one of the pioneers of quantum physics and was one of the twentieth century's most widely respected thinkers.
		In 1920, he became the founding director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen, where he continued to work on atomic physics and on the fundamental interpretation of quantum mechanics, particularly the development of the Copenhagen interpretation (his discussion with Einstein on this topic are legendary).
		Following Bohr's death in 1962, the Copenhagen Institute for Theoretical Physics was renamed the Niels Bohr Institute in his honour.
	www.rdg.ac.uk /physicsnet/units/flap/glossary/biogs/bbohrrrr.htm (465 words)

	Niels Bohr: Master of Physics and Dialogue - John Archibald Wheeler
		John Archibald Wheeler is director of the Center for Theoretical Physics at the University of Texas at Austin and Joseph Henry Professor Emeritus at Princeton University.
		He spent the years 1934-1935 at the Institute for Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen, and was a frequent collaborator of Bohr's.
		No. His way of doing physics was man to man. His way of making headway on any great issue was man to man. His effectiveness derived not from publicity, but from its direct opposite, man-to-man, dialogue, private persuasion, the hold of his eyes and voice and reasoning on his partner in colloquy.
	www.worldandi.com /specialreport/1986/May/Sa11334.htm (353 words)

	NORDITA NEWS 1997/1 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		NORDITA, the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen, invites applications for the position of Director from 1 August 2002.
		NORDITA is an institute under the Nordic Council of Ministers for the purpose of conducting research and creating competence of a high international standard in theoretical physics.
		Nordita, the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics, expects to have an opening for an assistant professor starting in September 2002, or some other date to be agreed upon.
	www.nordita.dk /news/nornews/nornews01.3.html (895 words)

	Obituary: Per Bak
		Mogens Høgh Jensen is at the Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
		His long association with Brookhaven was interrupted by stays at the University of Copenhagen and at the Nordic Institute of Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen.
		In 1979 Bak was employed as a lecturer at the University of Copenhagen's Ørsted Laboratory and turned his attention to chaos and fractal theory.
	www.nbi.dk /~nbsi/2003/obituaryPB.html (967 words)

	Quantum Mechanics, 1925-1927: Triumph of the Copenhagen Interpretation
		We regard quantum mechanics as a complete theory for which the fundamental physical and mathematical hypotheses are no longer susceptible of modification.
		A month later, in October 1927, Born and Heisenberg, speaking to the Solvay physics conference in Brussels, Belgium, went so far as to declare quantum mechanics to be complete and irrevocable.
		These bright students, nurtured by the Copenhagen doctrine and educated into the new quantum mechanics, formed a new and dominant generation of physicists.
	www.aip.org /history/heisenberg/p09.htm (922 words)

	Wolfgang Pauli
		In 1928, he was appointed Professor of Theoretical Physics at the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, Switzerland.
		Pauli moved to the United States in 1940, where he was Professor of Theoretical Physics at Princeton.
		In 1945, Pauli received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his "decisive contribution through his discovery in 1925 of a new law of Nature, the exclusion principle or Pauli principle." He had been nominated for the prize by Einstein.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/pauli.html (647 words)

	energy and matter aim 1
		Bohr was born in Copenhagen on 7 October 1885.
		Bohr returned to Copenhagen as a lecturer at the University in 1912, and in 1913 developed his theory of atomic structure by applying the quantum theory to the observations of radiation emitted by atoms.
		The Institute rapidly became a centre for theoretical physicists from throughout the world, and such figures as Wolfgang Pauli (1900-1958) and Werner Heisenberg (1901-1976) developed Bohr's work there, resulting in the theories of quantum and wave mechanics that more fully explain the behaviour of electrons within atoms.
	www.chemcool.com /biography/bohr.htm (1110 words)

	The GW Hatchet, (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is held under the auspices of the Carnegie Institution and the University, the work of which is under the direction of Dr. George Gamow and Dr. Edward Teller, professors of theoretical physics.
		Bohr, outstanding in the realm of modern physics, is director of the University Institute for Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen, Denmark.
		Further development of these ideas show that a precise determination of the orbit of an electron around the nucleus of the atom is impossible, and that it is even meaningless to give such a description of the interior of the atom.
	www.gwu.edu /~physics/hatchcar1.htm (331 words)

	Biographies - CERN
		In 1913 Bohr was appointed as a docent in Copenhagen.
		In 1917 he was elected to the Danish Academy of Sciences and he began to plan for an Institute of Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen and in 1921 he became its Director.
		He was the Director of the Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics in Krakowfrom 1977 until He made important contributions to the theory of nuclear structure and to understand spin-spin interaction.
	library.cern.ch /archives/bio/index.php?tri=date_debut&mot= (2728 words)

	Abraham Pais
		Abraham Pais was not only a renowned theoretical physicist in his younger years, but later in his career, he became a chronicler of theoretical physics, and of the personalities involved in theoretical physics during his life time.
		Pais earned his M. degree in theoretical physics in 1940, and a year later, in 1941, Pais completed his doctoral dissertation, and was awarded the Ph.
		He is viewed as one of the co-founders of particle physics, and most of his research and contributions are in the field of particle physics.
	www.nnp.org /nni/Publications/Dutch-American/pais.html (1034 words)

	Wolfgang Pauli - Hendrik Anthony Kramers
		Studies theoretical physics at the University of Leiden, mainly with Paul Ehrenfest.
		Lecturer at the Institute of Theoretical Physics in Göttingen.
		Is appointed to the chair of theoretical physics at the University of Utrecht.
	www.ethbib.ethz.ch /exhibit/pauli/kramers.html (240 words)

	CIRCS - Northeastern University - Seminars 2003-2004
		Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics (NORDITA), Copenhagen Denmark
		A theoretical model of the process is developed, in which it is shown (see ref. 1 below) that the behaviour above is essentially caused by entropic confinement effects in the nanopore.
		Given the complexity of cortical function, a natural first step in a theoretical approach consists in delineating the constraints imposed upon 'macroscopic' processing, and in particular upon 'macroscopic' length and time scales, by 'microscopic' parameters such as local wiring and single-neuron dynamics.
	www.circs.neu.edu /mics/seminars_2004.htm (2341 words)

	Physics Today Obituaries: Torben Huus
		Throughout his carrier he was employed at the Institute for Theoretical Physics of Copenhagen University (later, The Niels Bohr Institute) of which he became the director during the period 1976-1980.
		The experiment verified the theoretical excitation function as given by K.A. Ter-Marterosyan (Leningrad) and K. Alder and A. Winther (Copenhagen), and revealed a second excited state which confirmed the rotational character of the excitations of 181Ta.
		He was remarkably successful in guiding the Institute through this period as a result of his recognized objectivity and the respect and confidence shown him from all sides.
	www.physicstoday.org /obits/notice_124.shtml (433 words)

	General Introduction: Brief History
		RIFP was a new type of national research center for theoretical physics with its facilities open for use for research collaborations by the entire community of theoretical physicists in Japan.
		One of the unique roles played by the institute was to provide a forum for physicists on various problems at the forefront of research in theoretical physics.
		Yukawa Hall is still used for research conferences and workshops organized by the Yukawa Institute besides use for its administrative offices, including Director's, and for the editorial office of the Progress of Theoretical Physics, a journal of theoretical physics founded by Yukawa in 1946.
	www2.yukawa.kyoto-u.ac.jp /~youran/history.html (863 words)

	Otto Frisch
		He went to the Institute of Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen where he worked with Nils Bohr.
		After the war Frisch was head of the Nuclear Physics Division at Harwell before becoming professor of natural philosophy at Cambridge University (1947-71).
		This seems to be conclusive physical evidence for the breaking up of uranium nuclei into parts of comparable size, as indicated by the experiments of Hahn and Strassmann.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /GERfrisch.htm (872 words)

	The religion of Werner Heisenberg, physicist
		At twenty-five he was made Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Leipzig, where he started his own institute four years later.
		He became Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physics in Gdttingen: renamed the Max Planck Institute in 1947 and transferred to Munich in 1958.
		He began his "Physics and Beyond" (197 1) with the statement, "Science is made by man." He was attracted by the simplicity and beauty of the mathematics of idealized nature.
	www.adherents.com /people/ph/Werner_Heisenberg.html (1538 words)

	What's Wrong with Quantum Mechanics?
		In the so-called Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, spearheaded by Niels Bohr of the Institute for Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen, properties such as the momentum of a quantum particle have no definite value until a measurement is made.
		The Copenhagen interpretation, by contrast, seemed to say that the second particle's properties would only become definite after the first particle had been measured, even though the two particles were no longer in contact.
		In his reply a few months later [1], Bohr argued that since you couldn't physically perform a simultaneous measurement of position and momentum, there is no way to prove that they coexist as definite properties.
	focus.aps.org /story/v16/st10 (729 words)

	Nekrolog
		Per Bak was known all over the world for his pathbreaking contributions to the physics of complex systems and was one of the world's most cited physicists.
		His long association with Brookhaven was interrupted by longer stays at the University of Copenhagen and at the Nordic Institute of Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen.
		In 1979 he was employed as a lecturer at the Ørsted Laboratory at the University of Copenhagen and began a very productive period in which his attention turned to the latest developments in chaos and fractal theory.
	ntserv.fys.ku.dk /afg/NyAFG/obituaryPerBak.htm (994 words)

	Dixast ::Media Networks::
		Bohr, Aage Niels Bohr, Aage Niels (1922-), Danish physicist and Nobel laureate, born in Copenhagen.
		He then joined the Institute for Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen, devoting his attention to the inner structure of the atom.
		He resigned in 1970 to devote more time to research, but in 1975 he became director of the Nordic Institute of Theoretical Atomic Physics, which shares research and facilities with the Niels Bohr Institute.
	www.dixast.com /inforack/head.php?id=21 (198 words)

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