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	Institutional Revolutionary Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The party was the result of Plutarco Elías Calles's efforts to stop the violent struggle for power between the victorious factions of the Mexican Revolution, and guarantee the peaceful if not democratic transmission of power for members of the party.
		The party had acquired a reputation for dishonesty, and while this was admitted (to a degree) by some of its affiliates, its supporters maintained that the role of the party was crucial in the modernization and stabilization of Mexico.
		The party was described by some scholars as a "state party", a term which captures both the non-competitive history and character of the party itself, and the inextricable connection between the party and the Mexican state for much of the 20th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Institutional_Revolutionary_Party (1009 words)

	Political party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In parliamentary systems of government, most political parties have an elected leader who, if his or her party is elected by absolute majority, or with a relative majority within the coalition where tradition is thus, becomes head of government.
		One right wing coalition party and one left wing coalition party is the most common ideological breakdown in such a system but in two-party states political parties are traditionally catch all parties which are ideologically broad and inclusive.
		The emblem of socialist parties is often a red rose held in a fist.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Political_party (1703 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Institutional Revolutionary Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The National Action Party (Spanish: Partido AcciÃ³n Nacional), known by the acronym PAN, is a conservative and Christian Democratic party and one of the three main political parties in Mexico.
		The Ecologist Green Party of Mexico (Spanish: Partido Verde Ecologista de MÃ©xico, known by the abbreviation PVEM) is one of the six political parties to enjoy representation in the Mexican Congress.
		The party has acquired a reputation for dishonesty to the extent that it is an open secret, and while this is admitted (to a degree) by some of its affiliates, its supporters maintain that the role of the party was crucial in the modernization of Mexico.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Institutional-Revolutionary-Party (3947 words)

	Mexico - Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI)
		The PRI was founded by Calles in 1929 as the National Revolutionary Party (Partido Nacional Revolucionario--PNR), a loose confederation of local political bosses and military strongmen grouped together with labor unions, peasant organizations, and regional political parties.
		Calles, operating through the party organization, was able to undermine much of the strength of peasant and labor organizations that affiliated with the party and to weaken the regional military commanders who had operated with great autonomy throughout the 1920s.
		Although the PRI party bosses remained loyal to Salinas, allowing the party to win the July 1988 presidential election, the 1988 vote was a major psychological blow to the ruling party.
	www.countrystudies.us /mexico/84.htm (1833 words)

	Institutional Revolutionary party on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Established in 1929 as the National Revolutionary party by former President Plutarco Calles, it brought together the country's governmental, military, and agricultural leaders in a program of socioeconomic reform.
		In 1938 it was renamed the Mexican Revolutionary party, and in 1946 it acquired its present name.
		In 1994 the PRI's presidential candidate, Luis Donaldo Colosio Murrieta, was assassinated; the party's new candidate, Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León, won the presidency by a narrow margin.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/I/InsR1P1M1ex.asp (461 words)

	TruthNews
		Fox's election as the first president from the opposition since the Institutional Revolutionary Party was founded in 1929 signals the end of a peculiar style of democracy in which the ruling party and the government were synonymous.
		Fox's party was a major supporter of the former government's push for the North American Free Trade Agreement and it is considered Mexico's most pro-business party, but it has never managed the economy at the national level.
		In states and localities where opposition parties have unseated the Institutional Revolutionary Party --- such as Mexico City, where city hall was captured by the leftist Democratic Revolutionary Party in 1997 -- the new political leaders often arrived in their offices to find outgoing bureaucrats had taken even the furniture with them.
	www.truthnews.net /world/2000_07_mex.html (1227 words)

	CNN.com - Fox defends tax reform that is unlikely to pass - Dec. 1, 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Institutional Revolutionary controlled the presidency from 1929 until 2000 and still holds more seats than any other party in both houses of Congress, which must pass next year's budget before the end of the year.
		But even as the president spoke, Institutional Revolutionary was hardening its opposition to the plan, as it moved closer to dismissing the head of its voting block in the house.
		On Friday, 123 of Institutional Revolutionary 222 legislators presented a petition calling for Gordillo's dismissal as house leader, and party officials were meeting Saturday to discuss their next move.
	www.cnn.com /2003/WORLD/americas/11/29/mexico.fox.tax.ap/index.html (534 words)

	Institutional Revolutionary Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Institutional Revolutionary Party (Spanish: Partido Revolucionario Institucional or PRI) is a Mexican political party that wielded hegemonic power in the country – under a succession of Names – for more than 70 years.
		Only the odd federal deputy (diputado) or senator (senador) from other parties ever got elected, and the first state governor not to come from its ranks was not elected until 1989 (Ernesto Ruffo Appel of the PAN in Baja California).
		The Party had acquired a reputation for dishonesty to the extent that it is an open secret, and while this was admitted (to a degree) by some of its affiliates, its supporters maintained that the role of the Party was crucial in the modernization of Mexico.
	institutional-revolutionary-party.area51.ipupdater.com (671 words)

	americas.org - Elections Too Close to Call (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		TIJUANA —; The Institutional Revolutionary Party, which ruled Mexico for most of the 20th century, was battling to retake Tijuana and cling to the governorship of Oaxaca as voters cast ballots Sunday in state and local elections that could shape the 2006 presidential race.
		With Fox's party losing strength nationwide, the two races were a test of the resurgent PRI's ability to shore up its rural heartland base, which encompasses thousands of poor, indigenous communities in Oaxaca, and its attempts to erode the PAN's urban strongholds in northern Mexico.
		Madrazo's opponents in the party backed Gabino Cue, believing that an upset of the PRI in a state it had never lost would derail the party leader's drive for the presidential nomination.
	www.americas.org /item_15823 (875 words)

	Mexico's Ruling Party Accused of Diverting Public Money - Global Policy Forum - Nations and States
		The former leader of the governing party here acknowledged in recent court testimony that he personally accepted $136,000 a month in public money, using it to finance the payrolls of the party, known as the PRI, authorities said.
		The investigation is forcing party leaders to choose between defending members in public disgrace or blaming them for illegal practices that prosecutors say appear to have been established party procedures.
		Canales was overwhelmed in his first bid for governor in 1985 by a juggernaut of PRI spending during the campaign and by vote theft on election day, he recalled in an interview at the governor's palace in Monterrey, the state capital.
	www.globalpolicy.org /nations/corrupt/mexico.htm (1062 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Mexico -- Rhon says he'd like a police chief similar to one of Mexico's most-corrupt ...
		Jorge Hank Rhon, of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, overcame a double-digit deficit in opinion polls to best former city councilman Jorge Ramos in Sunday's election and end President Vicente Fox's National Action Party's 15-year hold on the mayorship.
		Institutional Revolutionary controlled Mexico's presidency from 1929 until losing to Fox in 2000.
		The son of legendary Institutional Revolutionary king-maker and former Mexico City mayor Carlos Hank Gonzalez, Hank Rhon made headlines across Mexico in June when he said during an interview with the capital's El Universal newspaper that his favorite animal was woman.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/mexico/tijuana/20040805-1642-mexico-tijuanaelection.html (636 words)

	Articles: Colosio, Donaldo - Historical Text Archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It was a party created to unite governmental, agricultural, and military leaders in a program for socioeconomic reform.
		PRI generally affirmed that the party would stay in the Mexican presidency by a process called dedazo, literally meaning, "the pointing of the finger," President Salinas "pointed the finger" at Donaldo Colosio.
		PRI was not dominate party in Mexico for over six decades because of popularity reasons, but rather because they rigged elections.
	www.historicaltextarchive.com /sections.php?op=viewarticle&artid=566 (1055 words)

	Anarchism and Marxism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1917, Lenin had to fight his own party machine in order to for it to remain in touch with the masses (whom he admitted were far to the left of his own "revolutionary" party).
		Unconvinced by Lenin, Myasnokov was expelled from the party in 1922.
		However, a combination of bad politics and institutional pressures soon saw the twisting of their hopes into the exact opposite of what socialism is about (even the impoverished, basically state capitalist, vision of socialism held by the likes of Lenin and Trotsky).
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/anarchism/writers/anarcho/talks/marxism.html (11788 words)

	americas.org - Fox's Party Faces Big Test in Mexico Polls (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Mexico's affluent north is the PAN's electoral heartland, and in 1992 the state gave the party one of its first electoral breakthroughs against the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), which controlled the presidency for seven decades.
		The daughter of a former PRI governor, and herself a former communist, Ms Garcia is now seen as the party's most prominent moderate, and describes herself as a social democrat.
		Mexico's former ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) on Tuesday responded to the weekend's anti-crime demonstrations by proposing to put the death penalty for kidnappers on the agenda.
	www.americas.org /item_15452 (607 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Mexico -- Main contenders officially open campaigns for Tijuana mayorship
		He is running with the Institutional Revolutionary Party, which ruled Mexico from 1929 until losing to President Vicente Fox in 2000.
		Institutional Revolutionary officials circumvented the rules in recent weeks, however, by running ads for "a campaign without a candidate" on local radio and television stations and pouring money into publicity for the Caliente greyhound race track, which is owned by Hank Rhon.
		They include the Green Party and the Worker's Party, but are not expected to win many votes for the Institutional Revolutionary candidate.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/mexico/tijuana/20040524-1514-mexico-tijuanamayor.html (485 words)

	Institutional Revolutionary Party Encyclopedia Articles @ AlienArtifacts.com (Alien Artifacts) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Institutional Revolutionary Party Encyclopedia Articles @ AlienArtifacts.com (Alien Artifacts)
		However, nowadays opposing parties make the same claim against each other (PRD against Fox's PAN and PAN vs. López Obrador's PRD, for example).
		In the presidential elections of 2 July 2000, its candidate Francisco Labastida Ochoa won 36.1 % of the popular vote and was defeated by Vicente Fox.
	www.alienartifacts.com /encyclopedia/Institutional_Revolutionary_Party (703 words)

	Institutional Revolutionary Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It was the final result of all the political accommodations after the Mexican Revolution, in which most of the victorious combatants finallyagreed to join under its umbrella.
		The party has acquired a reputation for dishonesty to the extent that it is an open secret, and while this is admitted (to adegree) by some of its affiliates, its supporters maintain that the role of the party was crucial in the modernization of Mexico.
		It also remained the largest single party in both chambers of the federal congress.
	www.therfcc.org /institutional-revolutionary-party-22397.html (423 words)

	Online NewsHour: El Dedazo -- November 8, 1999
		With the first the Institutional Revolutionary Party primary election now a part of history, the decades-old practice of "el dedazo" -- the presidential appointment of the party's next nominee -- has ended.
		The term is symbolic, referring to the party's tradition of allowing the incumbent president to appoint the party's nominee, though critics contend the practice amounts to nothing more than anointing a political heir.
		Party leaders organized the November 7 primary election to pick the PRI nominee for the 2000 election, the first primary of its kind in party history.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/latin_america/july-dec99/dedazo.html (605 words)

	News articles for Elba, Nebraska (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Revolutionary Party congressmen leaving the late-night meeting claimed that 120 lawmakers from the party will refuse to recognize coordinator Elba Esther...
		Party, or PRI, now the primary opposition in Mexico and the largest faction in Congress, voted in an overnight meeting that ended early Tuesday to depose Elba...
		The main opposition party voted late Monday to replace Elba Esther Gordillo as its leader in the lower house of Congress.
	www.linkmorgue.org /united_states/full/Nebraska/Elba.html (2690 words)

	Institutional_Revolutionary_Party (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		(Spanish: ''Partido Revolucionario Institucional'' or '''PRI''') is a Mexican political party that wielded hegemonic power in the country – under a succession of names – for more than 70 years.
		It was the result of an idea of Plutarco Elías Calles to stop the violent struggle for power between the victorious factions of the Mexican Revolution, and guarantee the peaceful if not democratic transmission of power for members of the party.
		They also claim that electoral fraud, even with voter suppression and violence was one of the resources the party used when the political machine did not work.
	goc.subdomain.de /Institutional_Revolutionary_Party (911 words)

	Partido Revolucionario Institucional (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Institutional Revolutionary Party (Spanish : Partido Revolucionario Institucional or PRI) held power in Mexico for more than 70 years.
		Only odd federal deputy (diputado) or senator (senador) from other parties ever got elected the first state governor not to come its ranks was not elected until 1990.
		The party has acquired a reputation for to the extent that it is an secret and while this is admitted (to degree) by some of its affiliates its maintain that the role of the party crucial in the modernization of Mexico.
	www.freeglossary.com /Partido_Nacional_Revolucionario (452 words)

	Fertility has dropped from seven children per woman in 1965 to 2.5 in 1998, so that there are fewer children to be ...
		The Institutional Revolutionary Party majority in the Mexican Senate on July 1, 1999 killed a proposal to allow millions of Mexicans living abroad to vote by absentee ballot in national elections scheduled for July 2, 2000.
		Opposition parties -- the National Action Party (PAN) and the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) - are the majority in the Chamber of Deputies, but the PRI dominates in the Senate.
		Mexicans in the state of Mexico, the horseshoe-shaped state around Mexico City with 13 million residents and 7 million voters, went to the polls July 4, 1999 and re-elected a PRI governor with 41 percent of the vote; the PAN candidate received 35 percent, and the PRD candidate 24 percent.
	www.australia-travel-visa-immigration.com /news/portugal/jul_1999-07mn.asp (1599 words)

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