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Topic: Institutional racism

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Racism

Racial discrimination

Racial quota

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United Nations Conference on Racism

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Black supremacist

Racial purity

Racial profiling

Racism in Japan

Race

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	Institutional racism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Institutional racism (or structural racism or systemic racism) is a form of racism that occurs in institutions such as public bodies and corporations, including universities.
		Institutional racism is distinguished from the bigotry or racial bias of individuals by the existence of systematic yet covert policies and practices that have the effect of disadvantaging certain racial or ethnic groups.
		For example, the use of standardized testing is often termed "institutional racism," as this kind of assessment is often significantly influenced by cultural and social background, with the result that in much of the Western world racial minorities tend to score lower.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Institutional_racism (374 words)

	Racism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Racism may be expressed individually and consciously, through explicit thoughts, feelings, or acts, or socially and unconsciously, through institutions that promote inequalities among "races", as in institutional racism.
		Racism in one form or another was widespread in Britain before the twentieth century, and during the 1900s particularly towards Jewish groups and immigrants from Eastern Europe.
		Racism infers an assumption of racial superiority and a harmful intent, whereas separatists sometimes prefer the term racialism, indicating a strong interest in matters of race without a necessary inference of superiority or a desire to be harmful to others.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Racism (9639 words)

	Racism at work - institutional racism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Racism cannot be reduced to 'human nature and individual fallibility' which leave the state, politics, and 'major structural aspects of contemporary life out of focus' (Husband, 1991: 50).
		"it is the subtle presence of racism in our normal activities, coupled with our failure to make the connections between the personal, institutional and cultural levels of racism which make it so hard for white people to recognise its existence in their particular behaviour and combat it effectively".
		Institutional racism is virtually unrecognised in commercial organizations but it is an extremely contentious issue in the public sector - for instance social work and housing.
	www.hrmguide.net /hrm/racism.html (746 words)

	CARF Features - Police institutional racism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		He rejects the term 'institutional racism' because it stands to reason(he claims)that the whole police force to a man or woman cannot be racist.
		Institutional racism is that which, covertly or overtly, resides in the policies, procedures, operations and culture of public or private institutions - reinforcing individual prejudices and being reinforced by them in turn.
		Institutional racism is shown in the clear patterns of differential policing meted out on a systematic basis against fl people.
	www.carf.demon.co.uk /feat20.html (1349 words)

	ipedia.com: Institutional racism Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Institutional racism is a passive form of racism that occurs in institutions such as public bodies and corporations, including universities.
		Institutional racism (or structural racism) is a passive form of racism that occurs in institutions such as public bodies and corporations, including universities.
		The racism need not be caused by the racism of particular individuals, though that may well be present, but by the cumulative affect of policies, systems and processes that may not have been designed with racism in mind, but which have the effect of disadvantaging certain racial groups.
	www.ipedia.com /institutional_racism.html (210 words)

	Center for Study - Definitions of Racism
		Thus it is necessary to broaden the definition of racism beyond prejudice to include sentiments that in their consequence, if not in their intent, support the racial status quo.
		Racism is also used as an abuse excuse to rationalize violent behavior and inhumane policies toward Melanites.
		The critical element that differentiates racism from prejudice and discrimination is the use of institutional power and authority to support prejudices and enforce discriminatory behaviors in systematic ways with far-reaching outcomes and effects.
	www.euroamerican.org /library/definitions_racism.asp (612 words)

	Shark Blog: Institutional Racism (II)
		Racism has been consciously and systematically erected, and it can be undone only if people understand what it is, where it comes from, how it functions, and why it is perpetuated.
		Basically, I define institutional racism as the combination of race privilege plus power, meaning that the system is set up (inadvertently or not) to favor people of one race over another, and the mechanisms of the institution then reinforce with institutional power these discrepancies.
		Reject their definition of "racism" (which is purposely constructed to eliminate, by definition, the very possibility of a non-white racist or even of a white victim thereof) and their entire argument collapses in a puff of circularity.
	www.usefulwork.com /shark/archives/002188.html (3054 words)

	Institutional Racism and Health
		Racism is both overt and covert, it takes two closely-related forms: individual whites acting against individual fls, and acts by the total white community against the fl community.
		Institutional racism is a term that describes practices in the United States nearly as old as the nation itself.
		[Racism] in consequence, is the underlying structure causing the dreadful burden of excess morbidity and mortality, much of it preventable, that is borne by the fl population.
	www.udayton.edu /~health/03access/racist05.htm (14844 words)

	Institutional Racism and Policing
		Firstly, the racism of overtly prejudiced individuals, secondly, racism as a conscious and deliberate policy of public institutions which is not to be found in Britain, and, thirdly, racism as unintentional or unwitting discriminatory practice in the mode of operation of organisations which are formally non-discriminatory.
		For example one of the indications of institutional racism used by Macpherson was the failure to characterise the Lawrence murder as a racist crime.
		In both cases the effect is to hide the real structural determinants of the situation: in the case of the police the basis of institutional racism in the control of the socially excluded, and in the case of ethnic minority communities the economic determinants of marginality and social exclusion.
	www.bunker8.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /misc/instrac.htm (7342 words)

	The Stephen Lawrence Inquiry (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		But the fact is that the concept of institutional racism exists and is generally accepted, even if a long trawl through the work of academics and activists produces varied words and phrases in pursuit of a definition.
		Racism within the police can be both covert and overt, racism can be detected in how operational policing decisions are carried out and consequently implemented, and indeed how existing policy is ignored or individual officers' discretion results in racist outcomes".
		Institutional racism affects the routine ways in which ethnic minorities are treated in their capacity as employees, witnesses, victims, suspects and members of the general public." Violent Racism: Victimisation, Policing and Social Context, July 1998.
	www.archive.official-documents.co.uk /document/cm42/4262/sli-06.htm (7409 words)

	The Black Commentator - Institutional Racism and the Censorship - Issue 26
		This is an overtly racist reason, especially given the fact that her words were written in response to white use of the word "nigger," obviously and intentionally insulting to fl students "mistreated in an awful way," as one of Kohl's African-American classmates and a member of the Expression student staff put it.
		Racism built into the system, into the culture, into the hearts and minds of all of the folks who live in a nation whose history for many centuries has been shot through with racist decisions, racist attitudes, racist preferences, racist wealth allocation.
		Racism as a natural and inescapable part of a power structure which protects the wealthy and powerful, and which the few African Americans who have recently entered positions within the power structure oppose at their peril.
	www.blackcommentator.com /26/26_re_print.html (1095 words)

	The concept of institutional racism - Race and ethnicity - British Council United Kingdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Institutional racism is the process by which people from ethnic minorities are systematically discriminated against by a range of public and private bodies.
		Although racism is rooted in widely shared attitudes, values and beliefs, discrimination can occur irrespective of the intent of the individuals who carry out the activities of the institution.
		Institutional racism affects the routine ways in which ethnic minorities are treated in their capacity as employees, witnesses, victims, suspects and members of the general public.
	www.britishcouncil.org /diversity/race_reports2.htm (950 words)

	The Impact of Institutional Racism on the Employment and Educational Opportunities for Minority Youth
		Institutional racism is support of implicit and explicit actions and behaviors by individuals and institutional policies and practices that by default or by design perceive and treat people in a manner that keeps them in an inferior status because of their race.
		So again, whether that's institutional racism or something different and more complicated, I think at some point this discussion has to touch on the issue of crime, which is a very emotional topic and a very sensitive topic.
		So it wasn't a racist, it wasn't institutional racism, it was institutional non-supportism that sort of said if you can make it past all of these obstacles that we have put in your way, then you probably have what it takes to be a partner.
	www.nyec.org /racismpanel.htm (9997 words)

	Institutional Racism Still Oppresses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Orthodox racism is defined as any theory or belief that a person’s inherited physical characteristics, such as skin color, hair texture or facial features, determine human intellectual capacity and personality traits.
		However this is not the case with racism within institutions.
		In many ways these institutional manifestations of racism, in our electoral political institutions and the justice system, present a greater challenge for society to overcome than individual acts of racism.
	www.majorcox.com /columns/institut.htm (740 words)

	Diversity and Multiculturalism: The New Racism by Michael Berliner -- Capitalism Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Racism is the notion that one's race determines one's identity.
		The only way to eradicate racism on campus is to scrap racist programs and the philosophic ideas that feed racism.
		He was the executive director of the Ayn Rand Institute from its founding to January 2000.
	www.capmag.com /article.asp?ID=3425 (779 words)

	Summary Lecture: Race, Black Men, and the Law
		One of the concepts of social constructionism that applies here is the idea that individuals really have far less control over their identity development than we have presumed, in that so many of these unstated assumptions have been supported by privilege that they continue to shape much of the situatedness of our everyday lives.
		Institutional discrimination is that discrimination that occurs simply because the rules and expectations were set when some privileged group was in control.
		Institutional discrimination is far more complex and more difficult to combat than overt discrimination where there is a perpetrator.
	www.csudh.edu /dearhabermas/racelect01.htm (1872 words)

	Institutional Racism
		Yet, "racist" and "racism" are descriptive words of a reality that cannot be denied.
		Institutions can behave in ways that are overtly racist (i.e., specifically excluding people-of-color from services) or inherently racist (i.e., adopting policies that while not specifically directed at excluding people-of-color, nevertheless result in their exclusion).
		Institutional behavior can injure people-of-color; and, when it does, it is nonetheless racist in outcome if not in intent.
	academic.udayton.edu /race/intro.htm (315 words)

	eMJA: Institutional racism in Australian healthcare: a plea for decency (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Institutional racism “refers to the ways in which racist beliefs or values have been built into the operations of social institutions in such a way as to discriminate against, control and oppress various minority groups”.
		3 Often, institutional racism is covert or even unrecognised by the agents involved in it.
		It found that the investigation was marred by a combination of professional incompetence, institutional racism and a failure of leadership by senior officers.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/180_10_170504/hen10112_fm.html (2650 words)

	Race Instructional
		A social system or an institution is a subset of society, but it does the same thing-- sets out roles, rules of behaviour, and sorts and keeps people in them-- or out of them.
		Fitting racism as a social system into this framework, explaining how that system works, and developing visions for a decolonized, non- (or at least anti-) racist society is the purpose of this work.
		Racism is a caste system of hierarchically ordered races that uses economic, political, kinship, and especially cultural practices to maintain the separation and hierarchy of races.
	www.zmag.org /racewatch/znet_race_instructional.htm (1214 words)

	Institutional Racism
		“Institutional racism refers to a set of complex institutional arrangements and choices that restrict the life changes and choices of a socially defined racial group in comparison with those of the dominant group.” (D’souza: The End of Racism p.
		Institutional racism is in fact subtle, less visible, and less identifiable.
		Institutional racism deprives a racially identified group, equal access to a treatment in education, medical care, law, politics, housing, etc. (Schaefer 1996) Terms referring to racism are challenging words in our society.
	www.radessays.com /link.php?site=re&aff=r2c2&dest=viewpaper.php?request=2152 (266 words)

	institutional racism - personal prejudice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Such a person, in an environment of racism is ill-equipped to recognize or combat the evil of racism and may end up supporting it without knowing.
		The question then on the issue of institutional racism in America hinges on extraordinary Americans' commitment to devote open and forward effort to identify and combat it.
		Of all the major forces in our society, it is democracy which holds the greatest promise in combating institutional racism.
	www.mdcbowen.org /p2/rm/define/institutional.html (221 words)

	Institutional Racism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Here racism is said to be the product of the aims and, more likely, the implicit and subcultural rules of a social institution.
		The operational practices of the Police, and in particular what is referred to as its 'canteen culture', are said to act as structural imperatives which mean the institutional as a whole operates in a racist manner.
		Use the buttons to the right for details of the recent charge of institutional racism made against the Metropolitan Police as result of the inquiry into the murder of Stephen Lawrence in 1998 and the subsequent recommendations to the then Home Secretary, Jack Straw.
	www.sociologyonline.co.uk /soc_essays/pops/RacePop7.htm (154 words)

	Cannabis Culture Forums: I accuse! Institutional racism of drug reform.
		The unconscious institutional racism and politics involved in drug reform is not so obvious.
		It is amazing to me how discussion of racism and the drug war bring out people like you who try to discuss everything except how to stop the racism which is the root of the drug war.
		Institutional racism is the unconscious racism built into organizations or societies.
	www.cannabisculture.com /forums/showflat.php?Number=981425 (1501 words)

	Institutional Racism Project
		This project is a project-based learning opportunity for the young people and an important forum for them to inform us about their thinking and experiences with institutional racism.
		The letter asks employers to commit to being vigilant against institutional racism and it is also included in the Inaugural Issue of the magazine.
		The focus of the third issue is institutional racism within education institutions.
	www.nyec.org /racism_project.html (827 words)

	CERS - Anti-Racist Toolkit
		This toolkit is one of the major outcomes of a Department for Education and Skills funded Innovations project here in the Centre for Ethnicity and Racism Studies, Department of Sociology and Social Policy at the University of Leeds.
		Ownership of and responsibility for planning, action and outcomes, however, lie with the institutions themselves and not with the authors of this toolkit.
		This toolkit is free resource for institutions and individuals to use, providing that the authors are acknowledged.
	www.leeds.ac.uk /cers/toolkit/toolkit.htm (372 words)

	Institutional Racism — www.greenwood.com
		The book is unique in describing the history, statistical patterns, ideological disputation, and political underpinnings of institutional racism in a particular state, indeed one often thought to be relatively free from virulent forms of racism.
		The book concludes that White-constructed institutional racist policies, practices, and procedures persisted even when political power shifted after statehood in 1959 to affluent Japanese-Americans, who used the same forms of institutional racism to hold back Whites and poorer non-White ethnic groups.
		Although affirmative action is often improperly thought to involve quotas and reverse discrimination, the case of Hawaii shows that institutional racism can be dismantled through affirmative action without lowering standards of education, employment qualifications, and health care, instead, standards actually improved the benefit to all.
	www.greenwood.com /books/bookdetail.asp?sku=C3559 (212 words)

	Shark Blog: "Institutional Racism"
		Nevertheless, the board members assure us that institutional racism exists and that they will eliminate it, no matter how much it costs.
		That way there can't be "institutional racisim" because there won't be an "institution." If one thinks one's child is being treated unfairly (and handcuffing a teenager that's threatening you with bodily harm doesn't seem that unfair to me) one can take one's child out of said environment and put him/her in a more beneficial setting.
		Racism is the systematic institutionalized mistreatment of one group by another when the groups are differentiated by perceived or imputed skin color.
	www.usefulwork.com /shark/archives/002176.html (1155 words)

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