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Topic: Instrument flight rules

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Visual Flight Rules

Visual Flight Rules

Instrument rating

Air traffic control

Traffic Collision Avoidance System

Spatial disorientation

Visual meteorological conditions

Flight simulator

Avionics

NDB

Instrument Landing System

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	The Instrument Rating
		Along with new maneuvers go new regulations governing instrument flight rules that must be learned in along with flying.
		The same place you got your initial private license, almost all flight schools, big or small, can provide the instruction and the properly equipped aircraft for flight under instrument flight rules.
		Instrument training and flying is considered one of the most challenging but yet most rewarding phases of your flight training.
	www.private2atp.com /instrument.php (205 words)

	Visual flight rules - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Visual flight rules (VFR) are a set of aviation regulations under which a pilot may operate an aircraft, if weather conditions are sufficient to allow the pilot to visually control the aircraft's attitude, navigate, and maintain separation with obstacles such as terrain and other aircraft.
		If they are not met then the flight must be flown under instrument flight rules (IFR), the pilot must have an instrument rating and meet recency of experience requirements pertaining to instrument flight, and the aircraft must be equipped and type-certified for instrument flight.
		In some types of airspace, generally at higher altitudes, a flight must be flown under IFR regardless of the meterological conditions, as aircraft fly at high speeds at higher altitudes and the "see and avoid" method of avoiding conflicting traffic is less successful.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Visual_flight_rules (396 words)

	IFR
		Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) allow an aircraft to be flown in weather conditions that do not meet the minimum requirements for Visual Flight Rules (VFR).
		IFR flights can also be conducted when conditions are good enough for VFR.
		IFR is also the usual abbreviation for in-flight refueling.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/if/IFR.html (384 words)

	General Aviation Flying - Air Traffic Control - Flight Plans - Transponders
		Flight plans are not required for flights conducted under visual flight rules (VFR), in which pilots navigate using references on the ground.
		However, IFR flight plans are used by air traffic control (ATC) to reserve the time and location of use for any airspace needed by the aircraft operating under IFR.
		In case of radio failure during the IFR flight, pilots will follow the exact route in the IFR clearance, and ATC will anticipate their path, altitudes, and times along the route based upon a combination of the IFR flight plan and the IFR clearance issued by ATC to the pilot.
	www.gaservingamerica.com /how_work/work_atc.htm (1097 words)

	Glossary of Terms
		Flights that are destined to the affected airport are issued Expected Departure Clearance Times (EDCT) at their point of departure.
		Flights that are destined to the affected airport are held at their departure point for the duration of the Ground Stop.
		An approach conducted under Instrument Flight Rules that authorizes the pilot to proceed visually and clear of clouds to the airport.
	www.fly.faa.gov /Products/Glossary_of_Terms/glossary_of_terms.html (1551 words)

	I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		IFR AIRCRAFT- An aircraft conducting flight in accordance with instrument flight rules.
		INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE- A series of predetermined maneuvers for the orderly transfer of an aircraft under instrument flight conditions from the beginning of the initial approach to a landing or to a point from which a landing may be made visually.
		INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES [ICAO]- A set of rules governing the conduct of flight under instrument meteorological conditions.
	www.faa.gov /atpubs/PCG/I.HTM (1840 words)

	General Aviation Flying - Air Traffic Control - Flight Plans - Transponders
		Flight plans are not required for flights conducted under visual flight rules (VFR), in which pilots navigate using references on the ground.
		However, IFR flight plans are used by air traffic control (ATC) to reserve the time and location of use for any airspace needed by the aircraft operating under IFR.
		In case of radio failure during the IFR flight, pilots will follow the exact route in the IFR clearance, and ATC will anticipate their path, altitudes, and times along the route based upon a combination of the IFR flight plan and the IFR clearance issued by ATC to the pilot.
	www.gaservingamerica.org /how_work/work_atc.htm (1097 words)

	[No title]
		A flight test for an instrument rating or a competency check allows you to fly as pilot in command under IFR for a period of six calendar months, regardless of the hours you log.
		No flight plan or clearance is required for IFR flight in uncontrolled airspace (Class G), but you must follow the Instrument Flight Rules.
		IFR flight is mandatory in Class A airspace.
	www.americanflyers.net /free/section.asp?cid=101 (600 words)

	IFR
		Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) are rules that govern the procedures for conducting flight under instrument meteorological conditions (IMC).
		The instrument flight authorization is to be extended by the authorization to implement instrument flights with airplanes of those weight classes or types for which a practical auxiliary examination was put down according to the regulations of the §62.
		On the necessary instrument time exercises on an instrument flight training unit up to the extent of 20 hours are to be taken into account fully.
	www.flybernhard.de /ifr_e.htm (1920 words)

	PARTNERS @ Solberg - General Aviation Info - Aviation Definitions
		IFR - Instrument Flight Rules: When you are operating under instrument flight rules, you can fly in the clouds with no reference to the ground or horizon.
		This information can be accessed by pilots during their flight planning to be aware of the local weather conditions at their destination airport or at an enroute airport before they depart on their flight.
		A non precision instrument runway is used with an instrument approach that does not have an electronic glide slope for approach glide path information.
	www.partners-solberg.org /definitions.htm (1371 words)

	cars - Instrument flight rules
		Instrument flight rules (IFR) is a set of regulations and procedures for flying aircraft without the assumption that pilots will be able to see and avoid obstacles, terrain, and other air traffic; it is an alternative to Visual flight rules (VFR), where the pilot is primarily or exclusively responsible for see-and-avoid.
		One advantage of IFR is the ability to fly an aircraft in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), weather conditions that do not meet the minimum visibility requirements for VFR.
		It is important, however, not to confuse IFR with IMC: the vast majority of IFR flying is done under visual meteorological conditions, and in many cases, the pilot will be controlling the aircraft primarily by outside visual references, as with VFR.
	www.carluvers.com /cars/IFR (699 words)

	Instrument flight rules - Psychology Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The most important concept of IFR flying is that it allows continued flight operations in reduced visibility, during which time the ability of a pilot to physically see and avoid collision with other aircraft or obstacles is severely reduced, or even impossible.
		It is important, however, not to confuse IFR with IMC: the vast majority of IFR flying is done under visual meteorological conditions (VMC), and in many cases, the pilot will be controlling the aircraft primarily by outside visual references, as with VFR.
		All instrument approaches have minimum altitudes: if it is not possible to complete a landing visually from the specified altitude (decision height) and location, the pilot must commence a missed approach and return to en route flight.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/IFR (1046 words)

	RAC - 9.0 INSTRUMENT ARRIVAL FLIGHT RULES (IFR) — ARRIVAL PROCEDURES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Pilots who choose to proceed to the instrument procedure fix via a route that is off an airway, air route or transition are responsible for maintaining the appropriate obstacle clearance, complying with noise abatement procedures and remaining clear of Class F airspace.
		Pilots operating aircraft under IFR into an uncontrolled aerodrome in uncontrolled airspace when the weather conditions at the aerodrome could permit VFR circuit operations are expected to approach and land on the active runway that may be established by the aircraft operating in the VFR circuit.
		Circling is the term used to describe an IFR procedure that is conducted by visually manuvring an aircraft, after completing an instrument approach, into position for landing on a runway which is not suitably located for a straight-in landing (not usually applicable to rotorcraft).
	www.tc.gc.ca /CivilAviation/publications/tp14371/RAC/9-1.htm (11450 words)

	Atlas Aviation - Pilot/Contoller Glossary
		IFR MILITARY TRAINING ROUTES (IR)- Routes used by the Department of Defense and associated Reserve and Air Guard units for the purpose of conducting low-altitude navigation and tactical training in both IFR and VFR weather conditions below 10,000 feet MSL at airspeeds in excess of 250 knots IAS.
		INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES- Rules governing the procedures for conducting instrument flight.
		INSTRUMENT RUNWAY- A runway equipped with electronic and visual navigation aids for which a precision or nonprecision approach procedure having straight-in landing minimums has been approved.
	www.atlasaviation.com /AviationLibrary/Glossary/Glossary_I-Terms.htm (1816 words)

	EPA: Federal Register: Special Operating Rules for the Conduct of Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) Area Navigation (RNAV) ...
		In addition, instrument flight rules (IFR) area navigation (RNAV) procedures are being introduced that enable participants to conduct IFR operations on published routes, improving overall safety and capacity.
		Section 91.711(c)(1)(ii) requires foreign civil aircraft operating within the United States and conducting IFR operations to be equipped with radio navigational equipment appropriate to the navigational signals to be used and does not accommodate the use of RNAV systems for instrument flight rules operations.
		However, if an agency determines that a proposed or final rule is not expected to have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities, section 605(b) of the RFA provides that the head of the agency may so certify and a regulatory flexibility analysis is not required.
	www.epa.gov /fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2003/January/Day-24/i1601.htm (5974 words)

	New Page 1
		Flight simulators have the ability to chart your course, simulate en-route and landing wind conditions, as well as simulate light to severe turbulence.
		Most of your flight training will be done in VFR conditions, while you are under the hood or foggles (a device that will obscure your vision outside of the aircraft).
		Also, as your instrument flight training begins and you are familiar with approaches, you can use this other pilot as a "safety pilot" thus reducing the cost of having a flight instructor on board.
	www.theneac.com /instrumentrating.htm (2906 words)

	The Herald - local (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Instrument flight rules flying requires a higher licensing level and radio contact between the plane and airport alerting the airport of the impending landing, federal officials have said.
		Sullivan said he did not know he was the only one on board with an instrument flight rating and was not asked to be a flight instructor.
		Sullivan can appeal the NTSB ruling and is taking the right steps to do so if he wants to be able to fly in the future, said Mike Hynes, who runs a Frederick, Okla., aviation consulting business that does investigations for pilots and their lawyers after crashes.
	www.heraldonline.com /local/story/5585325p-5022727c.html (1268 words)

	Navigation Tutorial Page 11 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Flights are conducted using Visual Flight Rules (VFR) or Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) depending on the weather conditions.
		For the flight portion Norm proposes a flight from Air Park-Dallas to Terrell (TRL) using pilotage and a handheld GPS receiver.
		Before the flight Mert will preflight the aircraft, plot the course, name the headings and altitudes to be flown and fill out a Flight Plan form.
	virtualskies.arc.nasa.gov /navigation/tutorial/tutorial11.html (750 words)

	AIRSPACE ► ► AIRSPACE THEORY CLASS A AIRPACE CLASS B AIRSPACE CLASS C AIRSPACE AND MORE AIRSPACES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		VFR means "Visual Flight Rules" as a VFR Pilot you are flying the aircraft using the Horizon as a reference to the aircrafts attitude whilst navigating by the ground features you can see from the air.
		Flight into clouds causes the pilot to loose reference to the horizon and control of the aircraft.
		Without sufficient instrumentation and training in instrument flight procedures (IFR) both pilot and aircraft are doomed to fall foul of Spatial Disorientation.
	www.worldofaircraft.net /airspace.htm (4430 words)

	AOPA Flight Training - How It All Works: Airspace
		All flights in Class A airspace are conducted under instrument flight rules (IFR); therefore pilots must hold an instrument rating and be on an active IFR flight plan.
		An instrument rating is not required; pilots may operate under visual flight rules (VFR) in Class B airspace as long as they remain clear of the clouds and have at least three miles of in-flight visibility.
		Pilots flying under visual flight rules (VFR) in Class C airspace must have at least three miles of visibility.
	flighttraining.aopa.org /learntofly/overview/airspace.cfm (1152 words)

	Flight Rules
		These flight rules are not a substitute for the offical FAA approved weather briefing.
		IFR is ceiling less than 1,000 feet AGL and/or visibility less than 3 miles while LIFR is a sub-category of IFR.
		VFR is ceiling greater than or equal to 1,000 feet AGL and visibility greater than or equal to 3 miles while MVFR is a sub-category of VFR.
	www.usairnet.com /weather/flightrules (71 words)

	En Route (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Services include separating instrument flight rules aircraft, monitoring traffic flow, implementing traffic management initiatives, issuing traffic and weather advisories, coordinating special use airspace, and providing emergency assistance.
		Instrument flight rules aircraft are separately provided vertical and horizontal spacing between aircraft to ensure conflict-free flight paths.
		Traffic advisory services are provided to all aircraft operating under instrument flight rules, and when requested, to aircraft under visual flight rules.
	www.faa.gov /AUA/ipt_prod/enroute1.htm (255 words)

	County Rescue Services Eagle III
		IFR, however, will not allow flight within the vicinity of thunderstorms or into conditions that allow for ice to form on the aircraft during flight, as these conditions remain dangerous to any aircraft.
		Having IFR certification, on the average, allows the EC-135 aircraft to complete 25% of those flights that would otherwise have been turned down due to weather conditions near either the sending or receiving facility.
		Under IFR, we are authorized to depart with ½ mile visibility and landing criterion is based on the published instrument approach procedure at the airport that we are flying to.
	www.eagle3.org /about_eagle3/IFR (521 words)

	Approach: IFR in the cockpit - Instrument Flight Rules, landing a plane blind
		Approach: IFR in the cockpit - Instrument Flight Rules, landing a plane blind
		IFR in the cockpit - Instrument Flight Rules, landing a plane blind
		The ADC in the Hornet provides pilot static and barometric inputs to the flight instruments.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0FKE/is_2_48/ai_99697016 (1043 words)

	Instrument flight rules - TheBestLinks.com - IFR, Aircraft, Radar, Visual flight rules, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		IFR, Instrument flight rules, Aircraft, Radar, Visual flight rules, Air traffic...
		In airspace designated as controlled airspace, the pilot must file an IFR flight plan and obtain an IFR clearance prior to entering.
		When weather conditions permit, the pilot is responsible for seeing and avoiding other aircraft even though ATC may be providing aircraft separation service.
	www.thebestlinks.com /IFR.html (449 words)

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