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Topic: Instrument meteorological conditions

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	Instrument flight rules - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) is a set of regulations and procedures for flying aircraft without the assumption that pilots will be able to see and avoid obstacles, terrain, and other air traffic; it is an alternative to Visual flight rules (VFR), where the pilot is primarily or exclusively responsible for see-and-avoid.
		In such conditions the pilot will control the attitude of the aircraft by watching the flight instruments, and will rely entirely on ATC for separation (though large airliners and, increasingly, smaller aircraft now carry their own terrain- and collision-avoidance systems such as TCAS).
		It is important, however, not to confuse IFR with IMC: the vast majority of IFR flying is done under visual meteorological conditions, and in many cases, the pilot will be controlling the aircraft primarily by outside visual references, as with VFR.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/IFR (737 words)

	Instrument meteorological conditions - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) are weather conditions that require aircraft pilots to fly primarily by reference to instruments rather than outside visual references, as they could in Visual meteorological conditions (VMC).
		National regulations define the boundary between IMC and VMC, based on visibility and either ceiling (on the ground) or distance from cloud.
		It is important not to confuse IMC with Instrument flight rules (IFR) -- "IMC" describes the actual weather conditions, while "IFR" describes the rules under which the aircraft is flying.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Instrument_meteorological_conditions (172 words)

	IFR. Who is IFR? What is IFR? Where is IFR? Definition of IFR. Meaning of IFR.
		Instrument flight rules (IFR) allow an aircraft to be flown in weather conditions that do not meet the minimum requirements for visual flight rules (VFR).
		In such conditions the pilot will control the attitude, altitude, and course of the aircraft by watching the flight instruments.
		The pilot must have an instrument rating and meet recency of experience requirements pertaining to instrument flight.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/IFR (385 words)

	Virtual Skies Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		IFR conditions for fixed wing aircraft means the minimum cloud ceiling is greater than 500 feet and less than 1,000 feet and/or visibility is greater than 1 mile and less than 3 miles.
		IMC (Instrument Meteorological Conditions) - Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from clouds, and ceiling less than the minimum specified for VMC.
		instrument weather conditions - Weather conditions that include reduced visibility and cloud ceilings that require a pilot to fly by reference to his or her cockpit instruments.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /projects/aero/virtualskies/glossary/I.html (611 words)

	Noise 101 Frequently Used Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Instrument Approach - A series of predetermined maneuvers for the orderly transfer of an aircraft under instrument flight conditions from the beginning of the initial approach to a landing, or to a point from which a landing may be made visually.
		Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) - That portion of the Federal Air Regulations (14 CFR 91) specifying the procedures to be used by aircraft during flight in Instrument Meteorological Conditions.
		Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC) - Weather conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from clouds, and cloud ceilings during which all aircraft are required to operate using instrument flight rules (IFR).
	oharenoise.org /noise101terms.html (1721 words)

	Pilot's Web The Aviators' Journal - Aviation Terms - I
		INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURE- A series of predetermined maneuvers for the orderly transfer of an aircraft under instrument flight conditions from the beginning of the initial approach to a landing or to a point from which a landing may be made visually.
		Special instrument approach procedures are approved by the FAA for individual operators but are not published in Part 97 for public use.
		INSTRUMENT METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS- Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling less than the minima specified for visual meteorological conditions.
	pilotsweb.com /pcg/pcg_i.htm (1816 words)

	Operational Evolution Plan
		Instrument approach procedures will be published for most runway ends capable of supporting them.
		Category II - Category II operation is a precision instrument approach and landing with a decision height lower than 200 feet (60 meters), but not lower than 100 feet (30 meters), and with a runway visual range of not less than 1,200 feet (350 meters).
		Category III – Category III operation is a precision instrument approach and landing with a decision height lower than 100 feet (30 meters) or no decision height, and with a runway visual range less than 1,200 feet (350 meters).
	www.faa.gov /programs/oep/Archive/v5/aw-1a.htm (1827 words)

	Terminal Area Productivity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The mission of the TAP program is to achieve the same level of airport capacity and safety associated with clear-weather operation during instrument meteorological conditions.
		In instrument conditions, only one runway may be used, or the two runways may be used with airplane spacing equivalent to the spacing used for a single runway.
		Taxi speed can be increased at night and in low visibility conditions by a computer-generated vision of the runway and taxiway ahead which may be provided by a Head-Up Display (HUD) and by a moving map of the airfield that shows the relative position of multiple aircraft.
	www.asc.nasa.gov /tap (571 words)

	Glossary for Pilots and Air Traffic Services Personnel - I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		These conditions are usually characterized by visible moisture in the air and temperatures around the freezing level.
		On a pressure or barometric altimeter, it is altitude as shown uncorrected for instrument error and uncompensated for variation from standard atmospheric conditions.
		Restricted meteorological conditions in which control of an aircraft in flight (other than a balloon) is required to be maintained solely by reference to aircraft flight instruments.
	www.tc.gc.ca /CivilAviation/RegServ/terminology/glossary/I.htm (1256 words)

	Wings of the Cascades
		Instrument flight into any meteorological conditions contrary to the certification of the aircraft are expressly prohibited.
		Prior to any flight in instrument meteorological conditions by an instrument rated pilot, the pilot must show written evidence of instrument flight rules (IFR) currency.
		Unless the pilot is fully IFR rated and current, the pilot will only operate the aircraft in areas where the present and/or forecasted weather conditions have a minimum three thousand (3,000) foot ceiling and at least seven (7) miles visibility.
	www.wingscascades.com /rentalpolicy.htm (1405 words)

	Instrument Pilot
		Although the Robinson helicopter is not certified to fly in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), the skills you learn during your training can be applied to everyday flying and in the helicopters you may fly later in your career.
		Many employers require an instrument rating because instrument pilots are safer pilots.
		You must possess either a private or commercial helicopter pilot certificate, meet the SFAR 73 requirements, and be endorsed to act as pilot in command of the Robinson R22 to enroll in the Instrument course.
	www.advancedhelicopter.com /pages/instrumentpilot.html (179 words)

	Weather Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		An instrument used to determine the altitude of an object with respect to a fixed level.
		A severe weather condition characterized by low temperatures, winds 35 mph or greater, and sufficient falling and/or blowing snow in the air to frequently reduce visibility to1/4 mile or less for a duration of at least 3 hours.
		In meteorology, the evaluation of one or more meteorological elements, such as temperature, pressure, or wind, that describe the state of the atmosphere, either at the earth's surface or aloft.
	www.nkelectronics.com /ww/info/infoindex.html (6058 words)

	IFR Instrument Rating
		The curriculum stresses the use of instruments in both the basic control of the aircraft as well as in navigation.
		For the career pilot, the Instrument Rating is another step in acquiring the skills necessary to become employable in the job market.
		Cross-country and instrument time acquired during the acquisition of a PPL or CPL can be applied towards the time required for the issuance of the Instrument Rating.
	www.kingstonflyingclub.com /training_instrument_rating.htm (402 words)

	IMC - Internet Mail Connector, Internet Message Center
		Instrument Meteorological Conditions, requires aircraft to fly under IFR.
		Instrument Meteorological Conditions - Meteorological conditions under which the outside view is restricted in such a way that aircraft control and navigation can only be done using special flight instruments (see IFR).
		Weather conditions which require pilots to fly with the aid of cockpit navigation and/or landing instruments.
	www.auditmypc.com /acronym/IMC.asp (246 words)

	Plane & Pilot Magazine \| Feature Articles \| Keeping The Blue Side Up
		The only two options are to stay out of conditions that deprive us of adequate visibility or learn to use flight instruments to compensate for absent visual cues outside the aircraft.
		If IMC is encountered, scan your instruments, pay the most attention to the attitude indicator and execute a 180-degree turn.
		Tests of qualified instrument pilots have found that once visual reference to the Earth is lost, it can take as long as 35 seconds to establish full control by instruments—more than enough time to become disoriented and start to lose control of an aircraft.
	www.planeandpilotmag.com /content/2002/aug/bluesideup.html (1683 words)

	IMC Rating at BCT Aviation Kemble Flying School, Kemble, Gloucester (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Instrument Meteorological Conditions Rating (IMC) is an enhancement to the privileges of the holder of a JAA PPL (A).
		Before commencing IMC training the applicant will have to satisfy his/her training school that their existing instrument and general flying skills are to standard.
		IMC training, examinations, and tests can be taken at BCT.
	www.bctair.co.uk /imc.html (173 words)

	Pilot error, inexperience cited in fatal 2002 crash
		He had accrued a total of 37 hours in instrument conditions and 82 in simulated conditions during his flying career.
		The NTSB report noted the pilot's son said his father normally filed instrument flight rules plans and flew in the instrument rules "system" to stay current with instrument procedures and controller phraseology but as a rule avoided flying in actual instrument meteorological conditions.
		In poor conditions, pilots are typically required to file flight plans, fly by instrument and be guided by controllers.
	www.casperstartribune.net /articles/2003/11/05/news/wyoming/4bd4f596110e7ce657f9c68b50e51558.txt (493 words)

	Monterey Peninsula Airport Area Aircraft Crashes and Incidents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Instrument meteorological conditions prevailed and the aircraft was operating on an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan.
		Visual meteorological conditions existed for the scheduled domestic passenger flight and an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan was filed.
		An instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan was filed and instrument meteorological conditions prevailed at the airport at the time of the accident.
	www.cityofcarmelvalley.com /MAN/montereyincidents.html (2027 words)

	DESCARTES, RENE (1596-1650) - Online Information article about DESCARTES, RENE (1596-1650)
		Having thus perfected the instrument, his next step was to apply it in such a way as to bring uniformity of method into the isolated and independent operations of geometry.
		The disturbing conditions of will, life and organic forces are eliminated from the problem; he starts with the clear and distinct idea of extension, figured and moved, and thence by mathematical laws he gives a hypothetical explanation of all things.
		In the range of perception, intellect is subjected to the material conditions of sense, memory and imagination; and in infancy, when the will has allowed itself to assent precipitately to the conjunctions presented to it by these material processes, thought has become filled with obscure ideas.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /DEM_DIO/DESCARTES_RENE_1596_1650_.html (11800 words)

	1999 Formal Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Meteorological radiosondes that use navigation systems to determine winds (and horizontal location) can be susceptible to data loss in thunderstorm environments.
		Results indicate that the accuracy of the ensemble mean is comparable to that from the 29 km mesoscale eta model for both mandatory level data and the 36 h forecast cyclone position.
		Calculations of spread indicate that at 36 and 48 h the spread from initial conditions created using the breeding of growing modes technique is larger than the spread from initial conditions created using different analyses.
	www.nssl.noaa.gov /papers/formal/1999formal.html (7603 words)

	CFII Instrument Class
		Its objectives are to review instrument rating purposes, limitations and requirements, to introduce the student to proper instrument interpretation, scan, and to emphasize reliance on instrument indications to the exclusion of kinesthetic sensations.
		The purpose is to gauge the student's progress to date in the areas of attitude instrument flying and basic instrument navigation skills, and to provide the student's instructor with written feedback on the student's readiness for introduction of instrument approach procedures.
		Recognizing and avoiding adverse weather, dealing with a loss of communication, accommodating instrument failures, and executing a diversion to an alternate airport are among the circumstances that will be simulated during this flight.
	www.applelaneinn.com /flyingaces/class.htm (1651 words)

	IMC (Instrument Meteorological Conditions ) Rating (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		An Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC) Rating extends the privileges of a PPL(A) holder to allow flight as Pilot-in-Command when out of sight of the surface, when in IMC conditions, and, in class D or E airspace in circumstances which require compliance with Instrument Flight Rules (IFR).
		The minimum course requirements includes fifteen (15) hours training in instrument flying, two (2) of these hours may be in our Frasca flight simulator.
		A minimum of ten (10) of the hours shall be flown by sole reference to instruments alone.
	www.southwarwickshireflyingschool.com /imcrating.htm (228 words)

	AllRefer.com - weather balloon, Meteorological Instrument (Meteorological Instruments) - Encyclopedia
		Information may be gathered during the vertical ascent of the balloon through the atmosphere or during its motions once it has reached a predetermined maximum altitude.
		Today, atmospheric information is most often gathered by height-finding radar, remote sensing by earth-orbiting or stationary satellites, and aircraft instruments, with weather balloons augmenting the data.
		A small parachute lowers the instruments to the ground.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/W/weatherb.html (416 words)

	European Flight Training \| Modular Training \| IMC Rating
		The Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC) rating is highly recommended for anyone who intends flying frequently in the UK.
		However, one of the main advantages of attaining the IMC rating for non-UK based students is that it provides a strong foundation of theoretical and flight training prior to commencing the Commercial Pilot's Licence and the Instrument Rating.
		The IMC rating does not give you additional privileges to your PPL with regards to flying in airways (Class A airspace), and you are still more restricted than if you hold a full instrument rating.
	www.flyeft.com /modular/imc.html (489 words)

	New Page 1
		An instrument rating is known as an "add on" to your private pilot certificate.
		This is a little longer that the average private pilot lesson primarily because of its complexity and amount of detail necessary to accomplish everything under instrument or simulated instrument conditions.
		Also, as your instrument flight training begins and you are familiar with approaches, you can use this other pilot as a "safety pilot" thus reducing the cost of having a flight instructor on board.
	www.theneac.com /instrumentrating.htm (2919 words)

	Border Air Training - Courses/Training and Costs
		The CAA Instrument Meteorological Conditions Rating is normally the next step after completing your JAR-PPL(A).
		With this rating you are permitted to fly in conditions that would otherwise leave the VFR pilot "grounded".
		The CAA Night Rating course permits the you to fly during the hours of darkness, conditions which again would see the VFR pilot "grounded".
	www.bat.flyer.co.uk /bathtml/bat0040.html (167 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The main difference to the VOR is that if you were to fly inbound an NDB in a strong crosswind you would actually spiral your way in even if the needle was pointing forward all the time.
		The ILS which typically is installed at the runway of an airport and let you fly an precision instrument approach for landing.
		If you want to fly straight to a beacon using this instrument you turn so the needle points upwards, which means you are heading the same way as the location of the beacon.
	www.euro-downloads.com /ifr.doc (2864 words)

	Aviation South West - The IMC Rating (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		It includes 15 hours of flying training and at least 10 hours of ground school, approximately 1.5 hours flight test and 1 written exam.
		You will cover flight on instruments with full and partial panel, recoveries from unusual attitudes (it's the aircraft that is in an unusual attitude, not the instructor!) and the whole gamut of holds, procedural approaches, and ILS and NDB arrivals.
		We operate from an airport that is big enough to have full ATC and Instrument services but small enough to be friendly and helpful.
	www.egte.com /imc.htm (159 words)

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