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Topic: Instrument of Government (1809)

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	INSTRUMENT OF GOVERNMENT - Online Information article about INSTRUMENT OF GOVERNMENT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The nominated parliament abdicated on the 12th of December 1653, and after certain emendations the Instrument was accepted by Cromwell on the 16th.
		practical effect of the Instrument was to entrust the government of the three countries to the parliament for five months out of every three years, and to the protector and the council for the See also:
		He concluded by stating that they would be excluded unless they subscribed a recognition to be true to the protector and the commonwealth, and to respect the terms of clause XII.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /I27_INV/INSTRUMENT_OF_GOVERNMENT.html (1354 words)

	Instrument of Government (1809) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Instrument of Government, or Regeringsformen, adopted on June 6, 1809 by the Riksdag of the Estates was the constitution of Sweden from 1809 to 1974.
		The aged and childless brother of Gustav III, Charles XIII was made king in 1809, but he was a mere puppet in the hands of parliament and the question of his successor had to be solved.
		In 1975, it was replaced by a new Instrument of Government, which made Sweden also formally a parliamentary monarchy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Instrument_of_Government_(1809) (447 words)

	Riksdag
		Under the Instrument of Government of 1809 the Riksdag shared the powers of Government with the King.
		From the second half of the 19th century, when the Riksdag was founded, until the early 20th century Swedish society underwent a number of fundamental changes that impacted on political system.
		In 1974 a new Instrument of Government was established as the vital part of the Constitution, and for the system of Government.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ri/Riksdag.html (703 words)

	Government and Politics
		The Riksdag Act and the Instrument of Government, wich were enacted in 1974 and took effect in January 1975, are, in effect, a new constitution, replacing the constitution of 1809.
		Government policy-making is in the hands of 13 deparments directed by cabinet ministers.
		It participated in nonsocialist coalition governments from 1976 to 1981, and its leader, Carl Bildt, was Sweden's prime minister from 1991 to 1994, the first Moderate in the post since 1930.
	members.tripod.com /~worldsite/sweden/govern.html (1766 words)

	Sweden GOVERNMENT
		Sweden developed as a constitutional monarchy under the constitution of 1809, which remained in effect until 1 January 1975, when a new instrument of government replaced it.
		Interim national elections may be called by the government between regular elections, but the mandate of the interim election is valid only for the remaining portion of the regular four-year parliamentary term of office.
		The cabinet as a whole is responsible for all government decisions and must defend the their legislative agenda in the plenary sessions of the Riksdag.
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Europe/Sweden-GOVERNMENT.html (595 words)

	Instruments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The instrument originated in the early 16th century as a member of a whole family of instruments, of different sizes and with varying compasses, known as 'viole da braccio'.
		The principal factors governing the development of cello playing technique were its structural and functional membership in the violin family and the size necessitated by its compass, which inevitably led to some approximation to viol technique; the cello could only be played upright, like the viola da gamba.
		The original instruments were made in one piece, but modern copies are usually made in two pieces for convenience, often joined by a brass or wooden ring at the base of the head joint.
	www.ncconsort.org /ncconsort/Instruments/Instruments.htm (12031 words)

	Constitution of Sweden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Parliamentarian Instrument of Government of 6 June 1974 grants the power to commission a Prime Minister to the Riksdag (Parliament) at the suggestion of the Speaker of the Riksdag.
		The first constitutional Instrument of Government was enacted in 1719, marking the transition from Autocracy to Parliamentarism.
		When Sweden was split in 1809, and the Grand Duchy of Finland was created as an autonomous part of the Russian Empire, this "Constitutional Autocracy" was very well fitted, and remained in force until Finland's independence in 1917.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Constitution_of_Sweden (1275 words)

	freedominfo.org: features - legislative transparency - sweden
		In 1809 a new Instrument of Government was adopted in Sweden.
		Government bills, written communications from the Government, submissions and reports from a Riksdag body other than a committee and private members' motions shall be referred to a committee for preparation.
		The Government may not conclude an international agreement which is binding upon the Realm without Riksdag approval, if the agreement presupposes the amendment or abrogation of an act of law or the enactment of a new act of law, or if it otherwise concerns a matter which it is for the Riksdag to determine.
	www.freedominfo.org /features/leg-sweden.htm (6148 words)

	Instrument of Government (1809): Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Instrument of Government, or Regeringsformen, adopted on June 6, 1809 by the Riksdag of the Estates (Riksdag of the Estates: the riksdag of the estates, or ståndsriksdagen, was the name used for the estates of...
		The Instrument of Government of 1809 replaced the Instrument of Government (Instrument of Government: swedens constitution of 1772 took effect through a bloodless coup détat carried out...
		In 1970 the parliament was transformed from a bicameral (bicameral: in government, bicameralism is the practice of having two legislative or parliamentary...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/instrument_of_government_1809 (683 words)

	The Swedish System of Government - SWEDEN.SE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Government consideration of appeals in cases not dealt with by the courts.
		All Government bills and important statements by ministers (for example, replies to questions by members of the Riksdag) to be presented to the Riksdag are circulated in advance to the other members of the Cabinet so that they may express their views.
		All government agency files are available to the public unless they have been classified as secret under the provisions of the Secrecy Act for reasons related to national security, international relations or the privacy of individuals.
	www.sweden.se /templates/cs/FactSheet____11493.aspx (4315 words)

	Instrument of Government (1809) at AllExperts
		The Instrument of Government, or Regeringsformen, adopted on June 6, 1809 by the Riksdag of the Estates was the constitution of Sweden from 1809 to 1974.
		The aged and childless brother of Gustav III, Charles XIII was made king in 1809, but he was a mere puppet in the hands of parliament and the question of his successor had to be solved.
		In 1975, it was replaced by a new Instrument of Government, which made Sweden also formally a parliamentary monarchy.
	en.allexperts.com /e/i/in/instrument_of_government_(1809).htm (476 words)

	Swedish Government
		The Swedish Constitution consists of four separate documents: the Instrument of Government (Regeringsformen) passed in 1974, the Act of Succession (Successionsordningen) dating from 1810, the Freedom of the Press Act (Tryckfrihetsförordningen) of 1949 (originating from 1766), and the Freedom of Expression Act (Yttrandefrihetsgrundlagen) of 1991.
		An important feature of the working methods of the Government is that all bills to be presented and important ministerial pronouncements (answers to questions, etc.) to be made in Parliament on behalf of the Government, are circulated beforehand to all ministers for their written comments.
		The county governors are appointed by the Government for six-year terms; they are often chosen from among politicians but normally leave the political scene upon their appointment.
	www.bolag.org /english/sweden/general/e-s-g-government.htm (4412 words)

	Ombudsman: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		An ombudsman doesn't necessarily have to be appointed by government; for instance they may work for a corporation, a newspaper, an NGO (NGO: An organization that is not part of the local or state or federal government), or even for the general public.
		The office of the Parliamentary Ombudsman was established by the Instrument of Government (Instrument of Government: the instrument of government, or regeringsformen, adopted on june 6, 1809 by...
		The post of Ombudsman (Ombudsman: A government appointee who investigates complaints by private persons against the government) was established in New Zealand in 1962, with the aegis of investigation of complaints against government departments.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/ombudsman (1196 words)

	Russian
		All transactions with the government, including tariffs and taxes, were to be set in silver rubles, but payments could be made in paper rubles at the fixed exchange rate.
		During this time, however, the government was able to avoid printing paper currency to cover the deficit by arranging for several large domestic and international loans.
		Government revenues also increased, which, for the first time in many years, allowed to pay back some of the outstanding debt.
	som.yale.edu /~drey/rusbonds/rus_ms.htm (4700 words)

	Sweden (01/07)
		Constitution: The Swedish Constitution is based on four fundamental laws: the Instrument of Government (originally dating from June 6, 1809), the Act of Succession (1810), the Freedom of the Press Act (1949), and the Riksdag Act.
		Following partial reforms in 1968 and 1969, a new Instrument of Government and a new Riksdag Act were adopted in 1973 and 1974, and the revised Constitution came into force on January 1, 1975, replacing the Acts of 1809, 1866, and 1949.
		Instead, the government chose to present the treaty for approval (or otherwise) in the Riksdag; legislation was to be presented by September 2005, with a view to adoption in December of that year.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/2880.htm (4980 words)

	Jefferson on Politics & Government: Civil Rights
		Rights that are not specifically identified for protection are not assumed to be under the jurisdiction of government, however; they are retained by the people and are exercised as an element of their individual self-governance.
		There are instruments so dangerous to the rights of the nation and which place them so totally at the mercy of their governors that those governors, whether legislative or executive, should be restrained from keeping such instruments on foot but in well-defined cases.
		In a nation governed by the people themselves, the possession of arms to defend their nation against usurpers within and without was deemed absolutely necessary.
	etext.virginia.edu /jefferson/quotations/jeff1500.htm (2067 words)

	Politics of Sweden
		The Government of Sweden is a limited constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system.
		The most important is The Instrument of Government of 1974 which it sets out the basic principles for political life in Sweden defining rights and freedoms.
		The executive authority of the government is vested in the cabinet, which consists of a Prime Minister and roughly 20 Ministers who run the government departments.
	www.fastload.org /po/Politics_of_Sweden.html (540 words)

	The Avalon Project : Confederate States of America - Message to Congress April 29, 1861 (Ratification of the ...
		To inaugurate the Government in its full proportions and upon its own substantial basis of the popular will, it only remains that elections should be held for the designation of the officers to administer it.
		He was permitted to retire with the honors of war, to salute his flag, to depart freely with all his command, and was escorted to the vessel in which he embarked with the highest marks of respect from those against whom his guns had been so recently directed.
		Having been officially notified by the public authorities of the State of Virginia that she had withdrawn from the Union and desired to maintain the closest political relations with us which it was possible at this time to establish, I commissioned the Hon.
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/csa/m042961.htm (3595 words)

	Anarchism and Anarcho-Syndicalism
		Anarcho-Syndicalists are convinced that a socialist economic order cannot be created by the decrees and statutes of any government, but only by the unqualified collaboration of the workers, technicians and peasants to carry on production and distribution by their own administration in the interest of the community and on the basis of mutual agreements.
		It was the passive and lifeless attitude of the organised workers in other countries, who put up with the policy of non-intervention of their governments that led to the defeat of the Spanish workers and peasants after a heroic struggle of more than two and one half years.
		Governments have always employed every means in their power to prevent the attainment of these rights or render them illusory.
	www.ucc.ie /acad/appsoc/tmp_store/mia/Library/reference/archive/rocker-rudolf/misc/anarchism-anarcho.htm (11870 words)

	The Louisiana Purchase 1803
		In a popular government where she has many friends, it may not be difficult for her to prevent its success, nor will she hesitate to make important sacrifices to defeat this object —...
		The government of Spain has protested against the right of France to transfer; and it is possible she may refuse possession, and that this may bring on acts of force.
		The Government of the United States engages to pay to the French government in the manner Specified in the following article, the sum of Sixty millions of francs, independent of the Sum which Shall be fixed by another Convention for the payment of the debts due by France to citizens of the United States.
	www.napoleon-series.org /research/government/diplomatic/c_louisiana.html (3738 words)

	Finland - THE RUSSIAN GRAND DUCHY OF FINLAND, 1809-1917 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The official forms of government inherited from the era of Swedish absolutism were sufficiently autocratic to allow the tsar to accept them largely intact; however, included in these forms of government was the comprehensive law code of 1734 that protected individual rights.
		The chief instrument of government in the grand duchy was the Government Council, renamed in 1816 the Senate, which was composed of fourteen Finns appointed by the tsar.
		Although the government of the grand duchy represented an uneasy balance between the traditions of Finnish self-government and those of Russian autocracy, as long as the Russians respected the balance, the Finnish people were satisfied.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-4572.html (540 words)

	Documents upon the ContinentaI System 1806
		Monroe that the French Government having issued certain orders, which, in violation of the usages of war, purport to prohibit the commerce of all neutral nations with His Majesty's dominions, and also to prevent such nations from trading with any other country in any articles, the growth, produce, or manufacture of His Majesty's dominions.
		And the said Government having also taken upon itself to declare all His Majesty¹s dominions to be in a state of blockade, at a time when the fleets of France and her allies are themselves confined within their own ports by the superior valor and discipline of the British navy.
		These measures, which are only a just retaliation against the barbarous system adopted by the English government, which models its legislation upon that of Algiers, shall cease to have any effect in the case of those nations which shall force the English to respect their flags.
	www.napoleon-series.org /research/government/diplomatic/c_continental.html (1991 words)

	1809 - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar).
		February 20 - A decision by the Supreme Court of the United States states that the power of the federal government is greater than any individual state.
		April 19 - Battle of Raszyn between armies of Austria (attackers) and Duchy of Warsaw (defenders) as a part of struggles of the Fifth Coalition (1809).
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/1809 (530 words)

	Robert Peel, Sir Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		By making government a positive instrument in social reform and by his pragmatic approach to social and political problems, Peel also made an important contribution to shaping the philosophy of the modern Conservative party.
		Peel's first government is notable mainly in that it allowed him to redefine Tory goals, particularly in the Tamworth Manifesto, which he issued to his constituents on the eve of the general election.
		By 1841, however, the Whig government had reached the end of the road, and the Queen was forced to accept Peel as her prime minister.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/robert-peel-sir (1699 words)

	CONSTITUTION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The matters of government which are to be considered matters of military command shall be determined by a law enacted by the King and the Riksdag jointly.
		Should the King die before the heir apparent has reached this age, the government shall be carried on in conformity with Article 39, until the Riksdag assembles and the regency established by it has assumed the government; the regent or the council of state shall conform strictly to this instrument of government.
		In all cases, when the government of the country in accordance with the present and the three preceding articles is being carried on by the council of state all the members thereof shall be present and vote, unless legitimately prevented.
	faculty.weber.edu /lsather/constitution.htm (7411 words)

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