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Topic: Instrument of Government 1721

	Prime Minister - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential system of government, a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the President.
		Until the early 20th century governments when defeated in a general election remained in power until their Speech from the Throne was defeated and then resigned.
		The term, widely used in political science worldwide, draws a distinction between a head of government who is merely a facitator and co-ordinator of a cabinet (the "chairman"), and those who lead it forcefully from the front, setting its policy agenda and requiring all ministers to follow the leader's policies (the "chief").
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Prime_Minister (2905 words)

	Vile, Constitutionalism and the Separation of Powers (1967): The Online Library of Liberty
		Thus the demand for the establishment of “harmony” between legislature and government, which characterized the theory of parliamentary government in Britain and France, and the Progressive movement in the United States, was accompanied by a new “separation of powers”—that between the “political” branches of government and the bureaucracy.
		The instruments of the extension of government power, both politicians and civil servants, are sincere men who see merely complex practical problems that have to be solved, and which require strong and efficient government action for their solution.
		Nevertheless, the fundamental conception of the government as an instrument for distributing justice persisted, for this was in fact still the major aspect of government from the point of view of the citizens.
	oll.libertyfund.org /Texts/LFBooks/Vile0263/0024_Bk.html (12836 words)

	Finnish nobility - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Soon it was also agreed that the king should govern the Swedish realm (to which Finland belonged) in cooperation with a Privy Council (valtaneuvosto) (or Royal Council) where the bishops and the most distinguished magnates (i.e.
		Count Axel Oxenstierna, 1st Count of Södermöre, the Lord High Chancellor of Sweden, was the architect of the Instrument of Government of 1634, which laid the foundation of modern Sweden, and in extension that of Finland.
		It secured that all government appointments had to be filled by candidates from the nobility, a move which helped to mobilize support for, rather than opposition against, a centralized national government.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Finnish_nobility (4319 words)

	Finland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The official forms of government inherited from the era of Swedish absolutism were sufficiently autocratic to allow the tsar to accept them largely intact; however, included in these forms of government was the comprehensive law code of 1734 that protected individual rights.
		The chief instrument of government in the grand duchy was the Government Council, renamed in 1816 the Senate, which was composed of fourteen Finns appointed by the tsar.
		Although the government of the grand duchy represented an uneasy balance between the traditions of Finnish self-government and those of Russian autocracy, as long as the Russians respected the balance, the Finnish people were satisfied.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/finland/all.html (19415 words)

	Lalor, Cyclopaedia of Political Science, V.3, Entry 83, PRESS: Library of Economics and Liberty
		The whig government was involved in numerous controversies by the character of political publications which received the license of L'Estrange's successors, and the system of licensing was formally abolished in 1694 by the refusal of parliament to renew the act establishing it.
		As colony after colony organized state governments, the freedom of the press, under the restrictions which still obtain for the regulation and restraint of its utterances with respect to individuals, was recognized in the constitutions as a cardinal feature of free institutions.
		All modern arbitrary governments have recognized the necessity of some method of intercommunication between the government and the people, by the publication of royal gazettes or official organs, in which is inserted no information save such as they deem it desirable, in their own interests, that the people should possess.
	www.econlib.org /library/YPDBooks/Lalor/llCy853.html (9639 words)

	John Owen (divine) - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In this sermon, and still more in his Country Essay for the Practice of Church Government, which he appended to it, his tendency to break away from Presbyterianism to the more tolerant Independent or Congregational system is plainly seen.
		In the parliament of 1654 he sat, but only for a short time, as member for Oxford university, and, with Baxter, was placed on the committee for settling the " fundamentals " necessary for the toleration promised in the Instrument of Government.
		From this time to his death he was occupied with continual writing, disturbed only by suffering from stone and asthma, and by an absurd charge of being concerned in the Rye House Plot.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /John_Owen (1751 words)

	US CODE: Title 12,1717. Federal National Mortgage Association and Government National Mortgage Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Participations or other instruments issued by the Association pursuant to this subsection shall to the same extent as securities which are direct obligations of or obligations guaranteed as to principal or interest by the United States be deemed to be exempt securities within the meaning of laws administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
		The amounts of any mortgages and their obligations acquired by the Association under section 1721 of this title, pursuant to this subsection, shall not be included in the total amounts set forth in section 1721 (c) of this title.
		The trust instrument shall provide that custody, control, and administration of the obligations shall remain in the trustor subjecting the obligations to the trust, subject to transfer to the trustee in event of default or probable default, as determined by the trustee, in the payment of principal and interest of the beneficial interests or participations.
	straylight.law.cornell.edu /uscode/html/uscode12/usc_sec_12_00001717----000-.html (2204 words)

	Statutory Instrument 1997 No. 1721 (S. 130)
		Statutory Instruments printed from this website are printed under the superintendence and authority of the Controller of HMSO being the Queen's Printer of Acts of Parliament.
		It should be noted that the right to reproduce the text of Statutory Instruments does not extend to the Queen's Printer imprints which should be removed from any copies of the Statutory Instrument which are issued or made available to the public.
		Braille copies of this Statutory Instrument can also be purchased at the same price as the print edition by contacting TSO Customer Services on 0870 600 5522 or e-mail:customer.services@tso.co.uk.
	www.opsi.gov.uk /si/si1997/19971721.htm (880 words)

	Lappeenranta
		Lappeenranta has a colourful history, lying as it does on the border between two different cultures. The harbour area of Lappeenranta used to be widely known as Lapvesi market place in the seventeenth century.
		In 1649 Queen Christina of Sweden signed the instrument of foundation, including an emblem, a savage, for the new town.
		In the Battle of Lappeenranta in 1741, the fortress fell in five hours. In the Peace of Turku in 1743 after the period of the "Lesser Hate", Lappeenranta fell under Russian rule, nearly a hundred years before the rest of Finland.
	www.lappeenranta.fi /?deptid=13318 (211 words)

	Laws, Acts, and Legislation
		THEIR agent shall, on a continuous basis, keep exact records as to the amount of funds under any joint account or trust instrument being held for the individual beneficiaries showing the amount paid, the amount deposited and invested, and accruals and income.
		The funds of the endowment care trust shall be held and invested in the manner in which trust funds are permitted to be held and invested pursuant to sections 2109.37 and 2109.371 of the Revised Code.
		THEIR agent shall, on a continuous basis, keep exact records as to the amount of funds under a single trust instrument being held for the individual beneficiaries showing the amount paid, the amount deposited and invested, and accruals and income.
	www.legislature.state.oh.us /bills.cfm?ID=123_HB_531_2 (3409 words)

	[No title]
		Such instrument and any amendments thereto must be consistent with the terms of this Act.
		Such instrument and any amendments thereto must be consistent with the terms of this subchapter and the Maine Implementing Act.
		Membership in the band shall be subject to such further qualifications as may be provided by the band in its organic governing document or amendments thereto subject to the approval of the Secretary.
	uscode.house.gov /download/pls/25C19.txt (7556 words)

	Mass. Dept. of Revenue - DIRECTIVE 91-2: APPLICATION OF DEEDS EXCISE TO TRANSFERS BY CERTAIN FEDERALLY SPONSORED ...
		The RTC is an instrumentality of the United States, 12 U.S.C. 1441a(b)(1)(A), and is deemed to be an "agency" of the United States when it is acting as a conservator or receiver of an insured depository institution, 12 U.S.C. 1441a(b)(1)(B).
		The Massachusetts statute exempts any realty transferred by written instrument to which an "agency" of the United States is a party from the Deeds Excise - meaning, the Deeds Excise cannot be imposed on either the grantor or grantee where one of the parties to the transfer is an "agency" of the United States.
		Nevertheless, the transfer of realty by written instrument by all three federally sponsored corporations as part of their statutory obligations as secondary market facilities are exempt from the Deeds Excise because of the exemption from state and local taxation provided to each by federal statute.
	www.dor.state.ma.us /rul_reg/dir/DIR_91_2.htm (1302 words)

	Hume, Essays Moral, Political, Literary (1777) - Part 1: The Online Library of Liberty
		Such is the intention of these forms of government, and such is their real effect, where they are wisely constituted: As on the other hand, they are the source of all disorder, and of the flest crimes, where either skill or honesty has been wanting in their original frame and institution.
		It is possible so to constitute a free government, as that a single person, call him doge,° prince, or king, shall possess a large share of power, and shall form a proper balance or counterpoise to the other parts of the legislature.
		The filling of the throne, in such a government, is a point of too great and too general interest, not to divide the whole people into factions:° Whence a civil war, the greatest of ills, may be apprehended, almost with certainty, upon every vacancy.
	oll.libertyfund.org /Texts/Hume0129/Essays/HTMLs/0059_Pt03_Part1.html (13972 words)

	Home > Publications > (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In church and synagogue basements, in union halls, in board rooms, and at meetings of physicians, educators, architects, and local government officials "for social responsibility," one hears a different tune being sung.
		Those structures having been established and confirmed by the consent of the governed, the perennial arguments over distributive justice can be engaged in ways that strengthen rather than fracture nascent democracies.
		Democratic forms of law and governance are not, on the available evidence, a North Atlantic cultural curiosity.
	www.eppc.org /publications/pubID.1721/pub_detail.asp (6569 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES, basic instrument of government and supreme law of the U.S. The Constitution was drafted by the Constitutional Convention of May 25–Sept. 17, 1787, and, following its ratification by conventions in two-thirds of the states, as provided in the Constitution, became effective in 1789.
		A general feeling of dissatisfaction existed with a national government that lacked authority to legislate for the country as a whole in many vital matters and that was not empowered to enforce its decisions.
		All the major issues in dispute were disposed of by compromises that made possible the establishment of a national republic with a government of limited and delegated powers and that did much to determine the fundamental and unique features of the U.S. system of federal and state governments.
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/us_history/constitution.html (2121 words)

	2000 Chaptered K-12 Education Legislation - Government Affairs (CA Dept of Education) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Requires a school district into which a pupil is transferring to request that the school district in which the pupil was last enrolled provide any records regarding acts committed by the transferring pupil that resulted in the pupil's suspension from school or expulsion from the school district.
		Requires the Superintendent of Public Instruction to administer existing provisions which require the governing board of each school district to establish and define job responsibilities for certificated noninstructional personnel, including, but not limited to, supervisory and administrative personnel, whose responsibilities cannot be evaluated appropriately under the provisions relating to the evaluation of certificated employees.
		Requires the governing board of a school district that denies a request for special part time or full time enrollment at a community college for a pupil who is identified as highly gifted to issue its written recommendation and the reasons for the denial within 60 days.
	www.cde.ca.gov /re/lr/ga/chaptered2000.asp (7176 words)

	U.S. Catholic Bishops - Catechism of the Catholic Church
		While the Glossary is faithful to the language of the Catechism, it does not participate in the approval of the text of the Catechism given in the Apostolic Constitution Fidei depositum of Pope John Paul II.
		The instrument of execution on which Christ died; a symbol of the unique sacrifice of Christ as sole mediator between God and man. Jesus invited his disciples to take up their cross and follow him, in order to associate with his redeeming sacrifice those who were to be its first beneficiaries.
		Hence ecclesiastical government is church government (857); an ecclesiastical province is a grouping of church jurisdictions or dioceses (887); an ecclesiastic is a church official.
	www.usccb.org /catechism/text/glossary.htm (17183 words)

	THE GROWTH OF DEMOCRACY: (England)
		Principle: That government is created by, derives it powers from, and exists to serve the people.
		The country was governed by a Council of State chosen by Parliament.
		If government which was part of the contract failed to protect these natural rights or exceeded its authority, man has the right to alter or change it.
	www.hoocher.com /mr.j'spage/thegrowthofdemocracy.htm (3439 words)

	Section Two
		The rules governing the treatment of records of students with disabilities must be well understood both by educators who work directly with families and by administrators whocollect, maintain, and analyze those records.
		When government agencies collect social security numbers for reasons other than those allowed in the original law, they must specify how the numbers will be used and the limits of their use.
		Any federal, state, or local government agency which requests an individual to disclosehis social security account number shall inform that individual whether that disclosure is mandatory or voluntary, by what statutory or other authority such number is solicited, and what uses will be made of it.
	nces.ed.gov /pubs97/p97527/Sec2_txt.asp (7355 words)

	History Channel Search Results
		basic instrument of government and supreme law of the U.S. The Constitution was drafted by the Constitutional Convention of May 25–Sept. 17, 1787, and, following its ratification by conventions in two-thirds of the states, as provided in the Constitution, became effective in 1789.
		The 10th Amendment, reserving to the states, or the people, those powers not delegated or prohibited to the federal government, established a basis for subsequent judicial interpretations of the Constitution, thereby limiting the power of the federal government.
		This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission to the States by the Congress.
	www.historychannel.com /thcsearch/thc_resourcedetail.do?encyc_id=206382 (5965 words)

	Welcome to ITSO
		Considering the principle set forth in Resolution 1721 (XVI) of the General Assembly of the United Nations that communication by means of satellites should be available to the nations of the world as soon as practicable on a global and non-discriminatory basis,
		Considering the relevant provisions of the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, Including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, and in particular Article I, which states that outer space shall be used for the benefit and in the interests of all countries,
		(b) For a State whose instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession is deposited after the date this Agreement enters into force pursuant to paragraph (a) of this Article, this Agreement shall enter into force on the date of such deposit.
	www.itso.int /htmldocs/agreement.htm (5991 words)

	PDS Russia Religion News July 2000
		Some did so because they thought that an end to government interference would be a hallmark of the expected democratic transformations of their countries.
		Virtually all post-Soviet governments have retained the Soviet practice of requiring religious groups to register with the authorities in order to operate legally, and most have kept the Soviet-style councils for religious affairs to monitor the situation -- often as in Turkmenistan with the same officials in the same positions.
		To the extent that governments there are following Ashgabat's lead, they seem certain to produce precisely what they say they most fear: a religious population increasingly alienated from governments that appear, as did the Soviet regime until the very end, far more powerful and stable than they in fact are.
	www.stetson.edu /~psteeves/relnews/0007a.html (10136 words)

	[No title]
		They forget that these half-members were not admitted to any part in church affairs; and they refuse to see that the methods employed by the Puritans were, because of their exclusiveness, of necessity demoralizing.
		In fact, the half-way covenant was a result of the disintegration that had already taken place as the issue of an attempted compromise between the institutional and the individualistic theories of church government.
		After these and other efforts to control the religious position of the college the strict Calvinists for the time withdrew their efforts and concentrated them upon Yale College, in which institution the faculty were now required for the first time to accept the Assembly's Catechism and Confession of Faith.
	www.gutenberg.org /dirs/etext05/7unit10.txt (16364 words)

	Web Sites Spin Fallujah Battle Different Ways
		"How we can invade a country and eject its government without letting the people who live there know what we were doing and why, is a mystery to me," he said.
		It states that of 100 mosques in Fallujah, 60 were used to hide weapons or as defensive positions.
		A map shows nine locations of bomb-making factories and comments that roadside bombs are "the insurgents' principal instrument of attack on innocent civilians." It also shows a van whose side panels have been "removed and filled with PE-4," a kind of plastic explosive.
	www.commondreams.org /headlines04/1206-03.htm (1292 words)

	A Social History of the American Negro
		Although the system was in existence in Delaware almost from the beginning of the colony, it did not receive legal recognition until 1721, when there was passed an act providing for the trial of slaves in a special court with two justices and six freeholders.
		However, in June, 1721, there were 600 Negroes in Louisiana; in 1745 the number had increased to 2020.
		A master was regularly reimbursed by the government for a slave legally executed, and in 1714 there was a complaint in South Carolina that the treasury had become almost exhausted by such reimbursements.
	www.gutenberg.org /files/12101/12101-h/12101-h/12101-h.htm (14554 words)

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