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Topic: Insubres

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	INSUBRES - LoveToKnow Article on INSUBRES
		INSUBRES (Ioou~3pe~, ~Ivoouflpot), a Celtic people of upper Italy, the most powerful in Gallia Transpadana, inhabiting the country between the Adda, the Ticinus and the Alps.
		The name Insubres thus appears applied to the inhabitants (r) of the Aeduan pagus, (2) of the territory in Gallia Transpadana occupied by Bellovesus, (~) to the founders of Mediolanum.
		From 222 to 195 B.C. the Insubres were frequently at war with the Romans.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /I/IN/INSUBRES.htm (2383 words)

	INSUBRES ("Ivoµ(3pes, "Ivvouf pot) - Online Information article about INSUBRES ("Ivoµ(3pes, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Livy states that Bellovesus and his Gauls, having crossed the Alps and defeated the Etruscans near the Ticinus, found themselves in the territory of the Insubres (also the name of a pagus of the Aedui).
		The name Insubres thus appears applied to the inhabitants (1) of the Aeduan pagus, (2) of the territory in Gallia Transpadana occupied by Bellovesus, (3) to the founders of Mediolanum.
		From 222 to 195 B.C. the Insubres were frequently at See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /I27_INV/INSUBRES_Ivo_3pes_Ivvouf_pot_.html (298 words)

	or MEDIOLANIUM MEDIOLANUM - LoveToKnow Article on or MEDIOLANIUM MEDIOLANUM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Livy attributes its foundation to the Galli Insubres under Bellovesus after their defeat of the Etruscans, in the time of the older Tarquin.
		According to other authorities, the Etruscar1 city of Melpum which preceded it was destroyed in 396 B.C. Objects of the Bronze age have been found outside the city on the south.
		The Romans defeated the Insubres in 225222 B.C., and stormed Mediolanum itself in the latter year.
	52.1911encyclopedia.org /M/ME/MEDIOLANUM_or_MEDIOLANIUM.htm (720 words)

	Gauls (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It was recovered, however, during the final conquest of the Celtic Insubres and Boii between 198 and 191 BC.
		After first joining the uprising led by the Carthaginian Hamilcar, an agent of Hannibal in Gaul, in 200 BC, they deserted the Insubres during the battle at Larius Lacus (Lake Como) in 196 BC and made their own treaty with the Romans.
		The Insubres were finally subdued in 196 BC and gradually lost their identity in the rise of municipal communities.
	www.barca.fsnet.co.uk /gauls.htm (252 words)

	The History Of Rome, Book III by Theodor Mommsen eBook by BookRags
		The Ligurians were driven to arms by the nearer approach of the danger, and even the youth of the Cenomani on this occasion listened less to the voice of their cautious chiefs than to the urgent appeal of their kinsmen who were in peril.
		The dexterous management and the professional skill of the Phoenician leader failed to make up for the deficiencies of his troops; the Gauls were unable to withstand the onset of the legions, and among the numerous dead who covered the field of battle was the Carthaginian officer.
		Thus humbled and left in the lurch, the Insubres, after the fall of Comum, likewise consented to conclude a separate peace (558).
	www.bookrags.com /ebooks/10703/163.html (426 words)

	Northern Italy after the Second Punic War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Insubres signed treaty (including promise that they would never have Roman citizenship).
		In 194 Lucius Valerius Flaccus won a decisive victory over the Insubres; in 192 the leading Boii under severe pressure went over to the Roman side, signaling the coming defeat of their tribe.
		Following their victories, the Romans sent thousands of new colonists to the Po valley to reinforce the older colonies of Placentia and Cremona (190) and to establish new colonies, notably Bononia (189) and Aquileia (181).
	www.barca.fsnet.co.uk /punic2-after-north-italy.htm (583 words)

	CoinArchives.com Search Results
		Imitations of Massalia from Northern Italy The Insubres (Milan?) Estimate: CHF 300.00 Drachm (Silver, 2.91 g 3), mid 2nd century.
		Imitations of Massalia from Northern Italy The Insubres (Milan?) Estimate: CHF 425.00 Tovtiopovos.
		Imitations of Massalia from Northern Italy The Insubres (Milan?) Estimate: CHF 600.00 Pirakos.
	www.coinarchives.com /results.php?results=100&search=insubres (191 words)

	The Young Carthaginian by G. A. Henty: Chapter XIII: The Battle of the Trebia
		The Insubres, who had been looking forward eagerly to their coming, flocked in great numbers to receive them as they issued out into the plain, bringing with them cattle, grain, wine, and refreshments of all kinds, and inviting the army to take up their quarters among them until recovered from their fatigues.
		The latter caused a litter to be constructed by his followers, and carried the young Carthaginian away to his village, which was situated at the foot of the hills on the banks of the river Orcus.
		She did not belong to the Insubres, but was the daughter of a chief who had, with a portion of his tribe, wandered down from their native home far north of the Alps and settled in Italy.
	www.online-literature.com /ga-henty/young-carthaginian/14 (5108 words)

	Celtica
		The Insubres are reported as the first arrivals and they eventually established their center at a place they called Mediolanum, the forerunner of Milan.
		The Insubres were followed by at least four other tribes who settled in Lombardy.
		Later comers were the Boii and Lingones who had to pass through this region to find room in Emilia and the latest immigrants, the Senones, settled in less rich land along the Adriatic coast of Umbria.
	cornellia.fws1.com /new_page_9.htm (764 words)

	Livy: the Periochae of Books 31-35
		In a battle, praetor Lucius Furius defeated the rebellious Gallic Insubres and the Carthaginian Hamilcar, who was trying to create a war in that part of Italy.
		Consuls Lucius Furius Purpureo and Claudius Marcellus subdued the Gallic Boians and Insubres.
		Hannibal, who had in vain tried to provoke war in Africa and was for this reason denounced by letters from the leaders of an opposing faction to the Romans, who sent envoys to the Carthaginian Senate, fled to king Antiochus [III the Great] of Syria, who was preparing a war against the Romans.
	www.livius.org /li-ln/livy/periochae/periochae031.html (1678 words)

	insubres - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		We found one dictionary with English definitions that includes the word insubres:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "insubres" is defined.
		INSUBRES : 1911 edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=insubres (70 words)

	Defeat of Insubres in 196 BCE
		The Insubres, a Celtic tribe dwelling in Italy at the foot of the Alps, powerful by themselves, were collecting other forces, and enrolling all those Gauls who fought for hire, called Gaesatae.
		Their alarm was shown both by their preparations (for it is said that never before or since were there so many thousand Romans under arms), and by their extraordinary sacrifices.
		Then the river that passes through Picenum ran blood, and it was said that three moons were seen at the city of Ariminum, and the augurs, who watch the omens at the consular elections, declared that the appointment of these consuls was wrong and of evil omen for the people.
	www.geocities.com /nemetoneponas/marcellus222.html (1098 words)

	de Insubres et Friniates
		Regarding the Insubres and Friniates, Faustus queries his legati whether the couriers informing the tribes of the gathering at Mediolanum returned after the specified three-day maximum wait and, if so, what they had to report.
		The Praefectus Alae of Legio I Cisalpina is also queried as to the frequent reports expected from the turmae of cavalry sent with the couriers and ordered to remain in the vicinty of each of the tribes.
		On the matter of the Insubres geographical location, Faustus quizzes his legati on the previous report that the Insubres were to be found in Liguria.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/297678 (216 words)

	Archdiocese of Milan
		The name of Milan is probably derived from the Celtic met lan, which means "in the middle of the plain".
		by the Insubres, on the site of the ruined Melpum, and became the chief centre of the Cisalpine Gauls.
		After the defeat of the Gauls near Clastidium, Mediolanum was taken by the consul Lucius Scipio (221) and became a Roman municipium.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/m/milan,archdiocese_of.html (3386 words)

	Meetings&Publications
		Job market in the Insubres Region: towards a partial integration.
		The lakes and alpine forests of the Insubres area
		The bilateral Agreements between the Europe Union and the Swiss Confederation in the Insubres area
	www.regioinsubrica.org /pages/quaderni_convegni_eng.html (231 words)

	Livy: the Periochae of Books 16-20
		Exercitibus Romanis tunc primum trans Padum ductis Galli Insubres aliquot proeliis fusi in deditionem venerunt.
		For the first time, Roman armies crossed the Po and the Gallic Insubres, defeated in battle, were defeated in a series of battles.
		Consul Marcus Claudius Marcellus killed the leader of the Gallic Insubres, Vertomarus, and returned with the supreme booty.
	www.livius.org /li-ln/livy/periochae/periochae016.html (1618 words)

	Index of names: Il - Ja (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		224/14 The consuls cross the river Po and defeat the Insubres.
		197/14 Cethegus defeats the Insubres and Cenomani near the river Mincius.
		196/9_ The consuls defeat the Insubres and Boii in separate battles.
	www.attalus.org /names/Il.html (2504 words)

	Gauls Vs. Romans: the score.
		30.000 Carthaginians, 60.000 Boii, Insubres and Ligurians Vs. Romans.
		The Gauls figure prominently in the center of Hannibal's army and bear the brunt of the roman onslaught.
		Insubres and Cenomanni Vs. Romans under Cornelius consul.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/27766 (474 words)

	Classical Sources
		Their way of arranging their forces was effective as well as designed to inspire fear in their enemies.
		The Insubres and Boii were clothed in pants and light cloaks, but the Caesatae from conceit and daring threw their clothing off, and went out to the front of the army naked, having nothing but their weapons.
		They believed that since the ground was covered with brambles which might catch their clothing and hinder the use of their weapons, they would be more effective this way.
	www.kernunnos.com /culture/warriors/lit.html (1589 words)

	Hannibal's Epic March Across the Alps to Rome's Gates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Spies and ambassadors were sent ahead to reconnoiter the route and negotiate with tribal leaders.
		Key to Hannibal's plan was an anticipated alliance with the Boii and Insubres of the Po River valley.
		In anticipation of Hannibal's arrival, however, the Boii and Insubres tribes rose in revolt and ambushed the Roman garrison army.
	www.historynet.com /mh/blhannibalrome (1347 words)

	222 B.C. - events and references
		Flaminius and Furius are forced to resign, and new consuls are elected after a short interregnum.
		Marcellus captures Mediolanum, the capital of the Insubres, and other cities.
		The Insubres surrender to the Romans; the end of the Gallic War.
	www.attalus.org /bc3/year222.html (349 words)

	Lady Anne's Celtic History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The design was initially used to decorate the jugs that held their beloved wine they were so fond of.
		225 - Battle of Telamon - Boii and Insubres Celts with their professional warriors, the Gaesatae, commanders Aneroestes and Concolitanus along with 50,000 infantry and 20,000 cavalry stood against 700,00 Roman infantry and 70,000 Roman cavalry.
		Needless to say, the Celts lost in what is described as the most spectacular battle in Celtic history.
	www.packrat-pro.com /celttime.htm (2467 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Diocese of Crema
		Crema is a ciy of the province of Cremona, Lombardy, Northern Italy, situated between the Rivers Adda and the Oglio, in a marshy region.
		It was built by inhabitants of various cites of the Insubres, who fled thither during the Lombard invasion of Italy.
		Crema fell eventually under Lombard rule and shared the vicissitudes of that monarchy.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04481b.htm (248 words)

	Battle
		The large number of trumpets shown at Orange underlines the impression of great noise during battle given by the classical writers.
		As already mentioned, Polybius describes a contingent of Gaesatae (sometimes taken as mercenaries, now more often as spearmen, which took part in the battle of Telamon; they came from beyond the Alps to help the Gauls already in north Italy (for example the Boii and the Insubres).
		The Celts of north Italy wore trousers and cloaks, but the Gaesatae fought naked.
	www.pioneernet.net /connolly/battle.htm (1253 words)

	MEDIOLANUM, or MEDIOLANIUM (mod. Milan, q.v.) - Online Information article about MEDIOLANUM, or MEDIOLANIUM (mod. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Insubres under Bellovesus after their defeat of the Etruscans, in the See also:
		Romans defeated the Insubres in 225—222 B.C., and stormed Mediolanum itself in the latter See also:
		Its inhabitants rebelled some twenty years later in the Hannibalic See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /MEC_MIC/MEDIOLANUM_or_MEDIOLANIUM_mod_M.html (976 words)

	AI Europa - Gallia: General Discussion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		At least they did in the case of allying themselves with Hannibal, I don't really know too much about the Etruscan and Samnite wars.
		At the time Hannibal crossed the Alps in 218 BCE, the tribes of Cisalpine Gaul in Northern Italy (of which the most powerful was the Insubres) were distinctly restless anyway.
		They had had their land confiscated for redistribution to Roman senators and were naturally resentful of being under Roman rule.
	www.antiquatedideas.com /cgi-antiquatedideas/europa/topic.cgi?forum=51&topic=8 (749 words)

	Italy, Insubres - Ancient Celtic Coinage thumbnail index - WildWinds.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Italy, Insubres - Ancient Celtic Coinage thumbnail index - WildWinds.com
		Entry for Insubres on the Digital Historia Numorum
		Click here for a list of Reference Abbreviations.
	www.wildwinds.com /coins/greece/celtic/italy/insubres/t.html (95 words)

	Europe, Celts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Boii and Insubres Celts defeated the Etruscan empire armies at Ticiano, taking control of the Po valley
		Battle of Telamon - Boii and Insubres Celts with their professional warriors, the Gaesatae, commanders Aneroestes and Concolitanus along with 50,000 infantry and 20,000 cavalry stood against 700,00 Roman infantry and 70,000 Roman cavalry.
		The Romans took over Insubres territory, whose capital was Milan
	www.packrat-pro.com /europe.htm (1768 words)

	A Smaller Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology and Geography - dutiomarus, Inessa, Inferi, Inferum Mare, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A Smaller Classical Dictionary of Biography, Mythology and Geography - dutiomarus, Inessa, Inferi, Inferum Mare, Ingaevones, Ingauni, Ino, Inous, Insubres, Intemelii, Interamna, Intercatia, Internum Mare, Inua Castrum, Io, Iobates, Iol, Iolaus, Iolcus, Iole, Ion
		This page contains descriptions for the following names Indutiomarus, Inessa, Inferi, Inferum Mare, Ingaevones, Ingauni, Ino, Inous, Insubres, Intemelii, Interamna, Intercatia, Internum Mare, Inua Castrum, Io, Iobates, Iol, Iolaus, Iolcus, Iole, Ion
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	www.classicaldictionary.bravepages.com /220.htm (99 words)

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