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Topic: Insular Celtic

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	Celtic languages - Gurupedia
		Celtic languages are a branch of the Indo-European languages.
		Insular -- Celtic languages spoken in the British Isles.
		The division into "Continental" and "Insular" may not be genetically correct, since the distinction between P and Q languages is found among the "Continental" languages as well: Celtiberian is Q-Celtic, while Gaulish and the other Continental Celtic languages are P-Celtic.
	www.gurupedia.com /c/ce/celtic_language.htm (404 words)

	Celt - The Mind-N-Magick Paganpedia
		The term "Celt" or "Celtic" can be used in several senses: it can denote a group of peoples who speak or descend from speakers of Celtic languages; or the people of prehistoric and early historic Europe who share common cultural traits which are thought to have originated in the Hallstatt and La Tène cultures.
		Galicia Is also considered a celtic nation as gaelic language still survives in people and places names, while Asturias sometimes is considered to be modern Celtic nations based on the survival of Celtic traditions similar to the traditions of other Celtic nations, however, the Celtic language has not survived in either.
		Celtic societies were organised around warfare, but this seems to have been more of a sport focussed on raids and hunting rather than organised territorial conquest, drawing obvious comparisons to warfare among Native Americans prior to European contact.
	paganpedia.mind-n-magick.com /wiki/index.php?title=Celt (5590 words)

	Labara: Introduction to the Celtic Languages
		Celtic language is considered by scholars and the modern pan-Celtic movement to be the central, defining criterion of Celtic culture and identity, and few would deny that the chief inspirations of Celtic Paganism and Druidism are the flower of cultures that are indeed Celtic by that definition.
		Celtic languages are part of the Indo-European family of languages just as English is, but belong to an entirely different branch of this family - the Celtic branch - and are more different from English than German or French.
		A Celtic language may be briefly defined as any of a group of languages which are organically and directly related to the language of these people.
	www.keltria.org /journal/labara1.htm (2874 words)

	Goddess Culture in Early Celtic Literature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Although the earliest writings of the insular Celts date back only to the sixth century CE and bear the mark of a christianizing world, Celtic scholars have found in them the traces of earlier relig ious forms, particularly in the names and stories of the goddesses and gods that populated the mythology of the Celts.
		Much of traditional Celtic studies has thus taken for granted that the position of women in early Celtic society and culture either mirrors that of modern western women, or is one of subordination under a barbarian society that is characterized as patria rchal.
		The erosion of Celtic goddess culture is symbolically represented in the final branch, and t he death of the her son is an ominous sign of the coming death of the Goddess.
	www.unc.edu /home/freb/thesis.html (8294 words)

	Insular Celtic Manuscript (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Particularly, art in the insular Celtic manuscripts made in Britain was developed because these were removed from the political turmoil of the Dark Age on the continent.
		These patterns were used in the Celtic manuscript decoration frequently and became the nucleus of free and round insular Celtic art.
		Insular Celtic manuscripts are a fascinating art form because of the influence on western art at later date, but there are so many unknowns.
	www.discovery.mala.bc.ca /web/sugiurat/project.htm (2613 words)

	Insular Celtic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Insular Celtic hypothesis concerns the origin of the Celtic languages.
		The term "Insular" refers to the place of origin of these languages, the British Isles, in contrast to the (now extinct) Continental Celtic languages of mainland Europe and Anatolia.
		The proponents of the Insular Celtic hypothesis point to shared innovations among Insular Celtic languages, including inflected prepositions, shared use of certain verbal particles and VSO word order.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Insular_Celtic_languages (277 words)

	essay
		In Insular manuscripts, the Chi Rho symbol for the name of Christ, and the Incipits to the Gospels, which serve to identify the section they begin, were among the first letters to become ornamental.
		Celtic mythology abounds in animal imagery, and zoomorphic and anthropomorphic images are interchangeable in Celtic mythology and in art.
		Celtic art is full of decorations in which numbers, in the form of repeating patterns, play a large role.
	www.unc.edu /celtic/catalogue/manuscripts/essay.html (2124 words)

	[No title]
		It was settled by the Veneti, distinctive to the nearby Celtic Gaul.
		Moreover, the Celts or rather the Celtic origin became a fig leaf for the academic circles in the German and Slav world, because the financing of the academic institutions like universities, academies, institutes etc. were constrained to follow the pan-German or the pan-Slav ideology.
		We already have drawn attention to the Celtic mania, which is still present in the public media and in the educational apparatus, and is even bent to conceal the existence of the Vends and their language (today considered "Slavs") from the prehistoric period.
	www.carantha.net /the_vends_and_the_celts__m.htm (3036 words)

	The CR FAQ - An Introduction to Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism - So What is Celtic Reconstructionism?
		Celtic identity is not based on genetics or “blood” but on being part of this linguistic and cultural grouping.
		While fluency in a Celtic language is not a prerequisite to participation in the CR community, people serious about developing the tradition almost always dedicate themselves to studying one of the Celtic languages as part of their CR practice.
		In these cases, their identification with Celtic culture may be largely an ethnic thing, but it usually involves at the very least the participation in Celtic cultural events, and some degree of respect for the languages, even if they may not be active students.
	paganachd.com /faq/whatiscr.html (2832 words)

	The Celts
		Celtic culture was largely extinguished by the onslaught of the Romans from the south and the Germanic and other groups from the north and east.
		Celtic art is the highly stylized curvilinear art that originated during the second half of the 1st millennium BC among the Celtic peoples of IRON AGE Europe.
		Stimulus for developing insular Celtic art was furnished by a few Waldalgesheim imports, and in its early stages the insular tradition was very close to its continental prototypes.
	draeconin.com /database/celtinfo.htm (2346 words)

	Celts - Crystalinks
		The term Celts (pronounced "kelts" or "selts") refers to any of a number of ancient peoples in Europe using the Celtic languages, which form a branch of Indo-European languages, as well as others whose language is unknown but where associated cultural traits such as Celtic art are found in archaeological evidence.
		The Celtic language family is a branch of the larger Indo-European family, which leads some scholars to a hypothesis that the original speakers of the Celtic proto-language may have arisen in the Pontic-Caspian steppes.
		Stonehenge and the other megalithic monuments long predate the Iron Age Celtic culture, but Genetic evidence indicates that the Celtic populations of the Atlantic Archipelago have been relatively stable for at least 6,000 years, in which case the modern Celts would be the direct descendants of their builders.
	www.crystalinks.com /celts.html (1898 words)

	Extinct Language Reveals Celtic Origins - Ancient Roman Empire Forums
		According to the study, Celtic branched in two directions from an Indo-European mother language around 3200 B.C. One version, Gaulish, which is also called Continental Celtic, stayed within the European mainland.
		Insular Celtic is probably a hybrid of Continental Celtic and the language of the mesolithic people who occupied Britain before the neolithic migration of the Celts ~4000 BC.
		If the differences in the two Celtic languages could be isolated, some generalized root words of the mesolithic language might be deducted and analyzed.
	www.unrv.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=11 (567 words)

	Celtic Branch of the Indo-European Family
		Today, however, Celtic languages are limited to a few areas in the British Isles, on the peninsula of Brittany in France, and in emigrant communities in the U.S., Canada, and Australia.
		Celtic dialects spoken on the European continent are called Continental Celtic, or Gaulish.
		Insular Celtic refers to the dialects that were spoken in the British Isles and in Brittany.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/january/CelticBranch.html (857 words)

	LABARA - talking about Celtic language
		The circumstances dictating the shift to English or French were the direct results of political, economic and cultural imperialism on the part of English- or French-speaking societies; such a traumatic dispossession cannot be reversed and healed by wishful thinking and superficial measures on the part of their descendants.
		(Presumably, the Goths perceived Celtic social organisation as worthy of emulation, while the Romans merely admired their beer!) Other Continental Celtic words were recorded directly, such as the word bardoi, recorded in classical Greek, which of course is the plural of the word that became our modern Welsh bardd and Irish bard.
		Manx, or Gailck, is the Celtic language of the Isle of Man. It is likely that here, as in Scotland, the native Irish colonists arrived around the fifth century CE and found a principally Brythonic-speaking population.
	www.summerlands.com /crossroads/celticlanguage/labara1.html (2642 words)

	The Celtic Languages
		The Celtic languages are a group of languages in the Indo-European family.
		The Celtic family of languages is divided into two branches, the Insular Celtic languages, and the Continental Celtic languages.
		The Celtic Insular languages are mostly those spoken on the islands, typically Britain, Ireland, Man and part of France.
	www.digitalmedievalist.com /faqs/langfaq.html (605 words)

	Celtic Interlace (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Celtic interlace designs make their first appearance in early Christian Celtic Art in the middle of the seventh century A. There are three ways I expect various readers to be upset with the opening sentence of this article.
		Celtic interlace, that is knotwork designs as well as interlaced birds and beasts are the most recognized elements of so-called Celtic Art.
		Much of the misinformation on Celtic subjects is a result of books and articles that present the most reliable information available in such a dry academic style that this material is not thoroughly read by most of those who look at them.
	www.celtarts.com /celtic_interlace.htm (1825 words)

	ENGLISH LANGUAGE
		The earliest language known to be spoken in the British Isles was Celtic, which evolved along somewhat different linguistic paths to the Celtic spoken on the continent in Gaul, the Pyrenees and the Alps, into Insular Celtic.
		Continental Celtic began to die out from the time of the conquest of Gaul by Julius Caesar, whereas the Insular Celtic of the British Isles continued to thrive unmolested for a further century before the infirm emperor Claudius finally brought south-east Britain under the aegis of Rome.
		Unlike its continental counterpart, however, Insular Celtic continued to be used in the highlands and islands of Britain, despite the presence of the Italic-speaking occupation army.
	www.roman-britain.org /english_language.htm (682 words)

	Celtic languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The division into and "Insular" may not be genetically correct the distinction between P and Q languages found among the "Continental" languages as well: is Q-Celtic while Gaulish and the other Celtic languages are P-Celtic.
		Alternatively the Celtic languages may be as having two branches: Q-Celtic and P-Celtic with both "Continental" and "Insular" members.
		Although there are many differences between the Celtic languages they do show many family While none of these characteristics is necessarily to the Celtic languages there are few any other languages which possess them all.
	www.freeglossary.com /Celtic_language (729 words)

	The Celts in Bavaria
		Celtic culture today is widely understood as insular Celtic culture, that is the Celtic culture of the British Isles and Ireland.
		This includes sacred sites that are not as famous as their insular counterparts, but well enough suited to connect the visitor with the energies of the land, the ancestors and with the spirits of time.
		In burial mound cemeteries, Celtic princes, noblemen and warriors have been found in their graves, often with rich equipment, a fact that allows us today to acknowledge how highly developed Celtic arts and craftsmanship already were.
	druidry.org /obod/druid-path/sacredsites.html (4502 words)

	RealMagick Article: Celtic Gods and Heros: Celtic Gods of Mainland Europe by John Patrick Parle
		The Celtic gods had much to do with nature and its cycles, especially in the earlier periods of Celtic history, before human characteristics were deified.
		The word "druid" was Celtic for "wise man of the oaks." And the oak tree was quite important to the druids and the Celts.
		Added are early Celtic settlements in Laon and Loudon in France, Leiden in the central part of the Netherlands, and Legnica in Poland, all who honored Lugh in their original namesakes.
	realmagick.com /articles/06/1506.html (2209 words)

	Language - Mezzofanti.org
		Celtic languages are all linguistically similar, and thus share a category within the chart of Indo-European Languages (can be seen on main page).
		There are two major divisions of Celtic languages, separated geographically: Continental Celtic (those Celtic languages spoken in mainland Europe) and Insular Celtic (Celtic languages located in the British Isles and Brittany).
		Scottish Gaelic is considered to be Insular Celtic because it is spoken in Scotland - part of the British Isles.
	www.mezzofanti.org /scots.html (1423 words)

	Celtic Guide - The Celtic languages.
		Breton is not classified as continental Celtic because it came to Brittany from Britain.
		The p-q-phenomenon is found in Italic (compare the Latin quattor, 'four', with the Oscan petora), and certain linguists claim that there was an Italo-Celtic people by the end of the 21st century BC.
		Pictish is mentioned The Cambridge Encyclopedia of language as possibly being Celtic or possibly being a non-Indo-European isolate like Basque although the evidence seems to indicate that it was Indo-European.
	www.siliconglen.com /celtfaq/1_3.html (560 words)

	Initial mutations in Indo-European languages: an article by Cyril Babaev
		Insular Celtic languages have really plenty of them, and these mutations became one of their characteristic features.
		The fact is that Gaulish, Celtiberian and Lepontic, three ancient Continental Celtic languages, did not have a sign of those initial changes and used the same phonetic signs as Proto-Indo-European did.
		Only in the Insular Celtic branch, which began to develop separately in the last centuries BC, such tendency appears, although in Oghamic inscriptions (the earliest stage of Irish language) again no lenition is noticeable.
	indoeuro.bizland.com /archive/article6.html (2036 words)

	Celtic Origins: Early History of the Welsh Language
		Welsh is one of the few languages in the Celtic branch that is still spoken today, and it boasts a long and intriguing history.
		One major division between the Celtic languages at this time was between Continental Celtic--spoken in mainland Europe--and Insular Celtic, spoken in Brittany and the British Isles.
		Many of the Insular Celts at the height of the Roman Empire spoke p-Celtic, or Brythonic, languages, to which Welsh is most closely related.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/welsh_language/60838 (591 words)

	Celtic languages
		Celtic can be divided into a continental group of languages (all extinct) and an insular group.
		Attestation of Insular Celtic begins around the time Continental Celtic fades from the scene as Celtic tongues gave way to Latin and other languages on the European continent.
		The Insular Celtic languages are conventionally divided into Goidelic (Irish, Manx, and Scottish Gaelic) and Brythonic (Welsh, Cornish, and Breton).
	www.syllabos.com /argmese/lingue_celtiche-en.html (332 words)

	Brytthonic
		The Brythonic languages (or Brittonic languages) form one of the two branches of the Insular Celtic language family.
		The Brythonic branch is also referred to as P-Celtic because the Brythonic reflex of the Proto-Indo-European phoneme *kw is p as opposed to the Goidelic c.
		Such nomenclature usually implies an acceptance of the P-Celtic hypothesis rather than the Insular Celtic hypothesis (for a discussion, see Celtic languages).
	www.geocities.com /jorgenpfhartogs2/Brythonic.html (704 words)

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