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Topic: Insular minuscule

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	info: MINUSCULE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is from these that the first minuscule hands developed, the half-uncials and cursive minuscule, which no longer stay bound between a pair of lines.
		The minuscule script for the Greek alphabet has its origins in the seventh century and acquired its quadrilinear form in the eighth century.
		In languages with a case distinction, minuscules are generally used in most texts, and for most of any given text, with majuscules reserved for emphasis and special contexts.
	www.info-masonry.com /Minuscule (860 words)

	Insular Minuscule
		This is a small segment of the Old English text in insular minuscule script.
		While it is a document, the use of a style more akin to book hand than that of the English chancery has caused several authors to suggest that it was produced in a monastic scriptorium and ratified by seal in the chancery.
		The characteristic ligatures of insular minuscule are not present, except for the dipthong æ as in
	medievalwriting.50megs.com /scripts/examples/insular2.htm (488 words)

	Manuscript Studies: Paleography: Historical Notes
		Insular: a minuscule script used in Latin manuscripts, developed in sixth century in Ireland (from half-uncial) and brought to England by Columba and the Irish ca.
		Insular faded out after the Norman Conquest, after which the scribes in English were usually French trained, but it can be found in vernacular texts as late as the thirteenth century, and is still used in Gaelic texts.
		Caroline minuscule (earliest extant example is from the 770s) spread rapidly to other scriptoria throughout Europe, sweeping away the variety of national scripts, and it is one of the most common scripts in Latin documents in England from the tenth to thirteenth centuries.
	www.ualberta.ca /~sreimer/ms-course/course/pal-hist.htm (1216 words)

	The Script from the Book of Kells (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Insular display script similarly combines forms from the whole spectrum, along with distinctive square forms and runic derivatives.
		Insular minuscule became increasingly pointed and calligraphic in aspect.
		Insular scribes also favoured a greater use of abbreviations, with wider use of tironian notae, and emplyed word division, an Irish development prompted by learning Latin as a 'foreign language'.
	www.nd.edu /~medvllib/facsintro/kellscript.html (435 words)

	Encyclopedia: A
		Majuscules or capital letters (in the Roman alphabet: A, B, C,...) are one type of case in a writing system.
		Minuscule, or lower case, is the smaller form (case) of letters (in the Roman alphabet: a, b, c,...).
		Originally alphabets were written entirely in majuscule (capital) letters which were spaced between well-defined upper and lower bounds.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/A (6919 words)

	info: INSULAR AREA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		An insular area is United States territory that is neither a part of one of the fifty states nor a part of the District of Columbia, the nation's federal district.
		Insular area is the current generic term used by the U.S. State Department to refer to any commonwealth, freely associated state, possession or territory.
		Residents of insular areas are often U.S. citizens, although they do not pay American federal taxes and cannot participate in U.S. presidential elections nor elect voting members of the U.S. Congress.
	www.info-vatican-city.com /Insular_area (745 words)

	Chapter 2 Summary
		Insular majuscule is a development of Uncial and the first distinctively British script.
		Insular minuscule was developed over time out of the need for an easier, quicker, and therefore cheaper book hand for use in the main body of texts.
		Old English script is based on the insular minuscule Roman alphabet plus a few extra letters added for Old English sounds not found in Latin (52-54).
	www.iupui.edu /~sharrin/ch2.htm (724 words)

	Book of Armagh article - Book of Armagh Dublin Trinity College 9th century Irish manuscript Gaelic St. - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ferdomnach wrote the first part of the book in 807 or 808.
		The text is written in two columns in a fine pointed insular minuscule.
		The New Testament texts are based on the Vulgate, but with variations characteristic of insular texts.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Book_of_Armagh (498 words)

	MUFI coordinated Private Use Area
		As long as the manuscript is written in a uniform style, whether it is Insular or Carolingian, it is usually not advisable to encode each character as belonging to a specific style.
		Thus, the character "b" should be encoded as "b" whether it is writtin in Insular or Carolingian style.
		This range also has two combining overlines, one for minuscules (in the same heigth as the dot over "i") and one for majuscules (in the same height as the accents).
	gandalf.aksis.uib.no /mufi/PUAcoord/PUA-4.0-a-1.html (2070 words)

	Illuminated Manuscripts - Book of Kells Graphics - Celtic Borders and Carpet Pages Art, Graphics and Clip Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Insular majuscule font; a new specialized font face true to the original hand writing has been created especially to accompany this new collection of Illuminated letter art and the Celtic illuminated Caps from the book of Kells.
		The Roman Half Uncial was established as the minuscule script for humble manuscripts at the time St. Patrick began his mission to Ireland in 432.
		Also a less formal and faster form of Celtic calligraphy developed: the Insular Minuscule, there are beautiful samples of this script in the pages of the New Testament.
	www.alfredom.com /art/art_6c_7.htm (1022 words)

	[No title]
		(Minuscule letters were the original 'lower case' characters, and as such have been referred to as "the great medieval contribution to writing.") This minuscule script was popular for less important writings as early as the 3rd century because it was easier to write, demanded less ability, and took less space.
		The script which was eventually adopted and standardized, which we call the Carolingian minuscule, is the outcome of a fusion of several distinct national styles, all of which had developed out of the classical Roman and informal cursive styles of earlier centuries.
		majuscule: a large letter, either capital or uncial, used in writing or printing minuscule: lower-case letter nib: point of a pen papyrus: paper made from the pith of the stalk of the papyrus reed, a tall aquatic sedge.
	www.florilegium.org /files/SCRIBAL-ARTS/scrpt-develop-art.text (8147 words)

	Introduction to the Old English poem called BEOWULF
		Square minuscule is likely to have been in use for only a very few years after A.D. The few manuscripts, like that containing Beowulf, which display contemporaneous writing in these two successive styles of Insular minuscule must therefore have been written very early in the eleventh century.
		Kiernan points out '[a] closely datable example of Square insular script survives in a chirograph of Bishop Byrhteh of Worcester (1033-38) leasing land to his cniht Wulfmær' (Kiernan xvii-xviii), though Greg Rose (136-9) argues that the hand is not the same type of Square minuscule as in the Beo.
		Hair and flesh sides often contrast noticeably in color and texture, and the normal insular practice for manuscripts of this period was to place hair sides against hair sides, and flesh sides against flesh sides, to obscure the contrast on facing pages.
	www.heorot.dk /beowulf-vorwort.html (6290 words)

	Insular Minuscule - Transitional
		Date : This particular variant dates from the 9th century and has characteristics of insular half uncial as well as insular minuscule
		This sample of script has features of insular half uncial and insular minuscule, being a rounded and clear version of the insular family.
		A characteristic of insular minuscule is the presence of ligatures, in which certain letters change their form when used in combination with others.
	medievalwriting.50megs.com /scripts/examples/insular1.htm (427 words)

	The Schoyen Collection: Palaeography -- 4.3. Latin book scripts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		38x33 cm, 2 columns, (30x20 cm remaining), 31-32 lines (originally 33 lines), in a late uneven Carolingian minuscule with insular tendencies, 4 lines of opening text in red rustic capitals, 5-line initial "B" in an entwined ropework and leafy design with red, blue, and yellow wash (the colours perhaps added 11th c.).
		Commentary: From a previously unidentified and unrecorded Carolingian commentary on Matthew, written by an insular scribe in a Franco-Saxon scriptorium under the influence of the scriptorium of St. Martin's Tour.
		c., 1 f., 29x20 cm, single column, (24x16 cm), 27 lines in a very distinctive forward-sloping Carolingian minuscule with insular letter forms, large decorated initial of the opening page of the text in dark brown, elaborate scrolling leafy and petal design, infilled with dark brown and red wash in insular style.
	www.nb.no /baser/schoyen/4/4.4/443_3.html (1132 words)

	Review of William L. Moore "Mitchill Affair" Article
		After these academics had puzzled over it for some time, it was finally recognized that the manuscript was a Roman Catholic religious text written in "insular minuscule," an obscure form of Latin shorthand dating from the late Middle Ages and last used in remote Irish monasteries during the 16th and 17th centuries.
		6) Insular Minuscule is not an obscure form of Latin shorthand dating from the late Middle Ages and last used in remote Irish monasteries during the 16th and 17th centuries.
		It is not entirely reasonable to assume that, just because some of Smith's 1827 symbols seem to match those used in Irish insular minuscule shorthand, that Joseph simply recycled the same transcript Col. Abraham Edwards had sent to Dr. Samuel L. Mitchell in 1823.
	www.solomonspalding.com /SRP/saga/saga02c.htm (1530 words)

	Gaelic Traditionalist Resource Page - Clannada na Gadelica
		Insular Celtic coins followed continental models but, though copied from the classical coins, were used to express Celtic traditions.
		The thought that insular Celtic coins have distinctly Celtic meanings is borne out by the fact that the coins were not widely distributed (as they would have been if coined for trade with the Romans) and that the subject matter shows representations not found anywhere in classical art.
		The script used in the writing of the Book of Kells is the Insular majuscule (other scripts used in manuscripts are uncial and insular minuscule.) In addition to the lavishly decorated illuminated pages found in other manuscripts, there are beautiful decorations found within the lines of the text itself.
	www.clannada.org /docs/art.html (10142 words)

	The British Library - Digital Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts - Record details
		Insular hybrid minuscule, Insular set minuscule and Insular cursive minuscule
		Decoration is of the "Tiberius Group" style, featuring "Mercian" style zoomorphic ornament and minuscule scripts which have some context within charter production of the period (see Brown, 1996 and 2001).
		Alexander, J.J.G. Insular Manuscripts, 6th to the 9th century (Survey of Manuscripts Illuminated in the British Isles), (Harvey Miller: London, 1978), no.35.
	prodigi.bl.uk /illcat/record.asp?MSID=8821&CollID=16&NStart=20120 (556 words)

	The Book of Kells
		The Book of Kells, an illuminated insular manuscript, is a Latin copy of the four Gospels of the New Testament, Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, which tell the story of the life and work of Jesus Christ.
		The calligraphy is called insular majuscule and was developed in early Christian Ireland from the Roman half-uncial that was brought to the islands.
		The style of calligraphy used on the Book of Kells was insular majuscule, which requires the calligrapher to hold the pen or quill at varying angles as well as turn it upside down.
	pcssd.org /nwoodart/book_of_kells%20WRITTEN%20REPORT.htm (7888 words)

	Aldred's glosses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		In the Latin word Plures 'several' the first two letters are made up from a number of serpent-like forms with birds' heads (the largest one looks to me like a mallard with wolf's ears and a long serpent's tongue -- perhaps this creature is really a dragon).
		The Latin text is otherwise written in a script known as insular majuscule or insular half-uncial.
		Above the words of the Latin text Aldred wrote his glosses in a more cursive script known as insular minuscule.
	www.hf.ntnu.no /engelsk/staff/johannesson/!oemac/texts/oedial/aldred.htm (186 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		On the other % hand, a script might be majuscule or minuscule.
		% The Rotunda and Humanist minuscule hands were developed in Italy and were % essentially a rediscovery of the Carolingian minusucle.
		% \end{macrocode} % % % \subsection{The code for capital letters} % % \thisfont{} `capitals' were drawn with the same pen as for the minuscules, % and the letters were merely larger versions of the minuscules.
	www.math.utah.edu /tex-archive/fonts/bookhands/inslrmaj/inslrmaj.dtx (5117 words)

	E-Intro to Old English - 16. Reading Old English Manuscripts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		These styles included Insular half-uncial, used for fine books in Latin, and the less formal minuscule, used for both Latin and the vernacular.
		Beginning in the tenth century Anglo-Saxon scribes began to use caroline minuscule (developed in Francia during the reign of Charlemagne) for Latin while continuing to write Old English in Insular minuscule.
		Thereafter Old English script was increasingly influenced by caroline minuscule even as it retained certain distinctively Insular letter-forms.
	www.wmich.edu /medieval/research/rawl/IOE/mss.html (1585 words)

	Old English / Anglo-Saxon
		A less formal version of minuscule was used for to write both Latin and Old English.
		From the 10th century Anglo-Saxon scribes began to use Caroline Minuscule for Latin while continuing to write Old English in Insular minuscule.
		Yogh originated from an insular form of g and wynn/wen came from a runic letter and was used to represent the non-Latin sound of [ w ].
	www.omniglot.com /writing/oldenglish.htm (595 words)

	CTAN: View package information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Fonts based on the Insular Minuscule manuscript book-hand.
		The inslrmin and allimin packages provide Metafont fonts based on the Insular Miniscules manuscript book-hand used from the 6th century onwards.
		The font consists of minuscules and digits, with some appropriate period punctuation marks and ligatures.
	www.ctan.org /info?id=inslrmin (52 words)

	Bibliography for Session on Codicology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The occasion for the change, placed at mid-century, is the crisis reached at the monastery by the intense, and mainly continental demand for texts of the house author, Bede: the minuscule script was more economical in terms of parchment used and time employed.
		Nevertheless, Wearmouth-Jarrow's version of insular minuscule retains the house characteristics of consistency and control, typical of its own earlier scripts and atypical of the production of other Anglo-Saxon monasteries.
		Parkes ties scribal to monastic discipline, and concludes with the reminder that "scriptoria [are] essentially historical phenomena, and that the palaeography of the manuscripts produced in them was influenced to a very large extent by historical factors."
	sunsite.berkeley.edu /Scriptorium/Class/cwdbib.htm (1182 words)

	Ligature (typography) - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		One Roman font by the French typefounder Garamond has a small capital ligature "Rx" for use in prescriptions, short for the Latin word "recipe", meaning "take".
		The same font has a minuscule "l" linked to a following apostrophe, for use in such French phrases such as "l'amour".
		For use in ordinal numerals in English, the font has raised small minuscules for "nd", "rd", "st", and "th".
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/Ligature_(typography) (1814 words)

	[No title]
		A variety of scripts are represented, from Carolingian minuscule to the humanistic hands and the "cancelleresca."
		Text in large Gothic minuscule; commentary in smaller professional contemporary hand.
		Large medieval English Gothic minuscule, with ornamental initials.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/spc/sgml/m0299.sgm (680 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		% % % \subsection{The \thisfont{} script} % % The \thisfont{} hand, which is a minuscule script, was in use for some five % centuries and was, in a sense, the sucessor to the Uncial book-hand.
		It was % a much more calligraphic script, and as time went on it became even more % decorated, until it was too time consuming to use.
		% \begin{macrocode} caprat:=1.25; % ratio of capital height to minuscule height % \end{macrocode} % % \DescribeVariable{cap_jutstretch} % The CMR scaling for uppercase serifs wrt 17pt size.
	www.math.utah.edu /pub/tex-archive/fonts/bookhands/auncial/auncial.dtx (4964 words)

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