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Topic: Insulin resistance type B

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	eMedicine - Insulin Resistance : Article Excerpt by Samuel T Olatunbosun
		Type 2 diabetes is characterized by increased hepatic glucose output, increased peripheral resistance to insulin action due to receptor and postreceptor defects, and impaired insulin secretion.
		Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are thought to be responsible for the hyperandrogenism that is characteristic of polycystic ovary disease (PCOD).
		Two major variants of insulin receptor abnormalities associated with acanthosis nigricans have been described—the classic type A insulin resistance syndrome, which is due to an absent or dysfunctional receptor, and type B insulin resistance syndrome, which results from autoantibodies to the insulin receptor.
	www.emedicine.com /med/byname/insulin-resistance.htm (1958 words)

	children with DIABETES - Diabetes Dictionary: I
		Insulin lowers the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood, whereas glucagon raises it; therefore, glucagon is an antagonist of insulin.
		The insulin flows from the pump through a plastic tube (called a catheter) that is connected to a needle inserted into the skin and taped in place.
		Insulin resistance is also linked to high blood pressure and high levels of fat in the blood (see Syndrome X).
	www.childrenwithdiabetes.com /dictionary/i.htm (1763 words)

	Acanthosis Nigricans
		Evidence suggests that AN with insulin resistance type A may be caused by genetic alterations (mutations) that result in a reduced number or an altered structure of insulin receptors (leading to reduced binding with insulin) or abnormalities of the post-receptor pathway, with an impaired response to insulin within targeted cells.
		A second syndrome, known as "AN with insulin resistance type B," is characterized by an abnormal immune reaction (antibody-mediated autoimmune response) in which the body's natural immune defenses inappropriately attack insulin receptors, preventing interaction of insulin with the insulin receptors.
		Detection of an alteration in the insulin-receptor gene in a patient with insulin resistance, acanthosis nigricans, and the polycystic ovary syndrome (type A insulin resistance).
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/nord/nord115.htm (3161 words)

	Insulin - Drugs Store - drugsstore.org
		Insulin (from Latin insula, "island", as it is produced in the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas) is a polypeptide hormone that regulates carbohydrate metabolism.
		Type 2 – multifactoral syndrome with combined influence of genetic susceptibility and influence of environmental factors, the best known being obesity, age, and physical inactivity, resulting in insulin resistance in cells requiring insulin for glucose absorption.
		Insulin from these sources are effective in humans as they are nearly identical to human insulin (two amino acid difference for bovine insulin, one amino acid difference for porcine).
	www.drugsstore.org /insulin.html (3727 words)

	Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Therapy for Type B Insulin Resistance -- Hirano and Adachi 127 (3): 245 -- Annals of ...
		Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Therapy for Type B Insulin Resistance
		The type B insulin-resistance syndrome is characterized by the
		Trial of insulin-like growth factor 1 therapy for patients with extreme insulin resistance syndromes.
	www.annals.org /cgi/content/full/127/3/245-a (524 words)

	insulin resistance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Type and type pressure as understanding of insulin resistance to meet.
		Acid sequence of insulin resistance medical miracle of insulin resistance a insulin resistance Ã-cells of insulin resistance.
		Importance of insulin resistance its role is insulin resistance by ron rosedale md. Researched molecules in 1921 by groups.
	tu.lviv.ua /insulin/insulin-resistance.html (903 words)

	Articles "The Insulin Resistance Syndrome"
		What seems to connect the various features of the syndrome together is something called insulin resistance: that is, a reduced sensitivity in the tissues of the body to the action of insuln, which is, importantly, to bring glucose into those tissues to be used as a source of energy.
		It is not clear how insulin resistance contributes to the presence of high blood pressure, but it is clear that the high insulin levels resulting from insulin resistance contribute to abnormalites in blood lipids—cholesterol and triglycerides.
		This approach to caring for people with the insulin resistance syndrome, that of comprehensive evaluation and risk factor management, is essential if we are to meet and overcome the real health danger which accompanies this constellation of metabolic abnormalities—cardiovascular disease.
	www.woundcare.org /newsvol1n3/ar1.htm (668 words)

	eMedicine - Insulin Resistance : Article by Samuel T Olatunbosun
		Acanthosis nigricans is common in patients with type A syndrome and causes patchy, velvety brown hyperpigmentation plaques that are usually found in flexural areas, especially in the axillae and the nuchal region.
		Type B insulin resistance (autoantibodies to the insulin receptor): Patients usually have symptomatic diabetes mellitus, although ketoacidosis is unusual.
		The treatment of type 2 diabetes and IGT (both are strongly associated with insulin resistance and significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality) should aim at restoring the normal relationship between insulin sensitivity and secretion.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic1173.htm (6502 words)

	NEJM -- Natural course of insulin resistance in type I diabetes
		To examine the natural course of insulin action in Type I diabetes, we followed 15 patients prospectively for one year after the diagnosis of diabetes and also performed a cross-sectional study of 53 additional patients who had had diabetes for 2 to 32 years.
		In patients who had had diabetes for one year or more, insulin action was also reduced by an average of 40 percent (although there was considerable variation between patients), and it was inversely related to glycemic control and relative body weight.
		Thus, in patients with newly diagnosed Type I diabetes, a transient normalization of insulin action may occur after an initial reduction, along with a partial recovery of endogenous insulin secretion, and these events may contribute to the development of a clinical remission ("honeymoon" period).
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/abstract/315/4/224 (987 words)

	Treatment of type 2 diabetes (including Insulin Resistance)
		Type 2 diabetes is characterised by impaired insulin secretion, as well as insulin resistance which can promote the development of...
		Insulin resistance is recognized as a core underlying defect in type 2 diabetes.
		Insulin detemir used in basal-bolus therapy in people with type 1 diabetes is associated with a lower risk of nocturnal hypoglycaemia and less weight gain over 12 months in comparison to NPH insulinDiabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Volume 7 Issue 1 Page 73 - January 2005.
	www.cmeondiabetes.com /pub/treatment.therapies.php (7416 words)

	Increasing fructose 2,6-bisphosphate overcomes hepatic insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes -- Wu et al. 282 (1): E38 ...
		of HGP by insulin is impaired in the presence of insulin resistance.
		A multicomponent insulin response sequence mediates a strong repression of mouse glucose-6-phosphatase gene transcription by insulin.
		Terrettaz, J, and Jeanrenaud B. In vivo hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance in genetically obese (fa/fa) rats.
	ajpendo.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/282/1/E38 (4255 words)

	Heart Disease Testing: Critical information you doctor needs to know to affect a cure
		Type O's on the other hand, produce the least amounts of cortisol and adrenaline in response to stress.
		Blood group A and AB are prone to high cholesterol while Type Os and Bs are more susceptible to carbohydrate intolerance resulting in high triglycerides and insulin resistance.
		Conversely, Type As and ABs have lower levels of this enzyme (intestinal alkaline phosphatase) which is why they are not as able to break down fat which predisposes them to high cholesterol and heart attack.
	altmedangel.com /heartest.htm (1004 words)

	Healing People Network L.P. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Type I, IDDM, is also referred to as juvenile-onset diabetes, with onset in the early teen years in many patients.
		Patients with Type I, IDDM do not respond to sulfonylureas because their pancreas is not capable of producing insulin regardless of drug stimulation.
		Insulin is injected from once to several times daily to control the fluctuation of blood glucose levels.
	www.healingpeople.com /index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=118&I... (3270 words)

	Abdominal fat distribution and peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus -- Miyazaki et al. ...
		Insulin sensitivity was assessed with a two-step euglycemic insulin clamp, as previously described (15).
		was not correlated with VF, DSF, TGD, or hepatic insulin resistance.
		adipocytes and causes insulin resistance in vivo and in vitro
	ajpendo.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/283/6/E1135 (5037 words)

	AccessMedicine - Harrison's Internal Medicine: Pathogenesis
		"Type 1A DM develops as a result of the synergistic effects of genetic, environmental, and immunologic factors that ultimately destroy the pancreatic beta cells.
		The temporal development of type 1A DM is shown schematically as a function of beta cell mass in Fig.
		Beta cell mass then begins to decline, and insulin secretion becomes progressively impaired, although normal glucose tolerance is maintained.
	www.accessmedicine.com /content.aspx?aID=99097 (346 words)

	Insights into insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes from knockout mouse models -- Kadowaki 106 (4): 459 -- Journal of ...
		Insulin resistance and growth retardation in mice lacking insulin receptor substrate-1.
		Role of insulin receptor substrate-1 and pp60 in the regulation of insulin-induced glucose transport and GLUT4 translocation in primary adipocytes.
		Disruption of insulin receptor substrate-2 causes type 2 diabetes due to liver insulin resistance and lack of compensatory ß-cell hyperplasia.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/106/4/459 (5256 words)

	Copied from my other blog
		What is Insulin Resistance?Insulin resistance is a decreased ability to use insulin to transport glucose into the body’s cells where it is needed for energy production.
		Insulin resistance is an impaired metabolic response to our body's own insulin so that active muscle cells cannot take up glucose as easily as they should.
		In that situation, the blood insulin levels are chronically higher which inhibits our fat cells from giving up their energy stores to let us lose weight.
	journals.aol.com /peggikayee/ItIsntMyfault/entries/2005/01/09/.../1105 (602 words)

	Biological Variation of Homeostasis Model Assessment-Derived Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes -- Jayagopal et al. ...
		Insulin resistance was derived using the homeostasis model assessment
		of insulin resistance in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
		Polderman KH, Gooren LJ, Asscheman H, Bakker A, Heine RJ: Induction of insulin resistance by androgens and estrogens.
	care.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/25/11/2022 (2663 words)

	Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes: Association with Truncal Obesity, Impaired Fitness, and Atypical Malonyl ...
		Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes: Association with Truncal Obesity, Impaired Fitness, and Atypical Malonyl Coenzyme A Regulation -- Båvenholm et al.
		Oakes ND, Bell KS, Furler SM, Camilleri S, Saha AK, Ruderman B, Chisholm DJ, Kraegen EW 1997 Diet-induced muscle insulin resistance in rats is ameliorated by acute dietary lipid withdrawal or a single bout of exercise: parallel relationship between insulin stimulation of glucose uptake and suppression of long chain fatty acyl-CoA.
		Hales CN, Randle PJ 1963 Immunoassay of insulin with insulin-antibody precipitate.
	jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/88/1/82 (4691 words)

	Scientists discover "master switch" that triggers insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
		Previous studies had shown that overweight people with insulin resistance had slightly higher activity levels of NF-kB and other substances normally found in inflammation.
		Abnormally high levels are a telltale sign of insulin resistance.
		They also measured blood glucose levels to see if they were higher (consistent with diabetes), and they looked for substances produced along the inflammation pathway.
	www.researchmatters.harvard.edu /story.php?article_id=884 (350 words)

	S-Nitrosylation-dependent Inactivation of Akt/Protein Kinase B in Insulin Resistance -- Yasukawa et al. 280 (9): 7511 ...
		S-Nitrosylation-dependent Inactivation of Akt/Protein Kinase B in Insulin Resistance -- Yasukawa et al.
		Articles by Yasukawa, T. Articles by Kaneki, M. -Nitrosylation-dependent Inactivation of Akt/Protein Kinase B in Insulin Resistance
		B (PKB) in NO donor-treated cells and diabetic (db/db) mice.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/abstract/280/9/7511 (499 words)

	Dealing with insulin resistance - type A - soy
		Material presented for information purposes only and should not be construed to replace the services of a physician.
		Re: Parents of Type A2 w/weak B and Non-secretor
		Elaine DeDella, Type B -- Saturday, 1 April 2000, at 9:00 p.m.
	www.dadamo.com /forum/archive8/config.pl?read=43622 (551 words)

	Dr. Reaven - Type II Diabetes, SyndromeX
		With a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes and not taking insulin.
		the risk for developing type 2 diabetes in a high risk population.
		for heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes
	syndromex.stanford.edu (239 words)

	ScienceDaily: ScienceDaily Breaking News: Science News
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