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Topic: Integrated circuit

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	Integrated circuit - New World Encyclopedia
		A monolithic integrated circuit (also known as IC, microchip, silicon chip, computer chip or chip) is a miniaturized electronic circuit (consisting mainly of semiconductor devices, as well as passive components) that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material.
		A hybrid integrated circuit is a miniaturized electronic circuit constructed of individual semiconductor devices, as well as passive components, bonded to a substrate or circuit board.
		Integrated circuits were made possible by experimental discoveries showing that semiconductor devices could perform the functions of vacuum tubes, and by mid-twentieth-century technology advancements in semiconductor device fabrication.
	www.newworldencyclopedia.org /entry/Integrated_circuit (3410 words)

	Integrated circuit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A hybrid integrated circuit is a miniaturized electronic circuit constructed of individual semiconductor devices, as well as passive components, bonded to a substrate or circuit board.
		The integrated circuit was made possible by experimental discoveries which showed that semiconductor devices could perform the functions of vacuum tubes and by mid-20th-century technology advancements in semiconductor device fabrication.
		The birth of the IC The integrated circuit was first conceived by a radar scientist, Geoffrey W.A. Dummer (born 1909), working for the Royal Radar Establishment of the British Ministry of Defence, and published in Washington, D.C. on May 7, 1952.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Integrated_circuit (3087 words)

	Integrated Circuit - MSN Encarta
		Integrated Circuit, tiny electronic circuit used to perform a specific electronic function, such as amplification; it is usually combined with other components to form a more complex system.
		In large-scale integration (LSI), as many as 5000 circuit elements, such as resistors and transistors, are combined in a square of silicon measuring about 1.3 cm (.5 in) on a side.
		Individual circuit elements on a chip are interconnected by thin metal or semiconductor films, which are insulated from the rest of the circuit by thin dielectric layers.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761570221/Integrated_Circuit.html (480 words)

	integrated circuit. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-07
		The circuit, often called a chip, is packaged in a hermetically sealed case or a nonhermetic plastic capsule, with leads extending from it for input, output, and power-supply connections, and for other connections that may be necessary when the device is put to use.
		Integrated circuits can be classified into two groups based on the type of transistors they contain.
		Integrated circuits are also categorized according to the number of transistors or other active circuit devices they contain.
	www.bartleby.com /65/in/integrated.html (363 words)

	Fusion heat sink for integrated circuit - Patent 5477409
		Integrated circuit package 12 includes an integrated circuit 16, a ceramic housing 18, a multitude of upward extending pins 20, and studs 22 and 24.
		The temperature of integrated circuit 16 is typically significantly higher than that of heat sink assembly 14 since 1) integrated circuit 16 is the heat source, 2) not all heat from integrated circuit 16 is conducted to heat sink assembly 14, and 3) heat sink assembly 14 more effectively radiates accumulated heat.
		Integrated circuit 16 has a safe operating range of 0°-70° C. Fusible core 36 is an alloy of 66% indium and 24% bismuth; this alloy has a melting point of 67° C. The melting point is selected to be slightly below the maximum operating temperature to allow for the thermal gradient between circuit and core.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5477409.html (3733 words)

	The History of the Integrated Circuit
		Integrated circuits are also found in almost every modern electrical device such as cars, television sets, CD players, cellular phones, etc. But what is an integrated circuit and what is the history behind it?
		Jack Kilby is probably most famous for his invention of the integrated circuit, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in the year 2000.
		Besides being one of the early pioneers of the integrated circuit, Robert Noyce also was one of the co-founders of Intel.
	nobelprize.org /educational_games/physics/integrated_circuit/history (2369 words)

	Reference for Integrated circuit - Search.com
		In electronics, an integrated circuit (also known as IC, microcircuit, microchip, silicon chip, or chip) is a miniaturized electronic circuit (consisting mainly of semiconductor devices, as well as passive components) that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material.
		Integrated circuits were made possible by experimental discoveries which showed that semiconductor devices could perform the functions of vacuum tubes, and by mid-20th-century technology advancements in semiconductor device fabrication.
		Integrated circuits such as 1K-bit RAMs, calculator chips, and the first microprocessors, that began to be manufactured in moderate quantities in the early 1970s, had under 4000 transistors.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Integrated_circuit (3997 words)

	Integrated circuit (IC), electronic circuit
		Integrated circuits may include at least two circuit components that are formed on a common semiconductor substrate and which each have self-contained supply voltage systems.
		Integrated circuit packages are utilized to enclose, protect and isolate integrated circuits from potentially hazardous mechanical and environmental elements which may cause damage or destruction.
		Integrated circuit devices that are typically encapsulated in such packages may include high density memory array devices, logic devices, processing units, microcontrollers, communications controllers and associated input and output structures.
	www.electronics-manufacturers.com /products/electrical-electronic-components/integrated-circuit-ic (761 words)

	integrated circuit â“ FREE integrated circuit Information \| Encyclopedia.com: Facts, Pictures, Information!
		integrated circuit (IC), electronic circuit built on a semiconductor substrate, usually one of single-crystal silicon.
		ESD protection for bipolar integrated circuits: integrated circuits require protection from electrostatic discharge (ESD).
		Kilby's fingernail-size integrated circuit, a forerunner of the...
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-integrated.html (1038 words)

	Application-specific integrated circuit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) is an integrated circuit (IC) customised for a particular use, rather than intended for general-purpose use.
		In contrast, the 7400 series and 4000 series integrated circuits are logic building blocks that can be wired together to perform many different applications.
		Standard-cell Integrated Circuits (ICs) are designed in the following conceptual stages, although these stages overlap significantly in practice.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Application-specific_integrated_circuit (2377 words)

	Calculator Electronics - Integrated Circuits
		Integrating several transistors and other components in one semiconductor device to produce an integrated circuit was first performed by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments in 1958.
		Integrated circuits started to be used in calculators from the mid 1960s.
		Above are six MSI integrated circuits on one of the circuit boards of the Ricoh RICOHMAC 1200.
	www.vintagecalculators.com /html/integrated_circuits.html (1509 words)

	INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In electronics, a circuit whose step-function input voltage causes its output to change in a step-function manner from a specific value of voltage to another is a digital circuit.
		The degree of deviation of the output voltage of a linear circuit from a proportional (straight-line) response to its input voltage is called "distortion".
		In the circuit shown in Figure 4.3, the digital input and output pulses, as well as the polarity of the supply voltage, is positive with respect to the circuit reference.
	tstctech.com /cd/Part_three/Integrated_Circuits/integrated_circuit.htm (4212 words)

	Integrated Circuit History - Invention of the Integrated Circuit
		Fairchild Semiconductor filed a patent for a semiconductor integrated circuit based on the planar process on July 30, 1959, touching off a decade-long legal battle between Fairchild and Texas Instruments, which previously had filed a similar patent based on Kilby’s technology.
		Hailed for inventing integrated circuit It would be hard to pick him out as one of the most important men of this century.
		An integrated circuit is an assembly of interconnected components on a small semiconductor chip, usually made of silicon.
	www.ideafinder.com /history/inventions/integratedcircuit.htm (1538 words)

	Integrated Circuit Development
		The disadvantage of this semi-custom approach is that the circuit is not necessarily optimized for speed and density; however, the advantage is that once the logic gates have been verified, the time and cost required to design a new function or modify an existing design is greatly reduced in comparison to the full custom approach.
		Additional test circuits that have been designed during the 1990s include a continuity test circuit that can be used to verify new types of assembly interconnect techniques, and a specialized chip to distribute clock signals to many locations within a large digital system.
		Integrated circuit technologies based on silicon and variants of silicon have also made remarkable progress during the past decade; we have worked with these silicon-based technologies as well.
	www.mayo.edu /sppdg/ic_development.html (2380 words)

	The Chip Collection - TI Integrated Circuit Object Listing - Smithsonian Institution
		The circuit is a Single-phase J-K Flip-flop with preset.
		The board was designed in SC Integrated Circuits with help from Industrial Products of the Apparatus Division and manufactured good mechanical protection of the IC in testing and burn in, its size and loading time were negative factors.
		Because integrated circuits in the flatpack were dissimilar to existing packages, TI had to develop test boards to facilitate use of I/C's.
	smithsonianchips.si.edu /texas/ic.htm (11053 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Integrated circuit
		Digital memory chips are another family of integrated circuits that are crucially important in modern society.
		Capacitive structures, in form very much like the parallel conducting plates of a traditional electrical capacitor, are formed according to the area of the "plates", with insulating material between the plates.
		The integrated circuit was first conceived by a radar scientist, Geoffrey W.A. Dummer (born 1909), working for the Royal Radar Establishment of the British Ministry of Defence, and published in Washington DC on May 7, 1952.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Integrated_circuit (2162 words)

	03-16-06 OSU Creates World's First Transparent Integrated Circuit
		The circuit is a five-stage "ring oscillator," commonly used in electronics for testing and new technology demonstration.
		The new transparent integrated circuit is made from indium gallium oxide.
		We might be able to bring transparent integrated circuits to widespread use in five years or so, a process that took a couple of decades in the early evolution of conventional electronics."
	oregonstate.edu /dept/ncs/newsarch/2006/Mar06/circuit.htm (827 words)

	integrated circuit - Ecommerce Guide - Terms You Need to Know to Do Business on the Internet
		The first integrated circuit was developed in the 1950s by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor.
		Integrated circuits are used for a variety of devices, including microprocessors, audio and video equipment, and automobiles.
		AMD is a supplier of integrated circuits for the personal and networked computer and communications markets and their home page provides links to product and company information, technical support, literature ordering, FAQs, and news.
	e-comm.webopedia.com /TERM/S/integrated_circuit_IC.html (394 words)

	IEEEVM: Integrated Circuits
		An integrated circuit is a thin slice of silicon or sometimes another material that has been specially processed so that a tiny electric circuit is etched on its surface.
		The first integrated circuits were based on the idea that the same process used to make clusters of transistors on silicon wafers might be used to make a functional circuit, such as an amplifier circuit or a computer logic circuit.
		Compared to the original integrated circuit, which was a simple device with just a few components, the number of components on today's' integrated circuits is amazing.
	www.ieee-virtual-museum.org /collection/tech.php?id=2345732&lid=1 (513 words)

	Integrated circuit
		A monolithic integrated circuit (IC) or often referred to as a microchip or simply chip is a miniaturized electronic circuit (consisting mainly of semiconductor devices, as well as passive components) which has been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material..
		Circuit design The process of circuit design can cover systems ranging from national power grids all the way down to the individual transistors within an integrated...
		Microchip implant (animal) — A microchip is an identifying integrated circuit placed under the skin of a dog, cat, or other animal.
	www.sciencedaily.com /articles/i/integrated_circuit.htm (622 words)

	What is integrated circuit? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		The first integrated circuit was developed in the 1950s by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor.
		Integrated circuits are used for a variety of devices, including microprocessors, audio and video equipment, and automobiles.
		AMD is a supplier of integrated circuits for the personal and networked computer and communications markets and their home page provides links to product and company information, technical support, literature ordering, FAQs, and news.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/I/integrated_circuit_IC.html (811 words)

	INTEGRATED CIRCUIT MASKS (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The time required to generate circuit masks of this complexity has been reduced to a matter of hours as compared to hundreds of hours if traditional techniques are used.
		In the final step, the exposed and developed plates are placed in a step-and-repeat camera to form a complete array of chip patterns at final size on photographic plates which, in turn, are used to expose the array of chip patterns on the semiconductor wafer.
		Th[is] photograph shows an integrated circuit chip of 55 NOR circuits, which was fabricated from masks generated in the experimental automated process.
	americanhistory.si.edu /collections/scienceservice/exhibit5.htm (1024 words)

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