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	Intel 8048 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Intel 8048 microcontroller (µC), Intel's first µC, was used in the Magnavox Odyssey² video game console and (in its 8042 variant) in the original IBM PC keyboard.
		The 8048 is probably the most prominent member of Intel's MCS-48 family of microcontrollers.
		Though the 8048 was eventually replaced by the very popular Intel 8051, even at the turn of the millennium it remains quite popular, due to its low cost, wide availability, memory efficient one-byte instruction set, and mature development tools.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intel_8048 (373 words)

	Intel 8048 - Computing Reference - eLook.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The 8048 was inspired by, and similar to, the Fairchild F8 microprocessor but, being a microcontroller, was designed for low cost and small size.
		The 8048 has a modified Harvard architecture, with program ROM on chip and 64 to 256 bytes of RAM also on chip.
		Though the 8048 was eventually replaced by the very popular but bizarre Intel 8051 and Intel 8052, even in 2000 it is still very popular due to its low cost, wide availability, and development tools.
	www.elook.org /computing/intel-8048.htm (97 words)

	School of Computer & Information Science - University of South Australia
		The Intel 8086 was based on the design of the 8080/8085 (source compatible with the 8080) with a similar register set, but was expanded to 16 bits.
		Intel bubble memory was on the market for a while, but faded away as better and cheaper memory technologies arrived.
		It was intended to be the main Intel microprocessor (some said the 80286 was envisioned as a step between the 8086 and the 432, others claim the 8086 was to be the bridge to the 432, rushed through design when the 432 was late and resulting in its many design problems).
	www.cis.unisa.edu.au /~cisbkg/cso/resources/cpu_history.html (16732 words)

	Great Microprocessors of the Past and Present: Before the Great Dark Cloud.
		Texax Instruments followed the Intel 4004/4040 closely with the 4-bit TMS 1000, which was the first microprocessor to include enough RAM, and space for a program ROM, to allow it to operate without multiple external support chips.
		Intel updated the design with the 8085 (1976), which added two instructions to enable/disable three added interrupt pins (and the serial I/O pins), and simplified hardware by only using +5V power, and adding clock generator and bus controller circuits on-chip.
		Initially similar to the Fairchild F8, the Intel 8048 was also designed as a microcontroller rather than a microprocessor - low cost and small size was the main goal.
	www.microprocessor.sscc.ru /great/s1.html (2987 words)

	[No title]
		The Intel 8048 single-chip microprocessor used in a multiprocessor architecture was also proposed by an IBM group in the Northeast.
		Intel, however, provided a migration strategy from the 8080 architecture and software to the 8086 architecture.
		The 8080 was used as a communications controller in the IBM 5100 portable computer, the 8086 was used in the IBM Display writer, the 8085 was used in the 5250 terminals for the System 3X mainframes and the IBM Data Master, and the 8048 was used in IBM keyboards.
	www.nd.edu /~milind/arch/pc.design (978 words)

	CPU History - The CPU Museum - Intel Microcontroller Families
		Intel used several naming conventions to specify wether the chip had ROM or not.
		The Intel 8048 microcontroller, Intel's first µC, was used in the Magnavox Odyssey²; video game console (as a 100KHz 8021) and (in its 8042 variant) in the original IBM PC keyboard.
		The 8048 is probably the most prominent member of Intel's MCS-48 familiy of microcontrollers.
	www.cpushack.net /IntelMicrocontrollers.html (873 words)

	Chips.5u.com
		Intel's Ted Hoff felt differently; he was the first person to recognize that the new silicon-gated MOS technology might make a single-chip CPU (central processing unit) possible.
		In fact, Intel implemented an "s-spec" rating which is marked on each Pentium CPU which tells the owner some key data about the processor in order to make sure they have their motherboard set correctly.
		Intel also did some re-working of the P4's internal cache in order to nullify the effects of a mistake in branch prediction that can be a real lag with a 20-stage pipeline.
	www.chips.5u.com /idxhst.html (10116 words)

	Joe's On-line Multibus Circuit Board Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		However Intel quickly found that many people were buying the MDS boards in order to build these own computers and computer controlled equipment, so they started selling them as OEM boards.
		These are marked INTEL and Communications Expansion Board near the center of the board and PWA 142693-002 on a paper sticker.
		The iLBX bus (Intel Local Bus eXtension) was developed by Intel in an effort to overcome the bandwidth limitations of the main (Multibus) bus, particularly in multi-processor systems or systems with lots of I/O. Their intention was to give each CPU it's own local bus for things like I/O and some amount of local memory.
	www.classiccmp.org /hp/multibus/multibus.html (6455 words)

	IMSAI 8048 Computer
		Background- The IMSAI 8048 Control Computer was one of the products envisioned in early 1977 when Microprocessor chip-maker Intel released confidential pre-release information to IMSAI regarding their about-to-be-announced 8048 controller chip.
		The Intel 8048/8748/8035 micro-computer chips are designed to accommodate three separate memory spaces: Program memory, Internal data memory (registers), and external data memory.
		A raw ad photo of one of the five 8048 Control Computer prototypes I built while working in Engineering for IMSAI in March of 1977.
	www.imsai.net /history/imsai_history/imsai_8048_control_computer.htm (770 words)

	CPU-World: Intel 8048 (MCS-48) microcontroller family
		Intel 8048 is a member of Intel MCS-48 family of 8-bit microcontrollers.
		The MCU has on-chip clock oscillator, 2 8-bit timers, 27 I/O ports, 64 bytes of RAM and 1 KB of masked ROM.
		The program and data memory of the 8048 can be expanded to 4 KB and 320 bytes respectively.
	www.cpu-world.com /CPUs/8048 (60 words)

	ExtremeTech: Embedded Processors, Part One (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		There's an 8-bit processor (probably a Philips or Intel 8048) in your keyboard, another processor in your mouse, a CPU in each hard disk drive and floppy drive, one in your CD-ROM, a big one in your graphics accelerator, a CPU buried in your USB interface, another processor handling your NIC, and so on.
		There's an 8048 microprocessor (or a clone) in your keyboard that laboriously polls all the keys and sends a byte down the cable every time something moves up or down.
		Intel dominates the desktop only because all computers are more or less the same.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_zdext/is_200201/ai_ziff21014 (1380 words)

	IntelHexFile
		Currently, this class supports both the original byte-oriented Intel version (8048, 8051, etc.) via method "parseIntel8Bit()" as well as the word-oriented (16-bit) version used by Arizona Microchip for their PIC series of microcontrollers via method "parsePic16Bit()".
		This class may be used either directly with a Java long[] array for the memory data, or a HADES hades.models.memory.Memory object.
		INTEL MCS-86 HEXADECIMAL OBJECT File Format Code 88 The Intel 16-bit Hexadecimal Object record format has a 9-character (4 field) prefix that defines the start of the record, byte count, load address, and record type, as well as a 2-character checksum suffix.
	tech-www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de /applets/hades/classdoc/hades/utils/IntelHexFile.html (557 words)

	Great Microprocessors of the Past and Present
		Texas Instruments followed the Intel 4004/4040 closely with the 4-bit TMS 1000, which was the first microprocessor to include enough RAM, and space for a program ROM, to allow it to operate without multiple external support chips.
		Intel also used BiCMOS in the Pentium and Pentium Pro to achieve clock rates competitive with CMOS load-store processors (the Pentium P55C (early 1997) version is a pure CMOS design).
		The K7 replaces the Intel-compatible bus of the K6 with the high speed Alpha EV6 bus because Intel decided to prevent competitors from using its own higher speed bus designs (Dirk Meyer was director of engineering for the K7, as well as co-architect of the Alpha 21064 and 21264).
	www.geocities.com /rabeeljaved/cpuhis.html (15799 words)

	Glossary
		Intel continued to use this naming convention to describe its other families processors and eventually the "Set" became "System".
		The 2901 was a peer of the Intel 8080, but the 8080 could only handle 8-bits of data at time.
		The second, advantage of the Bit-slice design is the fact that the two chip design allowed the chips to use bipolar chip technology (example: the Intel 3002).
	www.antiquetech.com /glossary/glossary.htm (1684 words)

	Intel Microcontrollers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The 80186 was an improvement on the Intel 8086 and Intel 8088.
		The Intel 8048 microcontroller, Intel's first µC, was used in the Magnavox Odyssey² video game console and (in its 8042 variant) in the original IBM PC keyboard.
		It was inspired by, and is somewhat similar to, the Fairchild F8 microprocessor.The 8048 has a modified Harvard architecture, with internal or external program ROM and 64–256 bytes of internal (on-chip) RAM.
	www.intelmicrocontrollers.info (1077 words)

	Dan B's Odyssey 2 Tech Page
		I began development of this emulator in the Fall of '96 and quickly found out that there was almost no technical information available on this machine.
		I started out with the Intel 8048 data book (the processor the O2 uses) and started to work out all the technical information on my own.
		To use the emulator you will need a copy of the O2's 1K BIOS ROM (which is in the 8048) and O2ROM cart images.
	atarihq.com /danb/o2.shtml (602 words)

	Some popular microcontrollers
		Although a bit long in the tooth and a bit kludgey in design (at least by today's standards), it is still very popular due to its very low cost, availability, and wide range of development tools.
		Intel Corp. has recently introduced a clock-doubled (50MHz) version of the 80c196.
		PIC (MicroChip) While watching my 8 year old daughter play with her Barbie Dolls (she has about 7 or so, including two that used to belong to Roz, my wife, when she was a girl) I noticed an interesting difference between the old dolls and the new dolls.
	www.esacademy.com /automation/faq/primer/5.htm (2327 words)

	[No title]
		Intel 4004/4040 closely with the 4-bit TMS 1000, which was the first microprocessor to include enough RAM, and space for a program ROM, and I/O support on a single chip to allow it to operate without multiple external support chips, making it the first microcontroller.
		AMD K5, and Intel's "Pentium Pro", the the third stage of the 10-stage 68060 pipeline translates the 680x0 instructions to a decoded RISC-like form (stored in a 16 entry buffer in stage four).
		Intel 80x86 processors, although much of the development of the superscalar core for a new AMD 29000 (including FPU designs from the 29050) was shared with the
	cetusm.com /resources/cpuinfo.htm (15101 words)

	EyeTap Personal Imaging Lab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Texas Instruments followed the Intel 4004/4040 closely with the 4-bit TMS 1000, which was the first microprocessor to include enough RAM, and space for a program ROM, and I/O support on a single chip to allow it to operate without multiple external support chips, making it the first microcontroller.
		Intel used two teams for alternating 80x86 designs, the P5 team started work on the P7, originally a 64 bit version like the AMD K8, while the other team worked on the P6.
		Intel, with partner Hewlett-Packard, developed a next generation 64-bit processor architecture called IA-64 (the 80x86 design was renamed IA-32) - the first implementation was named Itanium.
	www.eyetap.org /ece385/lecture2 (15636 words)

	Intel 8084 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Intel 8084 is some obscure chip by Intel, and not a keyboard controller originally introduced in the PC/XT, which was rather the Intel 8048 on the keyboard and Intel 8042 on the motherboard.
		This article has been created by mistake, probably by a dyslectic, the kind who wonders all the night whether Dog exists...
		EDIT: I've found that Intel 8084 was a central processor, used in the TV game set called Philips G7400.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intel_8084 (147 words)

	NetLingo.com Dictionary of Internet Terms: Online Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The author of "The Intel 8086 Primer", who was one of the original designers of the 8086, noted that there was originally a `SEX' instruction on that processor, too.
		He says that Intel management got cold feet and decreed that it be changed, and thus the instruction was renamed `CBW' and `CWD' (depending on what was being extended).
		Amusingly, the Intel 8048 (the microcontroller used in IBM PC keyboards) is also missing straight `SEX' but has logical-or and logical-and instructions `ORL' and `ANL'.
	www.netlingo.com /right.cfm?term=SEX (309 words)

	Canon CP2010 Calculator
		The Canon CP2010 utilizes Intel 8048 microcontrollers to run the entire operation of the calculator.
		There are two 8048's, one in the 'base' unit, which controls the printer, display, and communications with the 'keyboard' unit, and the second 8048, in the keyboard unit, which handles the keyboard, does all of the math and housekeeping for the calculator, and communicates with the 'base' unit for display and printing functions.
		Both 8048 processors run off of crystal controlled 6MHz clocks.
	www.oldcalculatormuseum.com /canoncp2010.html (505 words)

	Chipdir
		The 8035 8039 8048 8049 8748 and 8749 all seem to have the same pin-layout and instruction set, but it's different from that of the 8051.
		As part of Intel's effort to continually invest in state-of-the-art technology, and because of changes within the market segment, Intel will cease offering the 8XC152JA, 8XC152JB, 8XC152JC, and 8XC152JD microcontrollers.
		As part of Intel's effort to continually invest in state-of-the-art technology, and because of changes within the market segment, Intel will cease offering the 8XC51GB microcontroller.
	margo.student.utwente.nl /stefan/chipdir/fam/8051 (703 words)

	UC Davis GSM - Dean's Distinguished Speaker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Stamm began his career at Intel Corporation as department manager of high-integration microprocessors from 1974 to 1980.
		At Intel, he created the concept and circuit design for the Intel 8048, the first single-chip, 8-bit microprocessor and the most second-sourced microprocessor in history.
		After leaving Intel in 1980, Stamm founded Daisy Systems, a manufacturer of software used in microprocessor design.
	www.gsm.ucdavis.edu /corporate_partners/distinguished_speakers/stamm.htm (277 words)

	8/16
		An Intel 8031/8051 absolute assembler written by Ken Stauffer of Ucalgary.
		It uses the standard Intel 8051 cross-assembler syntax and produces absolute hex format output.
		DIS48 is an Intel 8048/49 dissassembler written by Kirk Lanctot.
	www.microcross.com /html/8_16.html (402 words)

	OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		But this console never made it to the shelves, and the Odyssey² (a complete different system in fact) was marketed instead.
		The system is powered by an Intel 8048 microcontroller and a Video Display Controller (VDC) generating all audio & video.
		This VDC, which is a custom Intel IC, can generate 4 different types of graphic objects: a background grid, single characters, quad characters (made of 4 single characters) and sprites.
	www.old-computers.com /museum/computer.asp?st=2&c=695 (458 words)

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