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Topic: Intellectual capital

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	http://euro.ecom.cmu.edu/resources/elibrary/ecllinks.shtml
		To become structural capital it must be recorded in some tangible form or used to modify the structure or procedures used by the organization.
		Intellectual property - Intellectual capital that is legally protectible, falling primarily into the categories of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret, but sometimes deemed to include non-competition agreements and unfair competition law.
		In intellectual property, opinions of counsel are sought because they may have the effect of mitigating damages or providing the client with certain legal defenses in court even if the opinion should turn out to be incorrect.
	euro.ecom.cmu.edu /resources/elibrary/icgloss.shtml (7314 words)

	Intellectual capital - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Brand and intellectual capital debates are generally inseparable from larger debates on role of corporations and governments, and larger debates among anthropologists, primatologists and sociologists on imitation versus creativity in shaping human behavior.
		The question of the contribution of intellectual capital that combines the two in a process is more likely a matter of political economy, and difficult to separate from other issues of relative values of capital across a whole economy or society.
		It is sometimes argued that theorists of intellectual capital, by assuming individual and instructional contributions are inseparable or both equally valuable or not reliant on social trust at all but rather vague "intellect", are deliberately forcing their political economy to conform to ideals of neoclassical economics or even libertarian parties.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intellectual_capital (2280 words)

	Intellectual Capital at Skandia
		Intellectual capital encompasses the access to and use of all employees' knowledge and applied experience, and the organizational structure, technology, and professional systems within a firm.
		Intellectual capital is the soft and intangible part of the value of the company in addition to the financial balance sheet (Figure 2).
		Leif Edvinsson is the Director of Intellectual Capital at Skandia AFS in Stockholm, Sweden.
	www.fpm.com /cases/el3.html (3211 words)

	Measuring Intellectual Capital at Skandia Group (FPM)
		That is where you have the intellectual capital and that is why you probably sense there is something else driving the future for us rather than the traditional balance sheet.
		The agenda for the intellectual capital approach is related to these four steps: identify, capture, cultivate and channel, and capitalise leverage.
		You have this notion of intellectual capital and a different language and this is quite a different way of looking at a company than the traditional way.
	www.fpm.com /script/UK/Jun93/930602.htm (6077 words)

	Intellectual Property – The Basis for Venture Capital Investments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Intellectual property is an integral part of value creation in a technology-based enterprise and as such is a critical element in obtaining venture capital for SMEs.
		Intellectual property generates capital and is impacted by capital and, in turn, impacts the availability of venture capital.
		An important factor, which stimulates intellectual property development and in turn leads to additional availability of venture capital, is the respect for intellectual property rights in general, as this too leads to mitigation of risks.
	www.wipo.int /sme/en/documents/venture_capital_investments.htm (1338 words)

	Entovation International - The Intellectual Capital of Nations
		Century — called for the “harnessing of the intellectual capital of the nation.” At the time it was a global competitive agenda; now we now it is a function of international collaboration - http://www.entovation.com/backgrnd/future.htm.
		Believing that Intellectual Capital (IC) is the driving force for the future wealth creation and provides the roots for the “future fruits of nations as well as organizations,” they hosted the Vaxholm Summit — the First International Meeting on Visualizing and Measuring the IC of Nations in August 1998.
		Intellectual Capital Statements — similar to the ones originally produced by Skandia, such as http://www.entovation.com/innovation/skandia.htm - are used as both an internal management tool as well as an external communication tool to attract new staff, clients and perhaps new investment capital.
	www.entovation.com /whatsnew/ic-nations.htm (1861 words)

	[No title]
		Knowledge assets or intellectual capital may be described as the “hidden” assets of a country that underpin its growth, fuel its growth and drive stakeholder value.
		Renewal and Development Capital: This component of intellectual capital reflects the nation’s capabilities and actual investments for future growth such as research and development, patents, trademarks, and start-up companies that may be considered as determinants of national competence in future markets.
		The distinction between financial capital and intellectual capital was underscored to suggest that while former is a reflection of the country’s past progress and achievements, the latter provides a more accurate depiction of future growth and performance.
	www.kmnetwork.com /intellectualcapital.htm (7422 words)

	MHC International Limited - News Item (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Intellectual capital is the use and management of knowledge to create shareholder value and company growth.
		Essentially, the physical capital of a company is what is left when the lights go out at the end of the day whereas the intellectual capital is what makes that capital produce business, profits and growth — this has also been referred to as the 'intangible assets' of a company.
		that intellectual capital is a concept that is extremely flexible but it is complicated for anybody to make sense out of the very different contributions, all suggesting slightly different variations of the same idea.
	www.mhcinternational.com /intellectual_capital.htm (1143 words)

	Majink: Intellectual capital (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Intellectual capital management theory, in one form or another, has been around since the 1960s, but well thought-out and properly executed examples of it are still rare in industry.
		"Intellectual capital management and peoples capability to learn together and create processes to increase human and social capital are the success factors that seem to become the most crucial in competition between nations" (CS, p.1).
		Finally, organizational capital, the most commonly recognized type of intellectual capital is not ignored in the Parliamentary case study.
	www.majink.org /projects/km/IC.shtml (1979 words)

	Stewart: Intellectual Capital
		Intellectual Capital should be read as if the futures of your company and your career depend on it.
		Intellectual capital is the synergy, flexibility and strength gained from focusing and investing in three fundamentals: human capital, structural capital and customer capital.
		Intellectual Capital : The New Wealth of Organizations by Thomas A. Stewart, is a must read for educators.
	home.att.net /~discon/KM/Stewart.htm (2160 words)

	Report from the Field: The Resurgence of Intellectual Capital
		But it soon became apparent that however attractive measuring intellectual capital was in principle, in practice it was difficult, and in most cases impractical if not impossible.
		Since then, intellectual capital has returned with a vengeance, not as an asset to be measured, but as an asset to be managed.
		The thrust of the first wave of enthusiasm for intellectual capital was that it should be treated as one of the economic “factors” of production, alongside the traditional factors, such as land, labor, financial capital, and energy.
	infotoday.com /it/sep00/koenig.htm (918 words)

	Interview with Leif Edvinsson: “Intellectual Capital: the new wealth of corporations”
		Edvinsson is today the inspirator CEO of Universal Networking Intellectual Capital, UNIC (a conceptual company for Intellectual Properties management based on the theories of Intellectual Capital, and Professor for Intellectual Capital at the University of Lund in Schweden.
		If your structural capital is too weak, it will not turn human capital into value and the value of your under-exploited human capital will decrease as well.
		It is the quality of its structural capital that determines, what a company is able to create from its human capital, with its talented people, what a company is able to make out of individual knowledge.
	www.juergendaum.com /news/11_13_2001.htm (1593 words)

	Intellectual Capital Management: A Sustainable Advantage
		Indeed, in companies around the world — particularly those vested heavily in the intellectual toolboxes of their people — the creation, identification and application of intellectual capital represents the one truly sustainable source of competitive advantage.
		On the intellectual capital management Hype Cycle, active IP portfolio management is at the peak of inflated expectations, while the category of intangible assets is set to be the most-hyped trend in 4Q01 and into 2002.
		Intellectual capital is a wasting asset that requires constant development.
	www.gartner.com /pages/story.php.id.2354.s.8.jsp (440 words)

	Capital (economics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On the other hand, constant capital refers to investment in non-human factors of production, such as plant and machinery, which Marx takes to contribute only its own replacement value to the commodities it is used to produce.
		Since capital is defined by him as being goods of higher-order, or goods used to produce consumer goods, and derived their value from them, being future goods.
		However, this increasingly distinguishes means of capital investment, and collection of potential rewards for patent, copyright (creative or individual capital), and trademark (social trust or social capital) instruments.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Capital_(economics) (957 words)

	Human Assets
		Dividing the Intellectual Capital earnings by the company's average cost of capital or by a reference interest rate results in an estimate of the value of an organization's Intellectual Capital.
		Adjustments are made to the P and L. Intellectual Capital is measured by calculation of the contribution of human assets held by a company divided by capitalized salary expenditures."
		Intellectual Capital and its performance is measured based on the impact of research development efforts on a series of indices, such as number of patents and cost of patents to sales turnover, that describe the firm's patents."
	www.galaxymall.com /services/humanassets/valuingknowledge.html (1086 words)

	Knowledge Management and Intellectual Capital (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Intellectual capital is implicated in recent economic, managerial, technological, and sociological developments in a manner previously unknown and largely unforeseen.
		For if double entry is to apply in the area of intellectual capital then with every debit (in the sense of a building up) there should also be allowed the possibility of a credit (in the sense of a reducing down).
		In fact intellectual capital is more appropriately derived as a net figure (subtracting intellectual liabilities from intellectual assets) rather than a mere summation of the organization's identified intellectual assets.
	www.apmforum.com /emerald/knowledge-management-3.htm (3930 words)

	Profiting from Intellectual Capital Extracting Value from Innovation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This book explains why intellectual property is a financial asset and helps companies understand what it is, where it resides, how to invest it, and how to harvest it, to optimize shareholder value.
		Provides a guide that breaks down the process of working with intellectual capital into two areas, creating value and extracting value, and outlines how companies can increase the value of their intellectual capital portfolio.
		A frequent speaker on intellectual capital management issues, Dr. Sullivan is the coauthor of Technology Licensing, also published by Wiley.
	www.ipbookstore.com /books/profiting_ip_capital.asp (897 words)

	Intellectual Capital: Tomorrow's Asset, Today's Challenge, by Barry Brinker, CPA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Intellectual capital holds far-reaching implications for the accounting profession, which should seize the opportunity to help measure and audit what makes companies valuable.
		Valuing intellectual capital is undoubtedly fraught with risk (though not valuing it may prove even more risky if it means that accounting will increasingly lose relevance).
		Others confuse it with intellectual property (such as copyrights, patents, and the like), which is actually merely a subset of intellectual capital.
	www.cpavision.org /vision/wpaper05b.cfm (4652 words)

	Agency Financial Management 7/99
		Recently, intellectual capital is being used to explain the tangible difference between the market value of companies and their book value, which has been widening since the early 1980s.
		And this recognition of the value of intellectual capital is in turn beginning to change the way we look at corporate performance--shifting from traditional backward-looking accounting views to new, more forward-looking performance views.
		Following are some of the guidelines contained in the roadmap by Harbor Capital Advisors to improve overall knowledge management and the value of intellectual capital.
	www.roughnotes.com /rnmagazine/1999/july99/07p94.htm (792 words)

	Building Market Capitalization With Intellectual Capital Assets
		This means that the value being contributed by their intangible Intellectual Capital Assets is significantly greater than the value contributed by their largely optimized physical assets.
		Given the tremendous power of Intellectual Capital Assets to influence the valuation of an enterprise, it is critical that executives learn to employ these assets to improve profitability and increase shareholder value.
		Now that these Intellectual Capital Assets have come into focus, it is a fiduciary responsibility of enterprise executives to ensure that such assets are recognized, performance metrics established, and that they are successfully exploited.
	www.klminc.com /intellect_cap/buildingmrkt_cap.html (614 words)

	OCEAN TOMO
		Within the last quarter century, intellectual capital has emerged as the leading asset class.
		The term "intellectual capital" refers generally to traditional intellectual property assets - patents, trademarks and copyrights.
		The growth in the value of intellectual capital equity can be seen when evaluating the market capitalization of the SandP 500 as shown in the chart below.
	www.oceantomo.com /ICE.html (110 words)

	Intellectual capital management
		Intellectual capital management information tools and resources to build your business intellectual capital, customer capital, intangible assets and business intelligence.
		The growing discrepancy between market value and book value of a corporation is largely attributed to intellectual capital, the intangibles of the business that underpin future growth.
		Intellectual capital includes assets such as brands, customer relationships, patents, trade marks and, of course, knowledge.
	www.knowledgepoint.com.au /intellectual_capital (120 words)

	Intellectual Capital How to Convert Intangible Corporate Assets Into Market Value (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Value-Driven Intellectual Capital is a corporate and financial executives' handbook to the new world of intangible assets-what they are and how to convert them into cash or strategic position.
		And since it is managerial talent that turns intellectual property into business assets, the book provides an arsenal of key concepts, methods, and processes for aligning with and using intellectual property as an active element of a firm's business strategies.
		He is a frequent contributor of articles on intellectual capital management for leading journals, the author of Profiting from Intellectual Capital, and the coauthor of Technology Licensing: Corporate Strategies for Maximizing Value, both published by Wiley.
	www.ipbookstore.com /books/intellectual_capital.asp (778 words)

	IngentaConnect Intellectual capital disclosure and market capitalization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The paper also aims to investigate the effects of disclosure of intellectual capital on market capitalization.
		Design/methodology/approach - The components of intellectual capital are used as units of analysis to content analyze the annual reports of a sample of 58 Fortune 500 companies over the five-year period of 1993-1997.
		The results also point to significant differences between the "new" and "old" economy sectors with respect to intellectual capital categories of brand and partnerships where there is more disclosure by "old" economy sector and information technology and intellectual property where there is more disclosure by the "new" economy sector.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/mcb/250/2005/00000006/00000003/art00007 (296 words)

	Amazon.com: Intellectual Capital: Books: Thomas A. Stewart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As with that gold, however, intellectual capital must first be appreciated; located and recovered; and then organized and managed with meticulous care.
		Intellectual capital is a value-creation and profit-building exercise, and it needs to be presented as a financial campaign plan, not a technology plan, not a human resources plan, and not a sales and marketing plan.
		The author defines intellectual capital, its characteristics that are different from physical property, and the implications.
	www.amazon.com /Intellectual-Capital-Thomas-Stewart/dp/0385482280 (2145 words)

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