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	World Intellectual Property Organisation \| Traditional Knowledge \| Intellectual Property Policy
		As part of its work in examining the interface between intellectual property ("IP") and traditional knowledge ("TK") the IGC is developing two sets of documents on policy objectives and principles for the protection of TK and traditional cultural expressions ("TCE" as a subset of TK, also referred to as folklore).
		The Tenth Session of the IGC was held in Geneva from 30 November to 8 December 2006.
		The World Intellectual Property Organization is conducting a study on the role of customary law of indigenous communities in relation to their traditional knowledge and its relevance within the intellectual property system.
	www.med.govt.nz /templates/ContentTopicSummary____7577.aspx (400 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		WIPO was created in 1967 with the stated purpose of encouraging creative activity and promoting the protection of intellectual property throughout the world.
		WIPO was formally created by the Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (Signed at Stockholm on July 14, 1967 and as amended on September 28, 1979).
		In the 1980s, this led to the United States "forum shifting" intellectual property standard-setting out of WIPO and into the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which later evolved into the World Trade Organization, where the North had greater control of the agenda.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organisation (745 words)

	Intellectual property - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Intellectual property laws confer a bundle of exclusive rights in relation to the particular form or manner in which ideas or information are expressed or manifested, and not in relation to the ideas or concepts themselves (see idea-expression divide).
		The basic public policy rationale for the protection of intellectual property is that IP laws facilitate and encourage the pursuit and disclosure of innovation into the public domain for the common good, by granting authors and inventors exclusive rights to exploit their works and invention for a limited period.
		The exclusive rights granted by intellectual property laws are generally negative in nature, and therefore only grant the holder of IP the ability to exclude third parties from infringing on their monopoly.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intellectual_property (5991 words)

	Intellectual property - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		The basic public policy rationale for the protection of intellectual property is that IP laws facilitate and encourage disclosure of innovation into the public domain for the common good, by granting authors and inventors exclusive rights to exploit their works and invention for a limited period.
		The first codification of intellectual property can be traced to the Jewish laws codified in the Talmud, which declared a prohibition against "Gnevat ha daat", literally the theft of ideas.
		The term intellectual property has been criticized on the grounds that the rights conferred by exclusive rights laws are in some ways more limited than the legal rights associated with property interests in physical goods (chattels) or land (real property).
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/i/n/t/Intellectual_property.html (6092 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organisation, Genomics Gateway, Department of Peace Studies, University of Bradford
		WIPO currently oversees 23 treaties covering aspects of intellectual property protection, however it is not obligatory for member states of WIPO to be parties to these treaties.
		The earliest international laws created to protect intellectual property were the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property (1883) and the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1886).
		An international organisation was established to oversee these two conventions in 1893, the United International Bureau for the Protection of Intellectual Property (BIRPI).
	www.brad.ac.uk /acad/sbtwc/gateway/TRADE/WIPO.htm (506 words)

	The Hindu : Magazine / Focus : Intellectual property? Right!
		Although the concept of intellectual property was very old, there appeared the need to harmonise laws to facilitate international trade and the free flow of technology.
		However, less well known is the fact that the Government of India has offered citizens of the country the opportunity to protect their intellectual property for exactly 150 years: the first IPR legislation was enacted in British India in 1856.
		Despite the first application for a patent in India having been made as early as 1856 by George Alfred DePenning (see box) and the laws of the land in connection with IPR having been designed to encourage original inventiveness, it is a pity that Indian industry and academia have not yet risen to the challenge.
	www.hindu.com /mag/2006/04/09/stories/2006040900150200.htm (1427 words)

	Intellectual Property Policy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Intellectual property generated by UNSW researchers should be used to maximise the flow of benefits to society, particularly to Australia, and to enhance the reputation of the University and encourage and assist staff in their careers.
		It is a condition of assignment of the Intellectual Property to the staff member or student that the University receives a benefit amounting to 20% of the revenue received from the exploitation of the Intellectual Property after costs have been recovered.
		Notwithstanding the need for the University to ensure an equitable return on Intellectual Property, the University acknowledges that, in the context of collaborative research, flexibility in the approach to Intellectual Property negotiation is necessary to ensure that the rights of the third party collaborator are respected.
	www.infonet.unsw.edu.au /poldoc/ippol.htm (2611 words)

	Intellectual Property Guide: Global Frameworks
		There are a wide range of agreements, consistent with the dimensions of intellectual property protection (from the bundle of rights in music CDs to patenting microorganisms) and the challenges of achieving broad consistency in diverse national laws that reflect both cultural and economic interests.
		The protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights should contribute to the promotion of technological innovation and to the transfer and dissemination of technology, to the mutual advantage of producers and users of technological knowledge and in a manner conducive to social and economic welfare, and to a balance of rights and obligations.
		Peter Drahos' 2001 Bilateralism in Intellectual Property (txt) is a cogent examination of the use of bilateral investment treaties and intellectual property agreements by the US and others to establish more extensive IP protection than required by TRIPS.
	caslon.com.au /ipguide4.htm (2832 words)

	SCADPlus: Intellectual property: introduction
		Differences between national laws in the intellectual property field (which, for the purposes of this document, embraces industrial property, copyright and related rights) may constitute protectionist barriers to the free movement of goods and services and distort competition, thereby undermining the single market.
		The conclusion of the Agreement on trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (the TRIPS Agreement) by the members of the WTO in 1996 upon the conclusion of the Uruguay Round emphasises the importance of the protection of intellectual property in the field of trade.
		This is the context in which to place the Directive on the enforcement of intellectual property rights which was adopted in April 2004.
	europa.eu /scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l26021.htm (1567 words)

	What is Intellectual Property?
		Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce.
		Intellectual property is divided into two categories: Industrial property, which includes inventions (patents), trademarks, industrial designs, and geographic indications of source; and Copyright, which includes literary and artistic works such as novels, poems and plays, films, musical works, artistic works such as drawings, paintings, photographs and sculptures, and architectural designs.
		A summary of intellectual property legislation in member States, as well as contact information, etc., is available in the WIPO Guide to Intellectual Property Worldwide.
	www.wipo.int /about-ip/en (160 words)

	IP Menu - WIPO - Intellectual Property Resources
		Intellectual Property Digital Library, contains the first page data (bibliographic data, abstract and drawing) of published PCT applications.
		Intellectual Property Digital Library, contains bibliographic details of articles published in leading scientific and technical periodicals relating to the period 1981 to date.
		Intellectual Property Office of Singapore (IPOS) in promoting IP information awareness and usage by harnessing IT power.
	www.ipmenu.com /country/wipo.htm (791 words)

	Protect your intellectual property
		Intellectual property must be defended vigorously against infringement to ensure that YOU reap maximum benefit from what you have created, NOT somebody else.
		Intellectual property law is complex and constantly changing, requiring a global expertise to ensure you securely protect what is yours.
		Entrust your intellectual property portfolio to Novagraaf and chart a safe course, drawing strength from over 350 patent attorneys, trade mark attorneys and other intellectual property professionals.
	www.novagraaf.nl /english/index.asp (344 words)

	Intellectual Property - Guide to Intellectual Property Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		ABA Section of Intellectual Property Law is the largest intellectual property organization in the world and the oldest substantive Section of the ABA.
		In law, intellectual property (IP) is an umbrella term for various legal entitlements which attach to certain types of information, ideas, or other intangibles in their expressed form.
		Intellectual Property Owners Association supports member interests relating to legislative and international issues; provides news and educational services and networking opportunities for members; and disseminates information to the public on the importance of intellectual property rights.
	www.hg.org /intell.html (1105 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO)
		WIPO promotes the protection of intellectual property throughout the world through cooperation among states and, where appropriate, in conjunction with other international organizations.
		It will also provide assistance with the building of intellectual property awareness in South Africa through various initiatives which will be run jointly with the Intellectual Property Office.
		WIPO has a considerable body of expertise at its disposal to assist member countries with advice on intellectual property issues and legislative options, where required.
	www.dfa.gov.za /foreign/Multilateral/inter/wipo.htm (497 words)

	IPO Pakistan - Intellectual Property Organisation of Pakistan
		IPO Pakistan - Intellectual Property Organisation of Pakistan
		Being a signatory to Trade Related Intellectual property Rights, Agreement (TRIPs) under WTO, Pakistan required upgradation of its intellectual property infrastructure in tandem with global trends.
		Accordingly the existing legislation on Intellectual Property i.e.
	www.ipo.gov.pk (441 words)

	Resources : Intellectual Property : Economic Issues : Areas of Work : QUNO
		Discussion papers are written for trade negotiators and policy makers responsible for analysing and assessing the impact of intellectual property on particular sectors.
		Rethinking innovation, development and intellectual property in the UN: WIPO and beyond (English), Sisule F. Musungu, September 2005 (pdf 648kb).
		Focuses on how the mandates and competencies of key UN institutions relevant to innovation, development and intellectual property can be brought to bear in addressing the challenges of the 21st century knowledge society.
	www.quno.org /economicissues/intellectual-property/intellectualLinks.htm (1475 words)

	intellectual property
		Intellectual objects are defined, as being nonexclusive because many people can use them concurrently and their use by some do not prohibit their use by others.
		The aim of this chapter is to represent the diversity in opinions over the argument as to why intellectual property should be protected versus the idea of relaxing / abolishing protection, by presenting a selection of ideas and allow the reader decide which viewpoint they agree with most closely.
		Intellectual property is usually protected in one of these three ways: copyrights, patents and trademarks.
	www.scit.wlv.ac.uk /~cm1988/CP3349SLAPA/intellectual_property.htm (6672 words)

	BIODIVERSITY AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
		In addition, the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) and other international institutions are increasingly becoming active on the subject.
		A Workshop on Biodiversity Conservation and Intellectual Property Rights was organised in New Delhi, on 29-31 January 1999, by the Research and Information System on Non-Aligned and Developing Countries (RIS), Kalpavriksh, and IUCN - The World Conservation Union.
		Current international regimes which have relevance to IPR and biodiversity issues need to be substantially reviewed, and attempts made both to use the spaces available within them and create new spaces and alternative regimes which can help to conserve biodiversity and protect the rights of indigenous and local communities.
	www.iisd.ca /journal/kothari.html (6029 words)

	FSF Europe - Free Software in Europe - Towards a "World Intellectual Wealth Organisation"
		The Geneva Declaration [1] is an impressive step towards the creation of a broad coalition of people, organisations and countries [2] demanding that the international community re-think the goals and mechanisms for awarding monopoly control over different kinds of knowledge.
		A World Intellectual Property Organisation will always, understandably, lean towards applying the pre-selected tool-set of monopolisation that it refers to as Intellectual Property; a term that we find to be ideologically charged and dangerously oblivious to the significant differences that exist between the many areas of law that it tries to subsume.
		Granting limited monopolies and limited control over some kinds of knowledge may be part of this new organisation's tool-set, but not the only one, and maybe not even the most important one.
	fsfeurope.org /documents/wiwo.en.html (383 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organisation stumped: ZDNet Australia: News: Business
		Following the WIPO conference, representatives from the Hague Conference on Private International Law were expected to meet with officials with expertise in intellectual property to discuss their concerns with the draft convention.
		James Love, director of the U.S.-based Consumer Project on Technology, argued that intellectual property should be exempted from the convention because of the impact it could have on consumers.
		He claimed that the draft convention would extend the range of over-reaching intellectual property regimes globally, limit the scope of fair-use exceptions to intellectual property rights and impose other limitations on consumer rights.
	www.zdnet.com.au /news/business/0,39023166,20150818,00.htm (1097 words)

	Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights \| European Union InfoSociety
		In service/knowledge-based economies such as those of the EU, protecting intellectual property rights (IPR) is considered essential by many businesses in their pursuit of innovation and competitiveness.
		The Commission is investigating ways to protect intellectual property rights over digital media that would strike such a balance. Digital Rights Management Systems are being assessed that would guarantee rights-holders' IP rights while at the same time allowing end users to make private copies for their personal use without risk of prosecution.
		Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD): Creativity, innovation and economic growth in the 21st century: An affirmative case for intellectual property rights (5 January 2004)
	www.euractiv.com /en/infosociety/enforcement-intellectual-property-rights/article-117513 (1997 words)

	Intellectual Property Protection
		Singapore is the one-stop center in Asia for businesses to manage their intellectual property (IP) assets.
		Within Singapore, there are institutions such as the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore, Singapore International Arbitration Centre, Composers and Authors Society of Singapore, Recording Industry Association (Singapore), and Singapore Mediation Centre.
		Companies who locate their IP base in Singapore are able to everage upon Singapore's vibrant financial sector; strong technological and manufacturing capabilities; and global connectivity to realise the maximum value of their IP.
	www.edb.gov.sg /edb/sg/en_uk/index/why_singapore/intellectual_property.html (437 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions about intellectual property law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Yet another commonly used symbol within a circle is the U within a circle, which has nothing to do with intellectual property, but which indicates that a product has been found to be kosher by the Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations of America (also known as the "OU").
		The latest, or "Uruguay" Round of GATT requires signatories to protect intellectual property and provide similar protection of intellectual property owned by nationals and foreigners.
		The World Intellectual Property Organization is the organization that, together with PCT departments within the patent offices of countries that are signatories to the Treaty, administers the
	www.oppedahl.com /faq (1017 words)

	WTO \| Intellectual property (TRIPS) - gateway
		Information on intellectual property in the WTO, news and official records of the activities of the TRIPS Council, and details of the WTO’s work with other international organizations in the field:
		Intellectual property rights and the TRIPS Agreement back to top
		Intellectual property rights are the rights given to people over the creations of their minds.
	www.wto.org /english/tratop_e/trips_e/trips_e.htm (793 words)

	ipria - International Developments
		Designed to foster communication among policy makers, national and regional intellectual property (IP) offices, patent attorneys, statisticians and research institutions, the conference sought to identify ways to more effectively use intellectual property statistics as indicators of technological development and economic growth.
		The Madrid system offers users a simple and cost-effective way to apply for protection of their trade marks in any or all of the 78 states which are party to the agreement by making a single international deposit in one language, with one set of fees in one currency.
		Some 185 participants from the public and private sectors from 55 countries, six intergovernmental organisations and 17 non-governmental organisations took part to consider areas for further action to ensure the effective co-existence of patents and plant breeders' rights.
	www.ipria.org /developments_in_ip/intdev/wipo.html (8879 words)

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