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Topic: Intellectual property rights

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	Intellectual property - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The basic public policy rationale for the protection of intellectual property is that IP laws facilitate and encourage disclosure of innovation into the public domain for the common good, by granting authors and inventors exclusive rights to exploit their works and invention for a limited period.
		Intellectual property laws confer a bundle of exclusive rights in relation to the particular form or manner in which ideas or information are expressed or manifested, and not in relation to the ideas or concepts themselves (see idea-expression divide).
		The use of the term "intellectual property" is often predicated on considerations such as the "free rider problem" or rationalized by problematizing the fact that owners of computers have the ability to produce and distribute perfect copies of digital works.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intellectual_property (6033 words)

	Intellectual property -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The use of the term "intellectual property" is often predicated on considerations such as the " (Click link for more info and facts about free rider problem) free rider problem" or rationalized by problematizing the fact that owners of computers have the ability to produce and distribute perfect copies of digital works.
		A common argument against the term intellectual property is that information is fundamentally different from physical property in that a "stolen" idea or copy does not affect the original possession (see the (Click link for more info and facts about tragedy of the commons) tragedy of the commons).
		Stephan Kinsella, in his Journal of Libertarian Studies article "Against Intellectual Property" details his objection to (Intangible property that is the result of creativity (such as patents or trademarks or copyrights)) Intellectual Property on the grounds that the term "property" implies scarcity, which may not be applicable to ideas.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/i/in/intellectual_property.htm (5253 words)

	JISC Legal - Intellectual property rights
		The underlying objective of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) is to protect the creators right to be appropriately acknowledged for his or her work, be it in the form of an invention, a manuscript, a suite of software, or a business name.
		IPR puts in place a mechanism that affords the creator a means of controlling how their protected work is exploited, thereby ensuring that they are properly rewarded for their creative endeavours.
		Moral Rights: A moral right is a residual right, which means that it stays with the original creator notwithstanding that he or she has sold on the copyright in the work to another party.
	www.jisclegal.ac.uk /ipr/IntellectualProperty.htm (3776 words)

	WTO \| intellectual property (TRIPS) - what are intellectual property rights?
		Intellectual property rights are the rights given to persons over the creations of their minds.
		The rights of authors of literary and artistic works (such as books and other writings, musical compositions, paintings, sculpture, computer programs and films) are protected by copyright, for a minimum period of 50 years after the death of the author.
		While the basic social objectives of intellectual property protection are as outlined above, it should also be noted that the exclusive rights given are generally subject to a number of limitations and exceptions, aimed at fine-tuning the balance that has to be found between the legitimate interests of right holders and of users.
	www.wto.org /english/tratop_e/trips_e/intel1_e.htm (416 words)

	IIP: Publications: Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights: What Is Intellectual Property? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The most noticeable difference between intellectual property and other forms of property, however, is that intellectual property is intangible, that is, it cannot be defined or identified by its own physical parameters.
		Although the right conferred by a patent is a right to exclude others from making, using, or selling a patented invention during the term of the patent, it is important to understand that a patent does not necessarily give the patent owner the right to make, use, or sell the invention himself or herself.
		A copyright is an exclusive right to reproduce an original work of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression, to prepare derivative works based upon the original work, and to perform or display the work in the case of musical, dramatic, choreographic, and sculptural works.
	usinfo.state.gov /products/pubs/intelprp (3868 words)

	Jamaica Gleaner - Intellectual property rights - Monday \| June 28, 2004
		As the world moves in the direction of free trade under WTO rules all countries are expected to strengthen their capacity to protect intellectual property rights.
		Last Thursday, the Intellectual Property Unit in the Organized Crime Investigation Unit of the Police in a collaborative effort with JIPO destroyed thousands of copies of pirated music material at the Riverton City landfill.
		A more secure environment for intellectual property rights can only be good for creative output and bring greater benefits to those whose intellectual output drives economies now more than ever before.
	www.jamaica-gleaner.com /gleaner/20040628/cleisure/cleisure1.html (425 words)

	FRB: Speech, Greenspan--Intellectual property rights--February 27, 2004
		Intellectual property--patents, copyrights, and trademarks--represented a far less important component of the economy, which was mainly agricultural.
		Whether we protect intellectual property as an inalienable right or as a privilege vouchsafed by the sovereign, such protection inevitably entails making some choices that have crucial implications for the balance we strike between the interests of those who innovate and those who would benefit from innovation.
		In the case of physical property, we take it for granted that the ownership right should have the potential of persisting as long as the physical object itself.
	www.federalreserve.gov /boarddocs/speeches/2004/200402272 (2109 words)

	Intellectual Property Rights - Recent Literature. Technology Transfer Information Center - TTIC
		The legal, scientific and ethical implications of intellectual property rights are considered in these publications.
		Intellectual property rights and biodiversity conservation : an interdisciplinary analysis of the values of medicinal plants.
		Intellectual property rights and the welfare effects of agricultural RandD.
	www.nal.usda.gov /ttic/misc/iprights.htm (2534 words)

	Intellectual Property Rights in India, Embassy of India, Washington, DC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Right to privacy, which is not protected even in all developed countries, has been recognized in India.
		At Annexure 1 is a note on the steps being taken by the Government of India to strengthen and modernize the intellectual property administration system, including patent information services, trademarks registration and patent offices in India.
		Regarding the lack of intellectual property protection in the pharmaceutical sector, it may be mentioned that India does provide for patents in the pharmaceutical sector.
	www.indianembassy.org /special/ipr/ipr.htm (3402 words)

	CafePress.com : Help Desk : Intellectual Property Rights Policy
		We encourage intellectual property rights owners to contact us if they believe that a user of our service has infringed their rights.
		If you let us know that your rights are being infringed by one of our users we will (in our discretion) require that the user's content is removed from products and, if the user continues to infringe your rights (or infringes the rights of others) terminate the user's access to our services.
		A statement that you have a good-faith belief that use of the material in the manner complained of is not authorized by the rights owner, its agent or the law.
	www.cafepress.com /cp/info/help/iprights.aspx (355 words)

	Intellectual Property Rights Overview
		The W3C Intellectual Property Rights Activity Page describes how the W3C is addressing these questions.
		draft-reagle-pics-copyright-00.txt demonstrates the use of the PICS protocol as a mechanism for expressing intellectual property rights.
		Proposals from many countries (EU and US) on IPR reform in the context of digital networks are hotly contested.
	www.w3.org /IPR (774 words)

	Greenspan says protection of intellectual property rights increasingly important to U.S. economy North County Times - ...
		WASHINGTON -- Just as property rights protected an American economy largely based on farming at the start of 20th century, the protection of intellectual property is increasingly important at the start of this century, Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan said Friday.
		Greenspan said that much of the uncertainty over intellectual property rights stems from the fact that it is much harder to protect intellectual property than material assets.
		And he said that dealing with differences in the ways that intellectual property rights were protected had become a central issue in many of the trade disputes the United States has with other countries.
	www.nctimes.com /articles/2004/02/29/business/news/2_28_0422_34_44.txt (800 words)

	WTO \| Intellectual property (TRIPS) - gateway
		Intellectual property rights are the rights given to people over the creations of their minds.
		second, in 2001, is a similar programme for least-developed countries, to help them with their 1 January 2006 deadline, and to make use of intellectual property protection for their economic, social and cultural development.
		Link to the website of the organization responsible for promoting intellectual property protection throughout the world, and for various multilateral IP treaties.
	www.wto.org /english/tratop_e/trips_e/trips_e.htm (811 words)

	intellectual property rights
		The TRIPS agreement came into effect on 1 January 1995 and is currently the most comprehensive multilateral agreement on intellectual property.
		Intellectual property rights : ultimate control of agricultural R and D in Asia
		The report covers the Green Revolution, the emergence of IPRs on life in Asia, IPR regulations and purchase agreements, the collapse of Asia's public sector, and IPRs versus sustainable agriculture.
	agrifor.ac.uk /browse/cabi/f4971004031f113bd6ca466ffbe07afd.html (335 words)

	Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights
		This site contains information, guidelines and principles that have been developed for the protection of the cultural and intellectual property rights of Alaska Native people in all areas of knowledge, tradition and artifacts associated wtih Native cultures, as they made their traditional knowledge available to others.
		Perhaps the links would be of use under ANKN's Cultural and Intellectual Property Rights category and could serve as a great resource for both students and instructors.
		Excerpt: "The paper will examine from a Maori perspective their notions of indigenous peoples rights and obligations and how they are fundamentally at odds with existing intellectual property right systems.
	www.ankn.uaf.edu /rights.html (599 words)

	Confusing Words and Phrases that are Worth Avoiding - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)
		The use of the word "rights" in this term is propaganda, designed to lead you unawares into seeing the issue from the viewpoint of the few that impose the restrictions, while ignoring that of the many on whom the restrictions are imposed.
		The term "intellectual property" carries a hidden assumption---that the way to think about all these disparate issues is based on an analogy with physical objects, and our ideas of physical property.
		To avoid the bias and confusion of this term, it is best to make a firm decision not to speak or even think in terms of "intellectual property".
	www.gnu.org /philosophy/words-to-avoid.html (2191 words)

	INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
		he importance of intellectual property in India is well established at all levels- statutory, administrative and judicial.
		It lays down minimum standards for protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights in member countries which are required to promote effective and adequate protection of intellectual property rights with a view to reducing distortions and impediments to international trade.
		The right accruing to the right holder is the right to prevent third parties not having his consent from making, selling or importing articles being or embodying a design, which is a copy or substantially a copy of the protected design when such acts are undertaken for commercial purposes.
	dipp.nic.in /ipr.htm (1177 words)

	INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ipr-science is an electronic mailing list for discussions and announcements about intellectual property in science, including such topics as academic-industry links, analysis of sociological, ethical, and legal issues, and the use of patents and...
		Software as Intellectual Property is a text document which discusses how courts shoulddistinguish the expression of a computer program, which is protected by copyright law, from its underlying ideas, which are not.
		The Intellectual Property (IP) Magazine describes itself as, 'The quarterly online magazine addressing issues in law and policy for high technology.' Here you canaccess past issues of IP, which is published by The Recorder, a daily legal newspaper...
	ces.iisc.ernet.in /hpg/cesmg/iprpaten.html (1868 words)

	Putting You Back In Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The ownership of your intellectual effort is one of the key factors in the profit edge currently held by commercial publishers.
		This is why some publishers have been lobbying for stronger property rights that do not explicitly acknowledge fair use, particularly in the electronic arena.
		Many universities are currently reviewing and revising their policies on intellectual property, prompted primarily by their investment in the creation of digital media.
	www.createchange.org /faculty/issues/putting.html (1705 words)

	Intellectual Property Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Our nation’s courtrooms are filled with cases in which someone allegedly breached that intellectual property right.
		Through the decades the intellectual property rights of Hopi have been violated for the benefit of many other, non-Hopi people that has proven to be detrimental.
		All of these actions are breaches of Hopi intellectual property rights, used by non-Hopi for personal and commercial benefit without Hopi permission.
	www.nau.edu /~hcpo-p/current/hopi_ipr.htm (263 words)

	Intellectual Property Rights:Department (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The OECD explores the role of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in stimulating the diffusion of knowledge and fostering innovation.
		Each event aimed at assisting China in its efforts to further improve IPR policy and enforcement by sharing the experience of OECD countries on a range of issues of special relevance and interest to Chinese policy makers and other stakeholders.
		The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the OECD held a workshop on the use of patent statistics on 11 and 12 October, 2004, in Geneva, Switzerland.
	www.oecd.org /department/0,2688,en_2649_34797_1_1_1_1_1,00.html (558 words)

	CCIPS PROTECTING INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS: Copyrights,Trademarks and Trade Secrets
		The Department of Justice and other agencies are continually working to improve protections for intellectual property rights and the enforcement of intellectual property laws.
		The Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section ("CCIPS") is the contact point for facilitating approval of all charges under 18 U.S.C. § 1832.
		The Intellectual Propety Rights (IPR) Training Database website is designed to provide information regarding international IPR training in coordination with the IPR Training Coordination Group, a group compromised of several United States Government agencies and industry associations involved in intellectual property rights enforcement.
	www.usdoj.gov /criminal/cybercrime/ip.html (378 words)

	Linden Lab \| Press Room (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The revised TOS allows subscribers to retain full intellectual property protection for the digital content they create, including characters, clothing, scripts, textures, objects and designs.
		Speaking to an audience of digital rights specialists and virtual world enthusiasts at the NYLS "State of Play" conference, Founder and CEO Philip Rosedale described the new policy as a major breakthrough for users of online worlds.
		It is sustained by the generous support of The Center for the Public Domain, the Hewlett Foundation, and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.
	lindenlab.com /press_story_12.php (718 words)

	5.1 Legal Issues: Intellectual Property Rights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Gladney, Henry M. "Digital Dilemma: Intellectual Property Synopsis and Views on the Study by the National Academies' Committee on Intellectual Property Rights and the Emerging Information Infrastructure." D-Lib Magazine 5 (December 1999).
		Copyright and Intellectual Property Issues for Researchers in the 90s." Notices of the American Mathematical Society 43 (January 1996): 8-12.
		Wagner, Karen I. "Intellectual Property: Copyright Implications for Higher Education." The Journal of Academic Librarianship 24 (January 1998): 11-19.
	info.lib.uh.edu /sepb/lcopyr.htm (3354 words)

	Intellectual Property Rights
		If they already have a prototype made up they think it would be very easy to sell or license the product without going through the expense of getting the patent.
		A patent does many things but the most important is that it protects your intellectual property rights.
		Intellectual property is anything of value that cannot be physically touched, such as a brand, a franchise, a trademark, or a patent - any intangible asset consisting of human knowledge and ideas.
	www.morebusiness.com /running_your_business/legal/d979516613.brc (490 words)

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