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Topic: Intellectual rights

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Intellectual property

Moral rights

	Intellectual rights - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Intellectual rights (from the French "droits intellectuels") is a term sometimes used to refer to the legal protection afforded to owners of intellectual capital.
		This notion is more commonly referred to as "intellectual property", though "intellectual rights" more aptly describes the nature of the protections afforded by most nations.
		"Intellectual property" was generally used to advocate a belief that copyrights and patents should provide rights akin to physical property rights.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intellectual_rights (319 words)

	Intellectual property - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The term intellectual property reflects the idea that the subject matter of IP is the product of the mind or the intellect, and that once established, such entitlements are generally treated as equivalent to tangible property, and may be enforced as such by the courts.
		Intellectual property laws are generally designed to confer a bundle of exclusive rights in relation to the particular form or manner in which ideas or information have been expressed or manifested, and not in relation to the underlying ideas or concepts themselves.
		Exclusive rights may be analyzed in terms of their subject matter, the actions they regulate in respect of the subject matter, the duration of particular rights, and the limitations on these rights.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Intellectual_property (6032 words)

	Intellectual property -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		However, the rights have limitations, including term limits and other considerations (such as intersections with fundamental rights and the codified provisions for (The conditions under which you can use material that is copyrighted by someone else without paying royalties) fair use for copyrighted works).
		Exclusive rights are generally divided into two categories: those that grant (A right reserved exclusively by a particular person or group (especially a hereditary or official right)) exclusive rights only on copying/reproduction of the item or act protected (e.g.
		Recently the general trend in exclusive rights law has been expansion: to cover new types of subject matter such as databases, to regulate new categories of activity in respect of the subject matter already protected, to increase the duration of individual rights, and to remove restrictions and limitations on these rights.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/i/in/intellectual_property.htm (5253 words)

	The Intellectual Property Rights Issues Facing Self-archiving: Key Findings of the RoMEO Project
		In addition, 68% of responding DPs believed that whilst there was database right in their collection of metadata records [Council Directive, 1996], this right was "implicitly waived" within the OAI community.
		However, as a result of this three-pronged approach to rights expression, the actual rights metadata records were not very descriptive of the permissions and restrictions granted by the licences.
		The expression of rights and permissions relating to an individual resource (such as a research paper) would be expressed by the use of a separate rights metadata record.
	www.dlib.org /dlib/september03/gadd/09gadd.html (3573 words)

	Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights: Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The assignment can be a transfer of all rights of exclusivity in the patent, of an undivided portion (for example, a 50 percent interest), or of all rights within a specified location (for example, a certain area of the United States).
		In intellectual property law, there are important distinctions between “exclusive licenses” and “nonexclusive licenses.” An exclusive license is “exclusive” as to a defined scope; it is not the one and only license granted by a licensor.
		Under copyright law, an exclusive licensee is the owner of a particular right of copyright, and he or she may sue for infringement of the licensed right.
	usinfo.state.gov /products/pubs/intelprp/glossary.htm (4279 words)

	Jamaica Gleaner - Intellectual property rights - Monday \| June 28, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As the world moves in the direction of free trade under WTO rules all countries are expected to strengthen their capacity to protect intellectual property rights.
		Last Thursday, the Intellectual Property Unit in the Organized Crime Investigation Unit of the Police in a collaborative effort with JIPO destroyed thousands of copies of pirated music material at the Riverton City landfill.
		A more secure environment for intellectual property rights can only be good for creative output and bring greater benefits to those whose intellectual output drives economies now more than ever before.
	www.jamaica-gleaner.com /gleaner/20040628/cleisure/cleisure1.html (425 words)

	FRB: Speech, Greenspan--Intellectual property rights--February 27, 2004
		Intellectual property--patents, copyrights, and trademarks--represented a far less important component of the economy, which was mainly agricultural.
		Whether we protect intellectual property as an inalienable right or as a privilege vouchsafed by the sovereign, such protection inevitably entails making some choices that have crucial implications for the balance we strike between the interests of those who innovate and those who would benefit from innovation.
		A noticeable component of the surge in the trend growth of the economy in recent years arguably reflects the benefits that we have derived from the synergy of laser and fiber optic technologies in the 1960s and 1970s.
	www.federalreserve.gov /boarddocs/speeches/2004/200402272 (2109 words)

	The Libertarian Case Against Intellectual Property Rights
		Intellectual property rights had their origin in governmental privilege and governmental protectionism, not in any zeal to protect the rights of creators to the fruits of their efforts.
		Ethically, property rights of any kind have to be justified as extensions of the right of individuals to control their own lives.
		Suppose producers of intellectual products — authors, artists, inventors, software designers, etc. — were to set up an analogous court system for protecting copyrights and patent rights — or rather, copyclaims and patent claims (since the moral claims in question, though often legitimate, are not rights in the libertarian sense).
	www.libertariannation.org /a/f31l1.html (3979 words)

	IIP: Publications: Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights: What Is Intellectual Property? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The most noticeable difference between intellectual property and other forms of property, however, is that intellectual property is intangible, that is, it cannot be defined or identified by its own physical parameters.
		Although the right conferred by a patent is a right to exclude others from making, using, or selling a patented invention during the term of the patent, it is important to understand that a patent does not necessarily give the patent owner the right to make, use, or sell the invention himself or herself.
		A copyright is an exclusive right to reproduce an original work of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression, to prepare derivative works based upon the original work, and to perform or display the work in the case of musical, dramatic, choreographic, and sculptural works.
	usinfo.state.gov /products/pubs/intelprp (3868 words)

	Intellectual Property Rights - Recent Literature. Technology Transfer Information Center - TTIC
		The legal, scientific and ethical implications of intellectual property rights are considered in these publications.
		Intellectual property rights and biodiversity conservation : an interdisciplinary analysis of the values of medicinal plants.
		Intellectual property rights and the welfare effects of agricultural RandD.
	www.nal.usda.gov /ttic/misc/iprights.htm (2534 words)

	Intellectual Property Rights in India, Embassy of India, Washington, DC
		Right to privacy, which is not protected even in all developed countries, has been recognized in India.
		Regarding the lack of intellectual property protection in the pharmaceutical sector, it may be mentioned that India does provide for patents in the pharmaceutical sector.
		In regard to the presumption of ownership of copyright issue, it is observed that in 1996 the Supreme Court of India, in a major ruling aimed at curbing piracy in audio and video cassettes in the country, said that ownership evidence of the original work was not required to prove the charge of copyright violation.
	www.indianembassy.org /special/ipr/ipr.htm (3402 words)

	Intellectual Property Rights of Indigenous Women Recognized
		Delegates also agreed to ensure that these rights and their use are protected, respected, and maintained.
		The official delegates of Indonesia and India are still stating their opposition to the inclusion of the term "existing" with intellectual property rights.
		Indigenous women at this conference express hope that the UN Commission on Human Rights will address their demands and include them in the Declaration on the Rights of the Worlds Indigenous People.
	www.ankn.uaf.edu /women.html (607 words)

	Monthly Review January 2003 Michael Perelman
		Intellectual property rights are in the process of corrupting society in a number of ways.
		Intellectual property rights have become the financial counterweight to deindustrialization, because the revenues that they generate help to balance the massive imports of material goods.
		Purveyors of intellectual property implore the government, often with success, to mandate modifications that limit the capacity of modern technologies to violate intellectual property rights—even if they cause inconvenience to the consumers whom capitalism is supposed to serve.
	www.monthlyreview.org /0103perelman.htm (3057 words)

	Intellectual Property Rights Overview
		The W3C Intellectual Property Rights Activity Page describes how the W3C is addressing these questions.
		draft-reagle-pics-copyright-00.txt demonstrates the use of the PICS protocol as a mechanism for expressing intellectual property rights.
		A position paper on Intellectual Property Rights Management for a NRC/CSTB/Trustworthiness Panel.
	www.w3.org /IPR (774 words)

	CafePress.com : Help Desk : Intellectual Property Rights Policy
		We encourage intellectual property rights owners to contact us if they believe that a user of our service has infringed their rights.
		If you let us know that your rights are being infringed by one of our users we will (in our discretion) require that the user's content is removed from products and, if the user continues to infringe your rights (or infringes the rights of others) terminate the user's access to our services.
		A statement that you have a good-faith belief that use of the material in the manner complained of is not authorized by the rights owner, its agent or the law.
	www.cafepress.com /cp/info/help/iprights.aspx (355 words)

	CORDIS: Intellectual Property Rights Helpdesk (IPR-Helpdesk)
		The Intellectual Property Rights Helpdesk is the first line assistance service providing support for current and potential EU-RTD contractors with Intellectual Property issues.
		Intellectual Property Seminars and workshops are organized throughout the European Union and the candidate countries, together with a series of organisations including the IRC network and the EIC.
		In this regard, it should be noted that the information provided is considered to be of a first line assistance and users should contact the competent authorities, organisations, or private firms for more detailed information or for advice on any course of action.
	www.cordis.lu /ipr-helpdesk/en/home.html (380 words)

	WTO \| Intellectual property (TRIPS) - gateway
		Intellectual property rights are the rights given to people over the creations of their minds.
		second, in 2001, is a similar programme for least-developed countries, to help them with their 1 January 2006 deadline, and to make use of intellectual property protection for their economic, social and cultural development.
		Link to the website of the organization responsible for promoting intellectual property protection throughout the world, and for various multilateral IP treaties.
	www.wto.org /english/tratop_e/trips_e/trips_e.htm (811 words)

	FTAA - ALCA - ZLEA - FTAA Draft Agreement - 2003 - Chapter XX
		Economic rights may be transferred or licensed on a contractual basis, without prejudice to the laws of each country on copyright and related rights applicable in conformity with the rules of international private law.
		b) The rights granted to a performer in accordance with paragraph 16.1 a) shall, after his death, be maintained, at least until the expiry of the economic rights, and shall be exercisable by the persons or institutions authorized by the legislation of the Party where protection is claimed.
		That person shall have the right to continue producing the product and using the procedure as he or she had been doing, but this right may only be transferred or assigned together with the establishment or enterprise in which such production or use was being made.
	www.ftaa-alca.org /FTAADraft03/ChapterXX_e.asp (11178 words)

	Chapter Seventeen - Intellectual Property Rights - United States - Australia Free Trade Agreement - Text of the ...
		Each Party shall accord the rights provided for in this Chapter with respect to performers and producers of phonograms to the performers and producers of phonograms who are nationals of the other Party and to performances first fixed or phonograms first fixed or first published in the territory of the other Party.
		Each Party shall provide that final judicial decisions or administrative rulings for the enforcement of intellectual property rights that under the Party’s law are of general applicability shall be in writing and shall state any relevant findings of fact and the reasoning, or the legal basis on which the decisions or rulings are based.
		Each Party shall provide that the application to suspend the release of goods shall remain in force for a period of not less than one year from the date of application or the period that the good is protected by copyright or the relevant trademark is registered, whichever is shorter.
	www.dfat.gov.au /trade/negotiations/us_fta/final-text/chapter_17.html (8160 words)

	intellectual property rights
		The TRIPS agreement came into effect on 1 January 1995 and is currently the most comprehensive multilateral agreement on intellectual property.
		Intellectual property rights : ultimate control of agricultural R and D in Asia
		The report covers the Green Revolution, the emergence of IPRs on life in Asia, IPR regulations and purchase agreements, the collapse of Asia's public sector, and IPRs versus sustainable agriculture.
	agrifor.ac.uk /browse/cabi/f4971004031f113bd6ca466ffbe07afd.html (335 words)

	The Coalition for Intellectual Property Rights
		CIPR is a private-public partnership dedicated solely to advancing intellectual property rights protection, enforcement and reform in the CIS countries and the Baltic states.
		CIPR is an official observer at the World Intellectual Property Organization and the CIS Interstate Council on the Protection of Industrial Property.
		CIPR submitted written testimony for the record to the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee on Courts, Internet and Intellectual Property, in relation to the oversight hearing on "Intellectual Property Theft in Russia," which took place on 17 May 2005.
	www.cipr.org (409 words)

	WHO \| Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Public Health (CIPIH)
		Intellectual property rights are important for innovation relevant to public health and are one factor in determining access to medicines.
		The work of the Commission focuses on the intersections between intellectual property rights, innovation and public health.
		On 19 April 2005, the Chair of the Commission, Ruth Dreifuss, and members of the Secretariat met with officials from the Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property (IPI), the Federal Ministry of Health (BAG), the State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), and the Direction for Development and Cooperation (DEZA).
	www.who.int /intellectualproperty/en (359 words)

	Open Directory - Society: Issues: Intellectual Property: Genetic Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Alternative Mechanisms to Enhance Corporate Monopoly and BioSerfdom in the 21st Century - ETC Group Communiqué on the uncertainties surrounding intellectual property rights, which, being increasingly unacceptable to industry, is why new tools for monopoly control of biological and other resources are being developed.
		Small-scale Producers' Intellectual Rights to Agricultural Biodiversity - Introduction to the issues in a Kenyan context, with an emphasis on farmers, pastoralists and fisherfolk, and the need for protocols on intellectual property.
		Porto Alegre Treaty to Share the Global Commons - Full text and background of proposed treaty designed to ensure that governments and Indigenous Peoples, who are the caretakers of their part of the genetic commons, establish the appropriate statutory mechanisms needed to ensure both sovereignty and open access to the world's genetic diversity.
	dmoz.org /Society/Issues/Intellectual_Property/Genetic_Resources (785 words)

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